SİBEL AYATA YEME BOZUKLUĞU

WHAT IS EATING
DISORDERS AND HOW DO
IT AFFECT OUR LIVES?

What is Eating Disorder?
• Everything in our daily life affects our diet. Some people overeat when stressed, while
others do not want to eat anything. After each living thing reacts differently to events,
changes are observed in its nutrition. Although such changes are the situation, we all
experience, they cause eating disorders in most people. Eating disorder is defined as the
set of cases that lead to insufficient or excessive food consumption due to a disorder
arising from the mental or emotional state of the individual. Eating disorder is a common
disorder that causes significant problems, and individuals who have negative eating habits
that endanger their health. Although it can occur in both men and women, it is more
common in women. In general, fear of obesity, easier access to food and giving
importance to physical appearance led to malnutrition.

What are the Symptoms of Eating Disorder?
Eating disorder symptoms are
seen in different symptoms. The
most common of these are:
• The person suddenly starts to overeat
or cuts down on eating,
• Vomiting after meals
• Heavy exercise after meals.

What Are Eating Disorder Risk Factors?
Individual risk
factors
early ripening
being fat
Desire to be liked
(In Dating-
Relationship
Situations)
Worry about being
overweight
low self esteem
perfectionism

What are the
Types of Eating
Disorders?
• There are three most common
types of eating disorders.
• anorexia nervosa
• Bulimia nervosa
• 3) Binge Eating Disorder

1) What is Anorexia Nervosa?
• Anorexia nervosa is the name given to a nutritional disorder characterized by abnormally
low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of weight. It
is also known as anorexia or anorexia . Individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa
strive to make advanced changes in their own lives in order to control their weight and
body shape. Individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa generally make significant
restrictions on the foods they eat in order to prevent weight gain or maintain weight loss.
They may vomit after eating or abuse tools such as laxatives, diet pills, diuretics, or
enemas to control the caloric intake the body needs. In addition, there are efforts to lose
weight by exercising excessively. For individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa, the
amount of weight they lose is not enough and they continue to be afraid of gaining
weight. It is extremely unhealthy and life-threatening.

What Causes Anorexia Nervosa?
Anorexia nervosa is the name given to a
nutritional disorder characterized by
abnormally low body weight, intense fear of
gaining weight, and a distorted perception of
weight. It is also known
as anorexia or anorexia . Individuals
suffering from anorexia nervosa strive to
make advanced changes in their own lives in
order to control their weight and body
shape. Individuals suffering from anorexia
nervosa generally make significant
restrictions on the foods they eat in order to
prevent weight gain or maintain weight loss.
They may vomit after eating or abuse tools
such as laxatives, diet pills, diuretics, or
enemas to control the caloric intake the
body needs. In addition, there are efforts to
lose weight by exercising excessively. For
individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa,
the amount of weight they lose is not
enough and they continue to be afraid of
gaining weight. It is extremely unhealthy and
life-threatening.

Physical signs and symptoms of
anorexia nervosa:
• Abnormal blood values, teeth worn due to vomiting, joints that
look calloused, excessive weight loss or absence of expected
developmental weight gain, dizziness or fainting, dehydration,
low blood pressure, irregular heart rhythms, thinning, breaking or
falling hair, constipation and abdominal pain , amenorrhea in
women, swelling in the arms or legs, dry or yellowish skin, bluish
discoloration of the fingers, colds, insomnia, soft hair surrounding
the body, fatigue and a weak, thin appearance can be counted.

In addition to these, emotional and behavioral
signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa
include;
Denying hunger or making
excuses not to eat
Not wanting to eat around
other people
Decreased interest in sex
appearing emotionless
Don't cover yourself by
dressing in layers
Constantly being weighed
or measured for fear of
gaining weight
Don't lie about how much
you eat
Irritability
Don't complain about
having fat limbs
Frequent self-checks in the
mirror for imperfections
perceived as signs of
obesity
Frequent skipping or
refusal to eat
social withdrawal
Insomnia
Identifying only a few types
of foods that are generally
low in fat and calories as
safe foods and not eating
other foods,
Adopting feeding rituals,
such as spitting out after
chewing food without
swallowing
Obsession with food and
refusal to eat even when
cooking very complex can
be observed.

