11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef Management Using Interdisciplinary Measures Of Conservation Success. Venetia HARGREAVES-ALLEN* 1 , EJ MILNER-GULLAND 1 , Jamie OLIVER 2 , Trond BJORNDAL 3 1 Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, 2 WorldFish Centre, Penang, Malaysia, 3 Portsmouth University, Portsmouth, United Kingdom Donors increasingly need information to help them chose how to optimise investment for conservation and management in marine protected areas (MPAs). In this study I use a questionnaire to managers and researchers of coral reef marine protected areas to assess the factors influencing perceived conservation success. A range of indicators of conservation success have been used in the literature, including management inputs, evidence of conservation outputs and threat reduction. In my study I compare the results of using each of these measures, which encompass ecological, economic and social components of success. I place emphasis on the counterfactual through the use of geographical ‘inside versus outside’ measures and temporal ‘before versus after’ measures. I will present the results of the survey, which encompasses 80 MPAs from all over the world, from those less than 1km2 to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia. A focus of the survey is to explore the issue of equity in terms of the distribution of management and opportunity costs and use and non-use benefits. An analysis of the financial and management strategies that are linked to more successful MPAs enables me to identify recommendations for management. Global trends in regulations, funding strategies, budgets and management actions and their impact on conservation targets will also be discussed, along with an assessment of the challenges and limitations of this research. 23-46 Linking Monitoring and Management- Lessons Learned at the Sapodilla Cayes Marine Reserve, Belize jocelyn FINCH* 1 , Christina GARCIA 1 , Jason GUY 2 , Godwin HUMES 2 1 Toledo Association for Sustainable Tourism and Empowerment, Punta Gorda, Belize, 2 Belize Fisheries Department, Punta Gorda, Belize Located at the southern terminus of the Belize Barrier Reef, the Sapodilla Cayes Marine Reserve (SCMR) was declared a marine reserve in 1996 and is a part of the Belize Barrier Reef World Heritage site. The SCMR protects important reef ecosystems, is home to essential fishing grounds, and is visited by tourists from Belize, Guatemala and Honduras. With these diverse uses and values in mind, the Fisheries Department began on-site management at the SCMR in 2001. Today the SCMR is co-managed by the Belize Fisheries Department and the Toledo Association for Sustainable Tourism and Empowerment (TASTE). In 2006 TASTE, in collaboration with the Fisheries Department, developed a basic monitoring plan for the SCMR. In 2007 the partners began implementation of this monitoring plan. The goal of the monitoring plan was to ensure consistent biological monitoring and to better link the emerging data and its analysis to management decision making. Now after a full year of monitoring with careful evaluation of the monitoring techniques and the data collected; the co-managers have gained useful insight into the strengths and weakness of this monitoring strategy. In order to guarantee that quality biological data is being applied to adaptive management a number of key gaps in monitoring and analysis must be addressed including: insufficient funding of the monitoring plan, need for trained personnel, in-depth statistical analysis training and the ability to translate scientific evidence into management action. TASTE and the Fisheries Department need to work together to develop capacity in these key areas and maintain a consistent monitoring of these important biological resources. Through continued cooperation, improved implementation of the monitoring plan and better use newly collected data, it will be easier to balance the diverse management goals of the SCMR and ensure effective adaptive management. Oral Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management 23-47 The Science Behind Adaptive, Ecosystem Based Management in The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park David WACHENFELD* 1 1 Science, Technology & Information Group, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, Australia The Great Barrier Reef is a vast, complex mosaic of different habitats including coral reefs, sponge and soft coral gardens, algal meadows, seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, islands, pelagic and deep sea environments, which are all ecologically inter-connected. The Reef is a significant source of economic, social, cultural and spiritual values for all Australians, and is a global environmental icon. The major threats to the Great Barrier Reef are climate change, degraded water quality and fishing. These threats do not operate in isolation of one another, but rather in synergy. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority takes a holistic view, protecting the entire ecosystem, its diversity of habitats, their inter-connectivity and their associated human values from the range of threats. The Authority has specific programmes targeted at protecting biodiversity, delivering sustainable industries (particularly tourism and fishing), improving water quality and responding to climate change. With the threat from climate change rapidly increasing, there is greatly increased urgency for local management to address other threats, and focus on measures to maximise the resilience of the ecosystem. The Authority partners closely with scientists to deliver sound information to form the basis of Reef management. In particular, we have developed significant monitoring programmes for our major management initiatives, so that we can track their effectiveness and continue to adaptively manage the Marine Park into the future. 