11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data To Identify Management Options: A Case-Study Based On Five Years Monitoring Of The Large Seine Net Fishery Of Rodrigues Island, Indian Ocean Alasdair EDWARDS* 1 , Emily HARDMAN 2 , Jovani RAFFIN 2 1 School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 2 Shoals Rodrigues, Pointe Monier, Mauritius The large seine-net fishery in the 240 km² shallow lagoon of Rodrigues Island is of great socio-economic importance in terms of both protein and employment. Seine net fishing is undertaken by teams of 15 and 30 fishers, using four to eight boats. Annual landings from the fishery of 190 to 300 tonnes have been recorded since 2000. Working with local fishing cooperatives, the NGO Shoals Rodrigues has monitored the seine catch since 2002, recording the species and total length of each fish caught during 125 sampled fishing days. A total of over 68,000 fish in 110 species have been sampled with data on each individual entered on a specially designed database to facilitate analysis. The fishery is diverse and the most commonly caught species include Siganus sutor, Valamugil seheli, Naso unicornis, Acanthurus triostegus, Lethrinus nebulosus, Mulloidichthys flavolineatus, Caranx melampygus and Gerres longirostris. Analysis of the length-frequency distributions for the primary species in the catch suggests that several of the main species caught are being severely overexploited but that others are being exploited sustainably at close to optimal levels of effort. The overexploited species tend to be those that are deeper bodied (e.g. Siganus sutor) and thus caught at a younger age, whereas the sustainably exploited species tend to be those that are shallow-bodied (e.g. goatfish and mullet) and thus caught much later in life. A surplus yield model based on government fisheries statistics suggests that the fishery may be at a sustainable level overall. However, the length-frequency data shows that several species are heavily overexploited. Data on length at first capture shows that an increase in mesh size is unlikely to be practical. A network of marine reserves and an MPA are being implemented in an effort to ensure sustainability in the face of excess fishing pressure. 22-43 Patterns in A Catch-And-Release Sport Fishery Targeting A Pristine Stock Of Caranx Ignobilis At Midway Atoll Raymond BOLAND* 1 , Frank PARRISH 1 1 NMFS/NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI From 1996 to 2001, a catch-and-release charter fishery was conducted in waters of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Refuge at Midway Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. In the history of the coral atoll, this was the first and only organized fishing directed at giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) and it caught a total of 751 fish. Fishing logs indicated an overall trend of increased fishing effort throughout the 6-year period. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) derived as catch per day, per trip, per boat hour, and per hook-hour declined between one-half and one-third of initial levels, then increased from 1999 to 2001. The increase of CPUE during the later part of the study corresponded to wider spatial distribution of the fishing effort throughout the atoll. In 1998 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service implemented a tagging study at Midway Atoll, tagging 356 C. ignobilis of which 24 were recaptured, 4 more than once. Time periods at liberty for the fish ranged from 0 to 389 days and movement was seen across the atoll. Recapture data for fish tagged at Midway and at neighboring atolls showed no movement of jacks between atolls. Treating the adult jacks at Midway Atoll as a closed population and assuming a constant capture probability, the number of resident jacks was estimated at 2590 (± 793 SE). The data from Midway indicates catch and release fishing has a measurable effect on the atoll’s jack assemblages. It is not known whether the decline is a result of post release mortality from capture events; or the result of experienced jacks avoiding fishers. Oral Mini-Symposium 22: Coral Reef Associated Fisheries 22-44 Behavioral Effects Of Fishing On Coral Reefs Elizabeth MADIN* 1,2 , Steven GAINES 3,4 , Robert WARNER 1,2 1 Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 2 Marine Science Institute, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 3 Marine Science Institute, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 4 Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara The community-level consequences of predator removal, and indeed the mechanisms behind them, are poorly understood in coral reef systems. However, the majority of coral reefs globally experience some degree of fishing pressure, much of which is focused on predatory fishes. To date, most research on this topic has been focused on changes in the density of prey species as the principal mechanism causing the effects of fishing to cascade through coral reef communities. However, an entirely different pathway exists by which fishing, and therefore predator removal, could fundamentally alter marine ecosystems: changes in the behavior of prey species. The Line Islands represent a gradient in human influence that ranges from nearly pristine coral reefs to ones with key upper trophic levels functionally removed. We used this system to ask whether prey fishes behave differently over a gradient of fishing intensity and thus predator biomass. We quantified behaviors of a suite of prey fishes spanning different functional groups, focusing on behaviors that are subject to a risk-reward trade-off and play a potentially important role in mediating benthic community structure. We found that these prey fishes exhibit demonstrable shifts in behavior over the gradient of predator biomass. In particular, time spent foraging versus sheltering and patterns of movement over feeding areas appear to be constrained by the level of predation risk imposed by predators. Our findings demonstrate that fishing on coral reefs may strongly affect prey species’ behavior, and further suggest that these behavioral responses may have important implications for benthic community structure in ways not predicted from traditional density-mediated trophic cascade models. 