11th ICRS Abstract book - Nova Southeastern University

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14-21 Same, Same, But Different: Comparing Population Genetic Structures Of Two Species Of Coral (Pocillopora Damicornis & Platygyra Daedalea) In The Western Indian Ocean Petra SOUTER* 1 1 Australian Institute of Marine Science, Towsville MD, Australia Improved management of coral reefs is vital, and information regarding levels of genetic diversity and scales of connectivity are factors that need to be considered when developing efficient management plans. This study was implemented in a geographic area where such knowledge is yet scarce but increasingly important. Samples of Pocillopora damicornis were collected from 29 sites along the coast of East Africa; from Malindi in Kenya, to Mtwara in Tanzania, spanning a distance of over 800 km. Over 60% of all pair-wise comparisons showed a significant genetic differentiation, indicating predominant localised recruitment. The species exhibited mixed modes of reproduction, with 4 populations being dominated by asexual clones and another 3 populations showing signs of mixed sexual and asexual reproduction. All clonal genotypes were found to be homozygotes for a specific, and otherwise rare allele at one of the studied microsatellite loci. This finding indicates that asexual reproduction is genetically, rather than environmentally determined and that its prevalence is determined by the successful recruitment of clonal genotypes and their potential selective advantage within a given population. Platygyra daedalea was sampled from 10 sites, mostly in Kenya. Genetic diversity was found to be low for this species, especially in near shore lagoonal waters. Populations sampled on reef-slopes and on the islands of Zanzibar and Mafia in Tanzania, were found to be significantly more genetically diverse, albeit not as diverse as populations studied on the GBR. The results indicate limited migration from the more diverse reef-slope populations into the lagoons, whereas the lagoonal populations were found to be largely panmictic. Interestingly, both species show a clear divergence between populations north and south of Mtwapa creek, indicating a dispersal barrier at this location resulting in significantly different and isolated coral populations in Northern Kenya. 14-22 Rapid Long-Distance Dispersal Of Pelagic Reef-Fish Larvae: Implications For Connectivity Models Benjamin VICTOR* 1 1 Ocean Science Foundation, Irvine, CA There is a dearth of direct information on long-range connectivity among reef fish populations. This is mostly because little is known about the potential for distant dispersal of pelagic reef fish larvae on the scale of hundreds to thousands of kilometers. I collected a large sample of larvae in the open ocean along the equator about 1,000 km from the coast of Ecuador. The larvae were identified using mtDNA barcoding and the sequences revealed that the sample included a significant complement of the regional shore and reef-fish community, including pomacentrids, labrids, gobiids, blenniids, serranids, chaetodontids and holocentrids. In addition, freshwater eleotrid larvae were present that occur only on mainland South America. Barcoding sequences identified a microdesmid species endemic to Colombia as well as the Baja California razorfish Xyrichtys mundiceps (Baja California is more than 2,000 km from the collection site). Daily otolith increments from the reef fish larvae revealed that the ages of the youngest larvae converged on about 3 weeks. Given the origin of the larvae was at least as far as Colombia and likely from the Panama Bight, a surprisingly-high estimate of the rate of dispersal is obtained, about 70 km per day. This estimate is well higher than the usual South Equatorial Current velocity of 30 cm/s and indicates that the capacity of shorefish larvae to disperse far offshore in significant numbers may well be underestimated in connectivity models. Oral Mini-Symposium 14: Reef Connectivity 14-23 Contrasting Patterns of Population Structure and Dispersal for the Giant Barrel Sponge (Xestospongia muta) within the Florida Reef Tract and Caribbean Vince RICHARDS* 1 , Kevin FELDHEIM 2 , Mahmood SHIVJI 1 1 The National Coral Reef Institute, Oceanographic Center, Nova SE University, Florida 33004 USA, Dania Beach, FL, 2 Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605 USA, Chicago, IL Sponges are one of the dominant fauna on Florida and Caribbean reefs, with species diversity often exceeding that of scleractinian corals. Despite their importance as structural components and habitat providers on reefs, their dispersal dynamics are little understood. We utilized eight microsatellite markers to study the population structure and migration patterns of the giant barrel sponge (Xestospongia muta), a widespread species throughout Florida and the Caribbean. Bayesian multilocus genotype analyses clustered 157 samples from the Bahamas, Honduras, and the US Virgin Islands into three distinct groups. 159 samples from nine locations within 284 km of the Florida reef tract (Key Largo to the Dry Tortugas) formed a fourth group. Population structure among the four groups was high (FST = 0.155; P = 0.001), with no recent migration among the groups. In contrast, high levels of migration were detected within the Florida reef tract. Reefs in the Upper Keys (Long Key) appear to be sources of larvae to reefs in the north (Key Largo) and also to reefs in the south (Key West and the Dry Tortugas). This pattern of migration closely matches current pathways within the South Florida recirculation system, suggesting that currents play an important role in dispersing X. muta larvae within the Florida reef tract. Although there was an overall lack of isolation by distance among the four groups, a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance was found among the Florida sampling sites indicating that mating within the reef tract is not random. Asexual reproduction appears not to be the cause as only 1.3% of individuals in Florida shared the same genotype (1.6% overall). Rather, limited larval dispersal along the reef tract and among Caribbean locations has probably led to inbreeding within reefs, explaining the significant deficit in heterozygosity detected (FIS = 0.219; P = 0.001). 