23-48 Spatial Footprint And Temporal Variability Of Recreational Usage At A Remote Fringing Reef in North-Western Australia Claire SMALLWOOD* 1 , Lynnath BECKLEY 1 , Sue MOORE 1 1 Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia Worldwide, studies investigating recreational usage of coral reefs have not previously been a priority for research. However, increased visitation and documented impacts from these activities have highlighted the importance of collecting relevant usage data at a scale appropriate for management. Ningaloo Reef is a remote fringing reef which extends 300 km along the coast of north-western Australia and supports several diverse ecosystems. Although located in an isolated arid region with a permanent population of only 10 000 people, this is supplemented each year by ~ 200 000 visitors. The fringing nature of the reef, which encloses a sheltered lagoon area with an average width of 2.5 km, results in a high level of accessibility for visitors participating in marine recreational activities. Planning for the future sustainable development of the Ningaloo coast is ongoing and a project to map the spatial footprint of marine resource usage in the lagoon is underway. Part of this study included ~1 100 face-toface questionnaire interviews with recreational participants collected throughout 2007 along the length of the reef system. Snorkelling, fishing, diving, kayaking, surfing as well as charter tours for coral viewing and manta rays were some of the popular activities recorded. As well as seasonal variation in recreational usage, demographics, visitation patterns and origin of visitors, there was also spatial variation in these patterns along the coastline. Although studies of recreational activity have been undertaken previously in the region, this is the first study that clearly displays the spatial relationship between these activities, access points and various accommodation types. The study has also allowed popular usage nodes, which could be vulnerable to impacts from recreational activities, to be identified. The fine-scale resolution and geo-referenced nature of this dataset makes it particularly pertinent to site-specific planning and management of Ningaloo Reef and the adjacent coastline. 207
23-49 Integrating Coral Reef Data For Marine Protected Area Decision Support James HENDEE 1 , Frank MULLER-KARGER* 2 , Villy KOURAFALOU 3 , Lew GRAMER 4 1 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 2 School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA, 3 Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 4 Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL Since 1997 NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) in Miami, Florida, has been engaged in continuing development of expert systems as a tool both for researchers and for managers of Marine Protected Areas (MPA). Recently AOML has updated this system with powerful new software called G2, which forms the heart of the new Integrated Coral Observing Network (ICON) of in situ stations and virtual monitoring sites around the world. The ICON/G2 system integrates data from in situ, satellite, radar and other measurements in near real-time, and couples that data with decision support products for over 90 coral reef locations around the world. Many ICON sites are situated within MPAs; however, the needs of MPA managers require environmental monitoring with regional as well as local coverage, thus prompting the need for extensive satellite data. Also, requirements analyses of MPA managers highlight the need for basic research to support effective decision making; one area in particular--hydrodynamic modeling, applied to forecast the delivery of nutrients and larvae to the reef--is a common need for most MPAs. This paper discusses ongoing efforts to extend our data coverage to support these promising areas of research at the most visited site in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), Molasses Reef. This work can serve as a model for additional sites within the FKNMS, and eventually at other MPAs in the Caribbean Sea, Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. 23-50 Maredess: Marine Resources Decision Support System Laura DAVID* 1 , Erlinda SALAMANTE 1 , Eileen PENAFLOR 1 , Kathleen SILVANO 1 , Kristina CORDERO 1 , Marites MAGNO-CANTO 1 , Irene ALABIA 1 , Victor TICZON 1 , Ma. Bernadette DE VENECIA 1 , Roselle BORJA 1 , Rommel MANEJA 1 , Cesar VILLANOY 1 1 Marine Science Institute, Univ. of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines Republic Act 8550 marked the devolution from the national to the local government of the stewardship of coastal marine resources. Although this made sense in as much as it is the local stakeholders that are in the best position to ensure sustainability of use and management, nevertheless we argue for a need for a comprehensive national strategy. This study makes use of various remotely sensed products and numerical model simulations to propose a strategy for prioritizing sites for protection. Taken into consideration are presence/absence of reefs and related habitats; entrainment/ connectivity features; variability of environmental exposure; perceived threats and vulnerability. The recommendations include prioritizing offshore reefs that are less vulnerable to thermal stress and storms; reefs that have withstood thermal fluctuations through decades; and prioritizing series of reef areas to ensure a sustainable of connectivity corridors. A map of priority sites is given for the Philippines. Oral Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management 23-51 Software Tools For Ecosystem-Based Management Of Coral Reefs Sarah CARR 1 , Lindsay ELDER* 1 , Patrick CRIST 1 1 EBM Tools Program, NatureServe, Arlington, VA Ecosystem-based management (EBM) of coral reefs requires the integration of information about a vast array of environmental and human systems, including the coral reef ecosystems themselves, pollutants from land-based sources, and human uses of the ecosystems such as tourism, recreation, fishing, and shipping. A variety of software tools have been developed to help policymakers