11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure On Bahamian Coral Reefs Through Seafood Consumption Liana TALAUE-MCMANUS* 1 , Joy HAZELL 2 1 Marine Affairs and Policy, University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, 2 Florida Sea Grant Lee County Extension, University of Florida, Fort Myers, FL We designed a seafood consumption survey to compare harvest pressure estimates derived from coral reef fisheries monitoring in the Bahamas. Specifically, we estimated the fishing pressure on four major marine food resources via consumption estimates and a review of trade statistics. In addition, we disaggregated domestic consumption into urban and rural resident and tourist populations. Our sample included 221 urban respondents, 351 rural residents, and 351 tourists. For the period of study from 2003 to 2004, we estimated annual consumption for four species: conch (Strombus gigas) consumption reached 4200 mt; grouper complex, 7910 mt; spiny lobster (Panulirus argus), 4580 mt; and snapper complex at 3200 mt. Tourists consumed 17% of conch available in the Bahamas; 14% of grouper; 12% of lobster, and only 4% of snapper. Mean weekly consumption by tourists was almost twice that of resident populations for conch and grouper, although the standard deviations were sufficiently wide to make the differences statistically insignificant. Of the four major seafood items, the spiny lobster posted the greatest trade pressure with about 69% of total catch exported to foreign markets and 31%, domestically consumed. The fisheries monitoring system in the Bahamas did not document 86% of estimated total conch catch based on consumption and trade statistics. The same holds true for 94% of grouper catch, 39% for lobster and 77% for snapper. In the absence of a proper fisheries monitoring program, a food consumption survey for residents may be implemented annually. For tourists, exit surveys can include queries on food consumption. For species-specific seafood, consumption estimates provide a realistic complement to traditional fisheries monitoring. For multi-species seafood like groupers and snappers, a population-level monitoring using fisheries-based methods remains critical for management. 22-26 Flawed Data, Reef Fisheries, And Food Security: A Close Inspection Of Marine Fisheries Catches in Mozambique, Tanzania, Fiji, And The Solomon Islands Jennifer JACQUET* 1 , Dirk ZELLER 1 1 Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Good management decisions often require good data. We present a simple taxonomy for fisheries catch data that can be used as a “smell-test” when considering data quality and level of reporting. When it comes to reporting, underreporting of fisheries catches is the likeliest outcome, which inevitably leads to misallocations of fisheries resources. We demonstrate underreporting of fisheries catches has occurred in four countries where local people rely heavily on coral reef fisheries for food security: Mozambique, Tanzania, Fiji, and the Solomon Islands. We present the results of catch reconstructions for these countries for the time span of FAO reporting (1950 to the present) and, in some cases, new estimates of per capita fish consumption. Reconstructed marine fisheries catches for Mozambique, for instance, are 6.2 times greater than those reported by FAO based on country reports and countrywide per capita fish consumption is estimated to be 9 kg per capita, three times what had been previously calculated based on reported data. In Tanzania, reconstructed catches now include the reef fisheries of Zanzibar and the result is that catches are 1.7 times greater than FAO reports. Finally, we discuss the policy implications of newly reconstructed reef fisheries catches, make recommendations on how to improve reporting for each country, and suggest alternatives to FAO datasets. Oral Mini-Symposium 22: Coral Reef Associated Fisheries 22-27 No-Take Areas, Uncertainty And Coral Reef Fisheries Management Richard APPELDOORN* 1 , Susan SINGH-RENTON 2 , Mauro GONGORA 3 1 Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 2 Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and The Grenadines, 3 Capture Fisheries Unit, Belize Fisheries Department, Belize City, Belize No-take reserves are advocated as a core strategy for resource management. Within coral reef fisheries, much debate has centered on the roll of enhancing catch through individual movement from protected to unprotected areas (spillover). This debate largely ignors other critical roles reserves may play within a management context, such as maintaining spawning stock and providing control areas to assess fishing impacts. These roles directly relate to countering the degree of uncertainty traditionally characterizing data poor coral reef fisheries. This is illustrated with a recent assessment in Belize of queen conch, a commercially important gastropod inhabiting sea grass, sand and hardbottom habitats of Caribbean reef ecosystems. Visual census and landings data show the back reef conch population and fishery consist overwhelmingly of juveniles. With intense fishing having been maintained for many years, the alternative hypotheses were either that the fishery was severely recruitment overfished and near collapse, or that recruitment was sustained by an unknown spawning stock. In Belize, use of scuba for fishing is banned, effectively creating a no-take area in the deep waters in front of the Belizean barrier reef. Deep water surveys of density and size-structure found adult conch to be abundant at all stations, that these lived longer than those found in shallow areas, and that much of these conch resulted from direct settlement and not migration from shallow areas. Monitoring in small shallow reserves extending into backreef areas was sufficient to demonstrate sustained recruitment over years, much higher densities of juveniles and adults, and suggested significant spillover into fished areas. No-take areas were thus critical for maintaining the Belizean fishery in the face of intense fishing by maintaining a deep-water spawning population, and demonstrating the validity of this interpretation to management agencies. 22-28 Determining The Appropriate Size Of Closed Areas For Protecting Spawning Aggregations Of Large Groupers Using Hydro-Acoustics Richard S. NEMETH* 1 , Elizabeth KADISON 1 , Jeremiah BLONDEAU 1 1 Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands (U.S.) Many species of tropical groupers (Serranidae) form annual spawning aggregations at predictable times and locations. This makes them extremely vulnerable to over-fishing which has lead to the extirpation of many spawning aggregations world-wide. Because a single spawning aggregation may represent the entire breeding potential of a local population, each one must be carefully protected. Seasonal or permanent fishery area closures can provide effective protection, but unfortunately the placement of closure boundaries is often disputed by fishermen because boundaries are not based on biologically relevant data. In most cases relatively little is known about the area occupied or the movement and migration patterns associated with spawning. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal pattern of movement and migration associated with spawning aggregations of Nassau (Epinephelus striatus) and yellowfin (Mycteroperca venenosa) grouper within the Grammanik Bank (GB), a small (1.5 km 2 ) seasonal closure on the southern shelf edge of the US Virgin Islands. Five male and 5 female groupers of each species were acoustically tagged and released on the aggregation site. An array of 17 acoustic receivers were placed in an overlapping curtain around the GB closure and east and west along the shelf edge, and could detect fish transmitters within a 400m radius. Both species commonly moved 1 to 3 km in a few hours and could cover 20 km in a 24 hr period. Movements of tagged groupers at the spawning site carried them across the GB closure boundaries and exposed them to fishing mortality on a daily basis. Moreover a consistently used migratory pathway was also detected between the GB and another large marine protected area (MCD) 3 km west. These results indicate that the GB boundaries should be increased to at least 10 km 2 and include the area between the GB and MCD. 189
22-29 Alternance Of Opening And Closing Times To Fishing Of A No-Take Zone in Martinique (Lesser Antilles) Géraldine CRIQUET* 1 1 EPHE, Perpignan, France Due to littoral ecosystems degradation and overfishing, a decrease of stocks of coastal species occurred in Martinique in the last decades. In order to block this process, several No-Take Zones (NTZs), managed by the Regional Council of Fishery, have been implemented. The particularity of these NTZs is the possibility of opening for a period goes from four to six months. The objective of the study is to assess the impact of this alternance of opening and closing periods on the reef fish community of a Caribbean cost area, Ilet à Ramier. Experimental fishing with Antillean traps were done simultaneously in the NTZ and in the adjacent non protected area (NPA) during a closing then an opening period. Total catches in the NTZ decrease of an half while those of surrounding area stay equal. But both in opening and closing period, total catches in NTZ are higher than in NPA. During the closing period, biomass of Acanthuridae, Scaridae and Lutjanidae are higher in the NTZ, biomass of Serranidae are equal both in NTZ and in NTA; and Haemulidae are more present in NTA. During the opening period, patterns are the same except for Serranidae witch biomass is higher outside the NTZ. But, while the families’ biomass in the NPA stays equal we observe a decrease of Acanthuridae and overall Scaridae biomass in the NTZ. So what will be the long-term impacts of several opening periods on the reef fish community and the artisanal fishery operating on the area? 22-30 Are No-Take Marine Reserves Helping To Sustain Fish Stocks? Tracking Larval Dispersal And Connectivity Of Fish Populations Within The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. David WILLIAMSON* 1,2 , Richard EVANS 1,2 , Geoff JONES 1,2 , Garry RUSS 1,2 , Simon THORROLD 3 1 School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, 2 Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, 3 Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA No-take marine reserves have generally been established with the primary goal of protecting or restoring natural states of biodiversity and ecosystem productivity. It has been widely demonstrated that given time and adequate protection, no-take reserves can produce clear benefits for exploited species within reserve boundaries. Higher abundances of target fish species, with larger average sizes, ages and higher potential reproductive output are commonly demonstrated effects of reserve protection. In recent years there has been increasing interest in the potential contribution of no-take reserve networks to the sustainability of fisheries resources. Increased egg production per unit area of reef, means that reserves may potentially operate as sources of fish larvae. Larvae which are dispersed to surrounding open reefs may provide a recruitment subsidy to exploited fish stocks. Limited empirical data on larval dispersal distances, scales of population connectivity and export effects of no-take marine reserves remains an impediment to expansion of marine reserve networks. Furthermore, the optimal location, size and spacing of no-take reserves within networks cannot be accurately defined in the absence of such data. Here we outline experimental trials of a new technique which utilises enriched stable isotopes to provide maternally transmitted markers from female fish to their offspring. These trials have demonstrated that the technique is effective and safe for use on large commercially important reef fishes and that treated fish present no consumption risk for humans. We also provide an overview of a research project utilising these transgenerational markers to track the dispersal of larvae of two recreationally and commercially important fish species from no-take marine reserves in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Oral Mini-Symposium 22: Coral Reef Associated Fisheries 22-31 Temporal Effects Of Marine Reserves On Target Fishery Species On Near-Shore Reefs Of The Great Barrier Reef, Australia Richard EVANS* 1 , David WILLIAMSON 1 , Garry RUSS 1 1 School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park was established in 1975 to enable the management of the world’s largest network of coral reefs. Access to the reef is limited by boat size and weather conditions. The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is routinely referred to as one of the best managed coral reef systems. However, the GBR still faces similar issues to the rest of the world, i.e. nutrient run-off, coral bleaching, tourism, and exploitation. To manage these impacts in a large area, a multiple-use zoning plan was fully implemented in 1988. In 2004, the new Representative Areas Program was implemented to protect biodiversity, which increased the protected areas from 4.5% to 33.4% of the entire Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Since 1998, underwater visual surveys were conducted around three near-shore continental island groups over 600km apart. These easily accessible reefs are heavily used by recreational fishers and not commercial fishers. This study demonstrates greater density and biomass in no-take marine reserves consistently over at least 5 years for two target species, Plectropomus spp. (coral trout) and Lutjanus carpnotatus (Snapper). Thus showing that recreational fisheries can impact on fish stocks as much as commercial and/or subsistence fisheries. Furthermore, with the implementation of the Representative Area Program, our research group designed a BACI sampling experiment to test the effect of the new zoning plan on the target fishery species. Recent results from this study demonstrate rapid increases in density and biomass for both species (Plectropomus spp. and L. carponotatus) by at least 50% within two years. This presentation also investigates temporal trends of the broader fish community and the benthos in relation to no-take marine reserve protection. 