14-24 Genetic Population Structure Of Coral Reef Fauna In The Indo-Malay Archipelago: Implications For Connectivity And Conservation Marc KOCHZIUS* 1 , Janne TIMM 2 , Agus NURYANTO 2,3 , Wiebke KRÄMER 4 , Leyla KNITTWEIS 5 , Lemia HAMID 2 , Janet HAUSCHILD 2 , Stina KIRCHHOFF 2 , Inga MEYER- WACHSMUTH 2 , Christian SEIDEL 2 , Patrick MESTER 2 1 Biotechnology and Molecular Genetics, University of Bremen, 28357 Bremen, Germany, 2 Biotechnology and Molecular Genetics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany, 3 Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto 53122, Indonesia, 4 Marine Botany, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany, 5 Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology, Bremen, Germany Even though the Indo-Malay Archipelago hosts the world’s greatest diversity of marine shallow water species, studies on the genetic population structure and gene flow of marine organisms within this area are rather rare. Consequently, not much is know about connectivity of marine populations in the Indo-Malay Archipelago, despite the fact that such information is important to understand evolutionary and ecological processes in the centre of marine biodiversity. Therefore, the genetic population structure of several groups of coral reef organisms, such as fish, bivalves, gastropods, echinoderms, and corals was studied in the framework of the German-Indonesian research programme SPICE (Science for the Protection of Indonesian Coastal Marine Ecosystems). Most of the studied species show a complex genetic population structure characterised by restricted gene flow between some sites and panmixing between others, which can be attributed to the geological history and prevailing current regimes in the Indo-Malay Archipelago. The major observed genetic differentiation between the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific is most probably due to historical isolation by sea level changes, whereas current oceanographic conditions facilitate connectivity along the ITF on the one hand and separation at sometimes very small scales on the other hand. Prevailing current regimes at the western coast of Sumatra as well as the Halmahera eddy off north-western New Guinea prevent connectivity of populations in the Eastern Indian Ocean and Western Pacific to the central Indo- Malay Archipelago, maintaining the historical separation caused by sea level fluctuations. These factors cause vicariance between populations, which can lead to allopatric speciation, suggesting that the Indo-Malay Archipelago is a centre-of-evolutionary-radiation. These large scale genetic breaks as well as small scale genetic differentiations should be considered in conservation efforts and the spatial arrangement of marine protected areas. 115
14-25 Population Structure And Connectivity Of The Neon Damselfish (Pomacentrus Coelestis) in The West Pacific Ocean ShangYin LIU* 1 , ChangFeng DAI 1 1 Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan The degree to which local populations are demographically connected by dispersal is important for the design of marine reserves and resource management. We studied the genetic connectivity of Pomacentrus coelestis populations in the West Pacific using partial mitochondrial control region and microsatellite loci. Based on the molecular data of 142 specimens collected from 7 populations ranging from Okinawa to eastern Australia, high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity were detected in all populations. This suggests that P. coelestis populations may have experienced rapid expansion after a bottleneck event. The results of neutrality tests, shallow coalescence of mtDNA genealogies, and the mismatch distribution of pairwise differences also indicated that populations of P. coelestis have possibly suffered severe declines in the past. The dating based on the coalescent approach suggested that population expansions possibly occurred approximately 27,000 years ago. The results of AMOVA and Φst pairwise comparisons showed that populations were divided into 3 groups, i.e., the north-west Taiwan (Penghu and northern Taiwan), the South China Sea (Hainan, southern Taiwan and Okinawa), and the Australian groups. On a smaller spatial scale, a genetic break was defined between the north-west Taiwan group and the southern Taiwan population. We then assigned recruits from the same locality and adjacent localities based on the genotypes revealed by 7 microsatellite loci. The results of assignments indicated that the recruits in southern Taiwan were mainly from the South China Sea (approximately 50%) and the recruits in Penghu and northern Taiwan were mixed among their natal grounds. This study highlights the influence of present current patterns and historical events on the connectivity of P. coelestis populations. Furthermore, this pattern of population connectivity provides implications for the conservation and management of reef fishes around Taiwan. 