22-45 Reproduction, Habitat Utilization, And Movements Of Hogfish (lachnolaimus Maximus) in The Florida Keys: A Comparison From Fished Versus Unfished Habitats Roldan MUNOZ* 1 , Michael BURTON 1 , Kenneth BRENNAN 1 , R. O. PARKER, JR. 1 1 National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Beaufort, NC Few studies conducted within reserves have examined the reproductive behavior of exploited reef fishes. We tested the hypothesis that reproductive output should be greater in a marine reserve (i.e., greater density and sizes of inhabitants) relative to a fished area. Our study took place in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in the Western Sambos Ecological Reserve (closed to fishing) and the Middle Sambos (fishing permitted). At these sites we gathered detailed information on microhabitat utilization of hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus), their movements, encounter rates, and their reproductive behavior. Most of the data were collected with focal animal observations and the behavioral data geographically logged with a hand-held GPS. Multivariate analyses of microhabitats present on home ranges and utilized by hogfish indicate no overall differences between study sites, yet hogfish movements were greater at the fished site. Furthermore, despite a greater survey effort at the fished study site, no reproductive activity was seen there. In marked contrast, spawning was readily observed at the reserve site where 55 spawns were recorded from 6 different harems. Encounters with the potential to be inherently disruptive (i.e., male-male) tended to occur at a higher rate at the fished site. Conversely, encounters capable of stabilizing social groups (i.e., male-female) tended to occur at a higher rate in the reserve. These data suggest a breakdown of social structure at the fished site and highlight the role that marine reserves may play in the maintenance of reproductive output by site-attached fishes, particularly those with complex social and mating systems that experience intense fishing pressure; the easily-speared L. maximus, characterized by harem territories and female-to-male sex change, is a good example of such a species. 193
22-46 Population Genetic Structure Of A Coral Reef Ecosystem Apex Predator, The Gray Reef Shark (Carcharhinus Amblyrhynchos) Rebekah HORN* 1 , William ROBBINS 2 , Douglas MCCAULEY 3 , Philip LOBEL 4 , Mahmood SHIVJI 1 1 National Coral Reef Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, 2 Cronulla Fisheries Research Centre, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cronulla, Bangladesh, 3 Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 4 Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, United States Minor Outlying Islands Sharks play a major functional role as apex predators in coral reef ecosystems, raising concerns that their ongoing overexploitation will compromise the integrity and sustainability of reefs. The gray reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) is a strongly coral reef associated species whose populations are known to have declined substantially in some regions. There is no information on population structure in this species to aid in their management and conservation. We are assessing genetic structure in this species by using entire mitochondrial control region sequences and 15 nuclear microsatellite loci as markers. 93 gray reef shark samples were obtained from across the species’ Indo-Pacific distribution (eastern Indian Ocean [Madagascar/Seychelles], Central Pacific [Hawaii], Southwestern Pacific (eastern Australia, Palmyra, Palau, Cocos (Keeling) Islands]). Mitochondrial (AMOVA) and microsatellite (STRUCTURE) data concordantly identify the Hawaii population as a distinct genetic group relative to other sampling locations. The microsatellite data further identify 3 distinct overall gray reef shark groups (eastern Indian Ocean, Central Pacific, and Southwestern Pacific). Our current analyses do not show any evidence of population structure among islands of the Southwestern Pacific, although this question is being further addressed with additional samples from more locations. These results show strong genetic differentiation exists in gray reef shark populations separated by expanses of open ocean, and suggest proper management of this declining species will have to occur at the very least on a regional geographic scale. 22-47 Population Genetic Structure Of The Parrotfish Scarus Ghobban in The Western Indian Ocean And Its Implication For Fish Stock Management Oskar HENRIKSSON* 1 , Shakil VISRAM 2 , Ruby MOOTHIEN PILLAY 3 , Sadri SAID 4 , Mats GRAHN 1 1 School of life science, Sodertorns university college, Huddinge, Sweden, 2 CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya, 3 Mauritius Oceanography Institute, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius, 4 Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, Tanzania Much is unknown about the population structure of fish in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). The knowledge of the genetic structure of a population is essential for the optimal designation of fish stocks this knowledge is important for sustainable management. Most fish stocks are today defined and managed by countries and not geographical regions. However, fish populations do not adhere to political boundaries, hence neither should the management of fish stocks. This study aims to investigate the genetic structure and connectivity of Scarus ghobban which is important for subsistence fishing in the WIO. Little research has so far been conducted on S. ghobban, and for this reason not much is known of its potential for migration and the genetic connectivity between different regions. The spatial genetic variation at 16 locations has been examined: 3 sites on Mauritius, 5 sites in Tanzania and 8 sites in Kenya. Levels of population differentiation were investigated using the DNA fingerprinting method Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP). Results indicate the presence of several genetically differentiated subpopulations of S. ghobban, which might need to