11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University
11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University
11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University
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18-17<br />
Status Of The Mesoamerican Reef System<br />
Miguel GARCIA SALGADO 1 , Marydelene VASQUEZ 1 , Gabriela NAVA<br />
MARTÍNEZ* 2 , Noel JACOBS 3<br />
1 MBRS project, Belize City, Belize, 2 Oceanus, A.C., Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico,<br />
3 MBRS project, Belize city, Belize<br />
A synoptic monitoring program was established in the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef<br />
System (MBRS) region since 2004, with the objective of gather information about the<br />
status of the reef ecosystems and other associated ecosystems such as seagrasses and<br />
mangroves. This MBRS project comprises a four countries initiative: Mexico, Belize,<br />
Guatemala and Honduras.<br />
The establishment, operation and maintenance of this environmental monitoring program<br />
in the long term will provide a synoptic vision of de MBRS health. At the same time, a<br />
Regional Environmental Information System was created and uploaded to the www to<br />
facilitate the capture of the data on line and results analysis information in the regional<br />
level.<br />
The information generated allowed the establishment of a baseline with data from 2004-<br />
2005.For Coral Reef Ecosystem, the MBRS region has an average of 23.47% live coral<br />
cover, and 35.38% of algal cover for the region. The main live components (sponges,<br />
octocorals, stony corals, encrusting coralline algae and Millepora) were compared to<br />
algae in order to develop a baseline that can be used by later studies to determine any<br />
trends in change to the benthic reef community. The baseline mean ratio of MLC to algae<br />
in the MBRS region was of 1.19 meaning that typical reefs in this region are not overrun<br />
with algae.<br />
This information is now analyzed in a temporal trend at each site to determine changes in<br />
the Mesoamerican Reef. This tool has been useful for comparisons of impacts from<br />
human activities and natural disasters that influence directly in the sustainable use and<br />
conservation of the MBRS.<br />
18-18<br />
The Decline Of Crinoids On The Reefs Of Curaçao And Bonaire, Netherlands<br />
Antilles<br />
David L. MEYER* 1 , Elizabeth A. DAME 1,2 , Peter B. LASK 1<br />
1 Geology, <strong>University</strong> of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 2 Geology, <strong>University</strong> of Cincinnati,<br />
Cincinnati<br />
Comatulid crinoids were abundant on the leeward fringing reefs of Curaçao and Bonaire<br />
until the 1990s, but since 1996 have declined drastically in population size and diversity.<br />
Prior to this decline, five species inhabited the forereef slope from depths of 6 to over 30<br />
m: Nemaster grandis, Davidaster rubiginosa, D. discoidea, an undescribed species of<br />
Davidaster, and Ctenantedon kinziei. Of these, D. rubiginosa and D. n. sp. were<br />
common along the edge of the forereef slope from about 6 to 15 m depth, and D.<br />
discoidea was common below about 15 m. N. grandis and C. kinziei were found in lower<br />
abundance at about 30 m depth. Transect data from Bonaire showed that a drastic decline<br />
in numbers of the Davidaster taxa occurred between 1989 and 1996. Transects in<br />
Curaçao in the late 1990s through 2001 documented a similar decline. In 2007, transects<br />
following the AGRRA protocol in Curaçao showed that sites where species of Davidaster<br />
were formerly common are now practically devoid of crinoids. In particular, D.<br />
discoidea, once the most numerous crinoid in these islands, has all but disappeared. The<br />
cause of this decline is unknown. It is noteworthy that the decline affected both Bonaire<br />
and Curaçao, even though Bonaire has about one-tenth the human population of Curaçao,<br />
very little industrialization, and protected reefs, while a much higher level of<br />
development impacts the reefs of Curaçao. It is possible that heating associated with the<br />
severe coral bleaching event of 1995 also affected the crinoids. As far as we are aware,<br />
reef crinoid populations elsewhere in the western Atlantic region have not shown a<br />
similar decline. However, the loss of these passive suspension-feeding echinoderms from<br />
one of the centers of high reef diversity of the region is a cause for concern and requires<br />
ongoing monitoring.<br />
Oral Mini-Symposium 18: Reef Status and Trends<br />
18-19<br />
Brazilian National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Status And Perspectives.<br />
Beatrice FERREIRA* 1 , Mauro MAIDA 1 , Ana Lidia GASPAR 2 , Caroline FEITOSA 1 , Sergio<br />