14-26 Spatial And Temporal Instability in The Genetic Structure Of Adult And Juvenile Bicolor Damselfish (Stegastes Partitus) Within The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System J. Derek HOGAN* 1 , Roger J. THIESSEN 1 , Daniel D. HEATH 1 1 Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada Population connectivity is an important but poorly understood factor relevant to the ecology, evolution and conservation of marine species. Directly estimating dispersal and connectivity among populations is logistically difficult, but much can be inferred by comparing the population genetic structure of the young, dispersive life stage with that of the more sedentary adults through time. Here we examine the population genetic structure of adult and recently settled juvenile bicolor damselfish, Stegastes partitus, sampled at seven sites along the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS) over a two year period. Using genotype data at 12 microsatellite loci, we tested for genetic population differentiation among life stages and sites. Our results show spatial heterogeneity in adult and juvenile population structure; however, no evidence for an isolation by distance model of divergence was found. We show that allele frequency distributions change through time and between age classes in an unpredictable manner. Since juvenile and adult samples exhibit similar levels of genetic divergence we propose that the temporal instability we observed is due to pre-settlement effects. Our results suggest that the relative contributions of upstream sources likely changes through time as a result of stochastic processes such as oceanographic flow and meteorological events. We attempt genetic assignment of recently settled juvenile fishes to directly estimate ecological dispersal in an attempt to verify that cohorts are arriving from variable source populations. Oral Mini-Symposium 14: Reef Connectivity 14-27 Connectivity And Climate Change: Impacts On A Reef Building Coral in The Eastern Pacific Nicholas POLATO* 1 , Iliana BAUMS 1 1 Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA Connectivity is a primary factor determining community structure, species cohesion, and population persistence. Weather phenomena which alter wind and current patterns will significantly impact patterns of reef connectivity. Long-distance dispersal to the east from the coral rich central Pacific may be favored during El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events due to reversal of surface currents, providing larvae to areas denuded by recurring high Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) caused by ENSO, and supplementing coral populations in marginal habitats in the Eastern Pacific. In an effort to understand patterns of connectivity influencing the origin, evolution, and regeneration of coral populations in the eastern Pacific, microsatellite loci were generated for Porites lobata, a massive reef building species found throughout the Pacific Ocean. Sequences from a coral genomic DNA library and publicly available shotgun reads were used to develop microsatellite markers that amplify reliably in widely separate populations. Genotype data were generated for individuals collected from geographically distant populations throughout the eastern and central Pacific using multiplexed PCR reactions. Results of STRUCTURE and Fst analysis were consistent with expectations that populations on opposite sides of the Eastern Pacific Barrier are significantly differentiated. Ongoing work will apply the genotyping markers to additional populations. Nuclear sequence markers will be used in conjunction with microsatellite data to estimate the timing and extent of long distance dispersal events from central to eastern Pacific populations, and patterns of connectivity will be combined with oceanographic current models to identify primary corridors for genetic connectivity. Whether recruits to eastern Pacific populations are produced locally or regionally will affect the rate of colonization following disturbance and the ability of populations to adapt to local conditions, with important implications for the design of reserves intended to protect these habitats. 14-28 Small Scale Genetic Connectivity Of Bicolor Damselfish (stegastes Partitus) in Marine Protected Areas Of The Mexican Caribbean Carmen A. VILLEGAS SÁNCHEZ* 1 , Jesús E. ARIAS GONZÁLEZ 2 , Renata RIVERA MADRID 3 1 Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-Unidad Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico, 2 Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico, 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida, Mexico Connectivity has been defined as the demographic connection maintained between neighboring populations of a species due to the migration of individuals between them. An analysis was done of variation in nine microsatellite loci to assess genetic structure in 13 bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus) populations (N = 718) from three marine protected areas and one unprotected area in the Mexican Caribbean, and infer its conservation implications. A combination of Nei distances (D) and FST showed significant genetic differentiation between populations, and this pattern was clearly not associated with geographic distance. Significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was observed in the majority of the loci: i.e. 96 of the 117 tests, suggesting inbreeding is occurring. Small-scale population structure is probably being influenced by independent population dynamics, low dispersion levels, biological characteristics specific to this species and reefscape characteristics. Correspondence Factorial Analysis (CFA) indicated differentiation between groups. The two sites with the highest genetic distance values (range: 0.006-0.414 ) in the pairwise test were those with the most complex reefscapes. Our results suggest that local damselfish populations differ at a relatively small scale, and therefore coral reef management for this species, and other species with similar biological characteristics, requires local conservation strategies. 116
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Contents Sponsors..................