be managed separately. The implication of this data is that the current scale of management in the region is too local. Today the foremost management regime is mainly through beach management units which operate on a scale far smaller than the size of the potential fish stocks. Oral Mini-Symposium 22: Coral Reef Associated Fisheries 22-48 Central Pacific Survey Reveals Lower Reef Shark Density Near Human Population Centers Marc NADON* 1 , Benjamin RICHARD 1 , Brian ZGLICZYNSKI 2 , Robert SCHROEDER 1 , Russell BRAINARD 2 1 CRED, JIMAR-NOAA-PIFSC, Honolulu, HI, 2 CRED, NOAA-PIFSC, Honolulu, HI Biennial surveys (2000-2007) of coral-reef shark populations were conducted around 50 U.S. Pacific Islands in several regions: the Hawaiian Archipelago, the Marianas Archipelago, the Line Islands, the Phoenix Islands, and the American Samoa Archipelago. Two fisheriesindependent census methods were implemented by divers: stationary point counts and toweddiver surveys. Five species of sharks were recorded in sufficient frequency to allow meaningful statistical analyses: grey reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos), galapagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis), whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus), blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus), and tawny nurse shark (Nebrius ferrugineus). Preliminary analyses showed a highly significant negative relationship between grey reef and galapagos shark densities and proximity to human population centers (e.g., proxy for potential fishing pressure and other human impacts). Average combined numerical density for these two species near population centers was less than 1% of densities recorded at the most isolated islands (e.g., no human population, very low present or historical fishing pressure or other human activity). Even around islands with no human habitation but within reach of populated areas, gray reef and galapagos shark densities were only between 15 and 40% of the population densities around the most isolated near-pristine reefs. Trends in whitetip and blacktip reef shark numbers were similar, but less dramatic. Tawny nurse shark densities were low around most islands. This study is the first fisheries-independent large-scale survey of shark populations in the central Pacific. From our preliminary results we infer that some shark populations near human population centers are severely depleted. 22-49 From Depensation To Compensation: Processes That Drive The Recovery Of A Depleted Population Robert GLAZER* 1 , Gabriel DELGADO 1 , Lonny ANDERSON 2 , David HAWTOF 3 , Paul KUBILIS 4 1 Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Marathon, FL, 2 Keys Marine Laboratory, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Layton, FL, 3 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Marathon, FL, 4 Program for Environmental Statistics, University of Florida, Gainseville, FL The recovery of a depleted population depends to a great extent on the interactions between life history strategies and ecological processes. Using data from a 10-year study, we show the processes that affected how a population of queen conch (Strombus gigas) recovered in the Florida Keys archipelago. We describe the progression of the recovery from its initial stages where it was at critically low densities and was dominated by depensatory processes resulting in limited reproductive encounters. As the population density increased, the proportion of the population engaged in reproductive encounters also increased; however, the area occupied by the population remained relatively constant. In 1999, when the maximum density was achieved (approximately 1,100 conch per ha), compensatory processes predominated and the area occupied by the population expanded rapidly with a concurrent and significant shift of the population into less-favorable habitat. These processes help to explain recovery of depleted or endangered species and may provide guidance to managers on how best to design protected areas. 194
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
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Page 168 and 169: 18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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Page 174 and 175: 18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
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Page 178 and 179: 18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Page 192 and 193: 21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
Page 194 and 195: 21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
Page 196 and 197: 21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
Page 198 and 199: 21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
Page 200 and 201: 22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
Page 202 and 203: 22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
Page 204 and 205: 22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
Page 206 and 207: 22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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Page 212 and 213: 22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
Page 214 and 215: 23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
Page 216 and 217: 23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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Page 222 and 223: 23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
Page 224 and 225: 23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
Page 226 and 227: 23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
Page 228 and 229: 23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
Page 230 and 231: 23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
Page 232 and 233: 24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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Page 242 and 243: 24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
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9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecologica
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predictin
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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