and managers collect, visualize, and analyze this information and engage stakeholders in the EBM decision making process. For example, tools can: - predict ecosystem response to natural and anthropogenic disturbances - help select optimal areas for conservation or restoration - help managers and stakeholders visualize the impact of development and resource-use scenarios on ecosystems and the human communities that depend on them - help collect local knowledge about how resources are used - facilitate stakeholder participation in evaluating management alternatives. Using tools can improve environmental decision making by helping resource managers incorporate science into decisions, address multiple objectives, and build consensus for management actions among stakeholders. Navigating through the vast array of tools and determining what tools do and how they should be used can consume a great deal of a manager’s time. This presentation will provide information on an array of technology tools for EBM of coral reefs and the benefits and limitations of using technology tools. We will also describe an on-line resource for comprehensive information on EBM tools (www.ebmtools.org) and provide information on relevant training opportunities. 23-52 Development And Implementation Of Coral Reef Biocriteria in U.s. Jurisdictions Patricia BRADLEY* 1 , Wayne DAVIS 2 , William FISHER 3 , Bell HEIDI 4 , Valerie CHAN 5 , Buddy LOBUE 6 , Wendy WILTSE 7 1 Office of Research and Development/NHEERL/AED, U.S. EPA, Key West, FL, 2 Office of Environmental Information, U.S. EPA, Ft. Meade, MD, 3 Office of Research and Development/NHEERL/GED, U.S. EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL, 4 Office of Water, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, 5 Office of Research and Development/OSP, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, 6 Region 2, U.S. EPA, New York, NY, 7 Region 9, U.S. EPA, Honolulu, HI U.S. coral reef ecosystems are threatened by a variety of anthropogenic activities (e.g., pollution, over fishing, vessel groundings, excess nutrients, coastal development, etc.), natural stressors (e.g., tropical storms), and natural stressors that have been exacerbated by anthropogenic activities (e.g., climate change). Biological communities are dependable indicators of the health of aquatic ecosystems because they are responsive to effects of low-level, chronic, and non-point source pollution, and to interactive stressors not captured by physical and chemical water quality standards. Under the Clean Water Act, states may adopt water quality criteria based on biological, physical, and chemical criteria. The President’s Ocean Action Plan directs the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop biological assessment methods and biological criteria for evaluating the health of coral reefs and associated water quality. Biocriteria are narrative descriptions or numeric values representing the biological condition of biological communities. Rigorous biological assessments are needed to identify metrics for a monitoring program and to set expectations for the water body. These are used to develop a scoring system to indicate the health of the water body and to develop biocriteria for each class or designated use. EPA is fostering development of coral reef biocriteria through focused research, evaluation, and collaboration with U.S. states and territories. To date, EPA has produced and validated a Stony Coral Rapid Bioassessment Protocol for application to biocriteria and a Coral Reef Bioindicators Website (http://www.epa.gov/bioindicators/coral/coral_biocriteria.html) for dissemination of information. EPA and the collaborating states and territories have a wide variety of ongoing activities to conduct systematic coral bioassessments, develop metrics, design monitoring programs, and work toward adoption of protective and defensible biocriteria. 208
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
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18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
Page 174 and 175: 18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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Page 178 and 179: 18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Page 188 and 189: Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Page 192 and 193: 21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
Page 194 and 195: 21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
Page 196 and 197: 21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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Page 200 and 201: 22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
Page 202 and 203: 22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
Page 204 and 205: 22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
Page 206 and 207: 22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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Page 210 and 211: 22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
Page 212 and 213: 22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
Page 214 and 215: 23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
Page 216 and 217: 23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
Page 218 and 219: 23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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Page 222 and 223: 23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
Page 226 and 227: 23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
Page 228 and 229: 23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
Page 230 and 231: 23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
Page 232 and 233: 24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
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9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecologica
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predictin
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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