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Sponsors 11th ICRS Co-Sponsors Barr
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Mini-Symposium Co-Chairs Mini-Sympo
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Mini-Symposium 23: Reef Management
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Plenary Lessons from the Past Malco
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Plenary Drivers of Coral Infectious
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1-1 The R/v Alpha Helix Symbios Exp
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1-9 Coral Community Change Over A C
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1-17 Holocene Reef Development At T
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1-25 Paleoecology Of Mio-Pliocene F
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Respo
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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Oral Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificatio
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3-17 The Effect Of Depressed Aragon
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Oral Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef O
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Oral Mini-Symposium 5: Functional B
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Oral Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological a
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7-5 Coral Yellow Band Disease; Curr
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7-13 Black Band Disease (BBD): A Po
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7-21 Coral Host Processes Associate
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7-29 Can the Presence of Disease Si
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7-37 Developing An Expert System Fo
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7-45 The Effect Of Sediment And Hea
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8-1 From Bacterial Bleaching To The
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8-9 Milkfish Feces Share Common Bac
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8-17 Bacteria Associated With Symbi
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Page 86 and 87: 9-5 Evaluation Of Biotic And Abioti
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Page 100 and 101: 10-41 Substrate Effects On Reef Fis
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Page 146 and 147: Oral Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem A
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Page 168 and 169: 18-5 Coral Reef Habitat Around New
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Page 178 and 179: 18-45 New Insights Into The Exposur
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Oral Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeochemi
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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Oral Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling Co
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21-9 Integrated Economic Valuation
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21-19 Towards Local Fishers Partici
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21-27 The Political Aspects Of Resi
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21-37 Exploitation And Trade Of Cor
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22-1 Complex Ecological Effects Of
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22-9 Comparative Evaluation Of Reef
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22-17 Managing Fishing Gear To Enco
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22-25 Estimating Harvest Pressure O
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22-33 Are The Coral Reef Finfish Fi
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22-41 Using Length-Frequency Data T
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22-50 Changes in Ecosystem Structur
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23-5 Measuring Success in Managing
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23-13 Some Hints About The Impacts
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23-21 Fishery Management For Artisa
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23-29 “To Live With The Sea”; D
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23-37 Challenges Facing An Mpa Mana
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23-45 Assessing Global Coral Reef M
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23-53 Developing A Model For Ecosys
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23-61 Mitigating The Effects Of Cor
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23-69 Restore Or Not To Restore? Vl
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24-1 Fates Of Restored Acropora Pal
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24-9 Sponge-Mediated Coral Reef Res
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24-17 Coral Community Restorations
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24-25 Development Of A Coral Nurser
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24-33 Transplantation of Porites lu
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24-41 Scleractinian Coral Relocatio
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24-50 Gametogenesis in Cultured Ver
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Oral Mini-Symposium 25: Predicting
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Oral Mini-Symposium 26: Biodiversit
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26-54 Gene Genealogies Reveal Phylo
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Poster Session
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1.13 Depth-Related Patterns of Infa
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1.20 Grain Size And Sedimentary Con
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1.3 Environmental Effects On Back-R
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Poster Mini-Symposium 2: Biotic Res
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Poster Mini-Symposium 3: Calcificat
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Poster Mini-Symposium 4: Coral Reef
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Poster Mini-Symposium 5: Functional
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Poster Mini-Symposium 6: Ecological
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7.162 Disease Ecology And Local Pat
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7.170 Coralline Algal Disease in Th
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7.179 Physiological Effects Of Aspe
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7.187 Characterizing Surface Microo
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7.195 How Quickly Does gorgonia Ven
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7.203 Spatial and temporal variabil
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8.210 Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Act
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8.218 Bacterial Communities Associa
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8.226 Bacterial Growth On Coral Muc
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8.234 Functional Diversity of Micro
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8.242 Microbial Community Profile O