REZENDE 1 , Eduardo MACEDO 1 , Fabio NEGRAO 3 , Ana Paula PRATES 4 , Clóvis CASTRO 5 ,<br />
Débora PIRES 5 , Andreza PACHECO 1 , Iara SOMMER 6 , Liana MENDES 7 , Joao Marcello<br />
CAMARGO 2<br />
1 Oceanography Department, Federal <strong>University</strong> of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil, 2 Instituto<br />
Recifes Costeiros, Tamandare, Brazil, 3 Instituto Recifes Costeiros, Caravelas, Brazil, 4 NZCM,<br />
Ministry of Environment, Brazilia, Brazil, 5 UFRJ, Tamandare, Brazil, 6 APA Guadalupe,<br />
Tamandare, Brazil, 7 UFRN, Natal, Brazil<br />
The coral reefs of Brazil represent the only coral reefs in the south Atlantic and include a large<br />
proportion of endemic species. Since 2002 the Ministry of Environment is funding an initiative<br />
to monitor Brazilian coral reefs using a methodology compatible with the global protocol Reef<br />
Check. Between 2002 and 2007, surveys were conducted in eight representative regions of<br />
Brazilian reefs, between latitudes 3° and 18°S, including reefs inside protected areas of both full<br />
protection (4) and sustainable use (5) categories as well as areas of general use (2) or protected<br />
areas with no enforcement (1). Those included coastal reefs, shelf reefs and reefs in oceanic<br />
waters. Analysis of data indicated that fishery indicators at all trophic levels are significantly<br />
more abundant on fully protected areas (no fishing). Sustainable use areas were no different of<br />
general use or protected areas without enforcement, except those that include special no take<br />
zones. Fishing has moved down the food chain and impacts are no longer restricted to large<br />
predatory groups (serranids, lutjanids and sharks) with larger scale fisheries now also directed<br />
to herbivorous fishes (scarids and acanthurids) as well as Haemulids. Within each region,<br />
abundance of indicators was related to fishing pressure directed over the specific resource.<br />
Higher hard coral cover was inversely related to land based pressures, mostly sedimentation,<br />
regardless of coral diversity or species composition. Low proportion large scale bleaching,<br />
across 2000 kms, was detected twice, in 2003 and 2005, with low effect on the apparently<br />
resilient Brazilian coral reef fauna. Conservation and recovery of Brazilian coral reefs depend<br />
on effective fishing regulation as well as protected areas establishment/ enforcement, but, in the<br />
case of the extensive coastal reef formations, also on coastal and riparian recovery and<br />
protection.<br />
18-20<br />
Long-Term Changes in Taxonomic Distinctness And Trophic Structure Of The Reef<br />
Fishes At Cabo Pulmo Reef, Gulf Of California<br />
Hector REYES-BONILLA* 1 , Lorenzo ALVAREZ-FILIP 2<br />
1 Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz,<br />
Mexico, 2 School of Environmental Sciences, <strong>University</strong> of East Anglia, Norwich, United<br />
Kingdom<br />
Cabo Pulmo is the most septentrional coral reef in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, and although<br />
many aspects of the reef have been described, there is a lack of the temporal studies that<br />
addresses the change that this marginal ecosystem has suffered in the last decades. In this<br />
context the present study evaluates the changes in community structure and average trophic<br />
level of the 13 most important reef families, from 1987 to 2006. In this period the reef has<br />
suffered several perturbations, such as ENSO events, hurricanes strikes and the increase of the<br />
coastal development, and at the same time the efforts for its protection has increased as the area<br />
was declared a National Park in 1995. In each year we performed at least 18 stationary censuses<br />
in observation cylinders of 5 m radius, and calculated the taxonomic distinctness index as well<br />
as the trophic level. The results show that community composition did not differ between<br />
seasons (warm and cold), in clear contrast to what occurs in other areas of the Gulf of<br />
California. However, when the comparison was made among years, the ordination analysis<br />
shows that ichtyofaunal composition differs between 1987 and the rest of surveys. The<br />
taxonomic distinctness gradually declined between 1987 and 2006 but at the same time, the<br />
trophic level of the assemblages increased through the years. In conclusion these results suggest<br />
that the establishment of the National Park might have had a positive effect on the fish<br />
community, as shown by the increase in the trophic level. However the simultaneous decrease<br />
in taxonomic distinctness probably indicates that a large number of carnivores has depleted the<br />
abundance of herbivores and omnivores; this way, the conservation efforts have reached a goal<br />
but at the same time produced unexpected consequences in the ecological function of the area.<br />
154