22-32 Science to Support Coral Reef Fisheries Management: Lessons from the U.S. Coral Reef Conservation Program Thomas HOURIGAN* 1 , James BOHNSACK 2 , Robert SCHROEDER 3 1 Office of Habitat Conservation, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD, 2 Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL, 3 Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, Honolulu, HI The United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Coral Reef Conservation Program supports effective management and sound science to preserve, sustain, and restore valuable coral reef ecosystems. Fisheries on U.S. reefs face many of the same challenges as those elsewhere, and addressing the adverse impacts of fishing on reef ecosystems has been a major area of focus over the program’s first seven years. Integrated habitat mapping, monitoring, and targeted ecological research in both the Atlantic and Pacific are providing new insights and improved fishery management tools. 1) Habitat-stratified monitoring of reef fishes has enhanced survey precision, provided insights in how fishes use different habitats, and allowed fishery independent stock assessments of both targeted and non-targeted species. 2) New techniques allow researchers to identify nursery grounds of fish and track ontogenetic movements to the reef. 3) Broad-scale geographic surveys across gradients of fishing effort indicate that even low levels of exploitation can fundamentally alter biomass of exploited species and trophic relationships in ecosystems. 4) Hydroacoustic surveys are revealing spawning aggregation sites that can be linked with protection. 5) Monitoring of marine reserves has confirmed their efficacy in increasing the size and number of previously exploited species within reserve boundaries. Examples of where these research results are being applied to U.S. reef fisheries management and challenges for future research will be presented. 190
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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8-26 Photosynthetic Microorganisms
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8-35 Tissue Loss And Tropical Storm
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9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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9-13 Is Allelopathy Involved in Cor
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Oral Mini-Symposium 10: Ecological
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10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Oral Mini-Symposium 11: From Molecu
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12-5 The Contribution Of Heterotrop
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12-14 Ocean Dynamics Drive Coral Re
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12-23 Coral Reef Resilience To Chro
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13-1 Prioritizing Conservation Hots
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Oral Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution a
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14-6 Modelling Coral Larval Dispers
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14-14 Environmentally-Mediated Vari
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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Co
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14-29 Complex Patterns of Genetic C
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14-37 Genetic Connectivity in Phili
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14-45 Range-Wide Population Genetic
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14-55 The Importance Of Behavior On
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 15: Progress in
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Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Page 158 and 159: Oral Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging Te
Page 168 and 169: 18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
Page 170 and 171: 18-13 Response Of High Latitude Her
Page 172 and 173: 18-21 Socio-Economic Monitoring (So
Page 174 and 175: 18-29 Extent And Timing Of Disturba
Page 176 and 177: 18-37 It Depends On Where You Look:
Page 178 and 179: 18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Page 188 and 189: Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
Page 190 and 191: Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
Page 192 and 193: 21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
Page 194 and 195: 21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
Page 196 and 197: 21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
Page 198 and 199: 21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
Page 200 and 201: 22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
Page 202 and 203: 22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
Page 204 and 205: 22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
Page 208 and 209: 22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
Page 210 and 211: 22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
Page 212 and 213: 22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
Page 214 and 215: 23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
Page 216 and 217: 23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
Page 218 and 219: 23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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Page 222 and 223: 23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
Page 224 and 225: 23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
Page 226 and 227: 23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
Page 228 and 229: 23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
Page 230 and 231: 23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
Page 232 and 233: 24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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Page 242 and 243: 24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
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9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecologica
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predictin
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Poster Mini-Symposium 26: Biodivers
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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