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9.248 Chemistry And Ecology Of A Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 10: Ecologica
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Poster Mini-Symposium 11: From Mole
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12.413 Spatial Patterns Of Stony Co
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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Poster Mini-Symposium 13: Evolution
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14.432 Gene flow of Symbiodinium on
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14.441 Population Genetics Of Spott
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14.449 Mitochondrial Phylogeography
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14.457 Undirect Evidences On The Co
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14.466 South East African, High-Lat
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14.474 Population Genetic Structure
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14.483 Influences Of Wind-Wave Expo
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14.491 Distributions And Diversity
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14.499 Do Mangroves And Seagrass Be
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14.507 Genetic variation of the hyd
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 15: Progress
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Poster Mini-Symposium 16: Ecosystem
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Poster Mini-Symposium 17: Emerging
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18.599 A Palaeoecological Perspecti
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18.607 Susceptibility Of Corals To
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18.616 Coral Reefs in Costa Rican C
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18.624 Environmental Endocrine Disr
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18.633 Northern Acehnese Coral Reef
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18.641 The Status Of Coral Reefs in
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18.649 The Effects of Increased Sea
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18.658 “Changing Times, Changing
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18.666 Assessing Land Based Inputs
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18.674 Monitoring Of Coral Recovery
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18.682 Seasonal Investigation On St
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18.690 Assessment Of The Coral Reef
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18.698 Distribution Of Seagrasses i
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18.706 Coral Reef Monitoring in the
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18.714 Pacific-Wide Status Of The R
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18.722 Quantitative Underwater Ecol
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18.730 Community Structure Of Reef
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18.738 Morphological Variation In T
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18.746 Decade-Long (1998-2007) Tren
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18.755 Coral Community Composition
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18.763 Changes in Coral Reef Ecosys
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18.771 Bathymetric Distribution Of
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Poster Mini-Symposium 19: Biogeoche
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Poster Mini-Symposium 20: Modeling
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21.807 The Recreational Value Of Co
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21.815 Dilemma in Coral Conservatio
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22.821 Estimating Populations Of Tw
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22.829 Commercial Topshell, trochus
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22.837 Trajectories Of Ecosystem Ch
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22.845 Ornamental Fish Trade in The
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22.854 Short-Term Recovery Of Explo
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22.863 Marine Protected Areas: Boon
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22.871 Rotary Time-Lapse Photograph
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22.879 Assessing And Mapping The Di
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22.887 Spatial Variations in Elemen
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23.1004 Coral Reef Conservation Cam
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23.1014 Second And Third Order Mana
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23.1023 Why do Divers Dive Where Th
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23.1031 The Colonial Tunicate tridi
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23.1039 Effectiveness Of A Small Mp
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23.893 Man Made Stress Reliever? An
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23.901 Reef Monitoring Project For
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23.909 Patterns Of Spatial Variabil
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23.917 Culture And Updated Traditio
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23.925 Scientific Monitoring And Cu
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23.934 Characterizing Local Stakeho
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23.942 Challenges in Coral Reef Man
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23.951 Coral Reef-Based Tourism And
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23.959 Marine Protected Area Report
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23.967 Reef Watch Monitoring And Ho
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23.975 A Comparison Of The Permanen
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23.984 Damselfish Embryo Assay: Fie
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23.992 The Decline Of Coral Reef Co
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24.1043 Characteristics Of Seagrass
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24.1051 Mass Culture Of acropora Co
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24.1059 Identifying Sediment-Tolera
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24.1067 Growth Of Newly Settled Ree
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24.1076 Herbivore Effects On Coral
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24.1084 Coral Reefs Conservation Pr
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24.1092 Lessons Learned On Demonstr
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24.1100 Proceedings in Shipgroundin
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24.1108 Restoring An Artificial "En
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24.1116 A Newly Established Coral R
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24.1124 Is The Scale Of Your Coral
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Poster Mini-Symposium 25: Predictin
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Memo ..............................
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Authors INDEX Author Session Page A
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