2) What is Bulimia Nervosa?
• Bulimia patients often eat in secret, in large quantities, uncontrollably and uncontrollably.
Due to this unbalanced diet, unhealthy ways are chosen to get rid of the calories taken.
For example, he may choose to vomit regularly after overfeeding, or he may
unnecessarily take advantage of and abuse laxatives, weight loss supplements, diuretics,
or enemas. In addition to or independently of these, there have been cases where
alternative ways such as fasting, strict dieting or excessive exercise, which are thought to
prevent weight gain, are used. Individuals with bulimia often take an obsessive approach
to their own weight and body shape. The individual may approach himself with a serious
and harsh prejudice for the flaws he thinks he has.

What Kind of Complications Does Bulimia Nervosa Cause?
• lack of self-esteem
• Problems with relationships and social functioning
• menstrual period irregularities
• Alcohol or drug use
• Anxiety, depression, various personality disorders or
bipolar disorder
• heart problems such as arrhythmia or heart failure
• self-harm
• Medical problems related to malnutrition such as
dehydration, kidney failure
• Tooth decay or gum disease
• Suicidal thoughts or attempting suicide
• digestive problems

How to Prevent
Bulimia Nervosa?
• There is no surefire way to prevent it, but it
is very important that parents establish a healthy
and realistic body image thinking for their
children in the first place. Because, regardless of
their body size or shape, they should be
supported that they have many aspects that they
need to trust themselves, apart from their
appearance. Issues such as weight in the family
should not be mentioned all the time, and instead
of being critical, we should consider healthy
eating. We need to be aware that fasting too
often, drugs that provide weight loss, and such
methods will negatively affect us both mentally
and physically. We should pay attention to eating
at the tables with regular hours, avoiding stress
and tension.

What Are the
Symptoms of
Bulimia
Nervosa?
• Being constantly preoccupied with the shape and weight
of his body,
• Living in constant fear of gaining weight
• Fasting between episodes of overeating, restricting
calories, or avoiding certain and essential food groups
altogether
• Feeling out of control during overeating, meaning that she
cannot stop eating or control what she eats.
• Forcing himself to vomit or exercising too much to
prevent weight gain after overeating,
• Trying to empty the digestive system before digestion is
completed by using laxatives, diuretics or enemas after
unnecessary feeding,
• Eating abnormally large amounts of food repeatedly at
each meal
• This includes overusing dietary supplements or herbal
products that are claimed to aid weight loss.

3) Binge Eating Disorder
Although binge eating disorder is
undeniably common, it is still a condition
unknown to many. In short, it starts with
creating a strong desire to eat in his body
by thinking about the foods that he
deprived himself of during the day. While
each meal consumed brings a feeling of
extreme relaxation and well-being, it
turns into an unstoppable state, creating
episodes of binge eating, and ends with a
feeling of guilt when the meal ends. The
foods that are generally consumed are
processed or packaged foods such as
chocolate, cake, cookies, which are high
in sugar and fat, that is, foods that are
easy to eat and do not require preparation.
Another important point is that their
eating speed is extremely fast, and they
swallow almost without chewing or they
consume large amounts of liquid to
swallow.

Emotional
Symptoms of Binge
Eating Disorder
• Believing that you can relieve your
stress and tension by just eating at
that moment
• Not feeling like you are there while
eating, binge eating without
emotion and thought
• never be satisfied no matter how
much one eats
• Guilty, depressed, disgusted
• Difficulty controlling weight and
eating habits

Treatment Methods for Eating
Disorders
• Psychotherapy
• Psychotherapy, also known as speech therapy or
counseling, involves a discussion with a mental health
professional by talking to him about his or her distress.
Cognitive behavioral therapy helps the individual to
normalize his eating habits as well as to identify unhealthy
or negative beliefs and behaviors and replace them with
healthy and positive ones. In the family-based therapy
treatment process, it helps parents to control their own
nutrition, as well as to stop the unhealthy eating behaviors
of their young people. Interpersonal psychotherapy, on the
other hand, helps to develop both mutual communication
and problem-solving skills by addressing the difficulties in
the individual's close relationships.

Medicines
• When used with psychotherapy and in line
with the doctor's advice, antidepressants can
help reduce eating disorders in many cases.
To treat eating disorders, drugs such as
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are
commonly used, again only with the advice of
a doctor and according to the severity of the
case.

Nutrition
Education
An expert dietitian can design a meal
plan that will help the individual
acquire healthy eating habits in order
to both avoid hunger and manage the
feelings of cravings for various
unhealthy foods. In order for a sick
individual to overcome an eating
disorder, it is of great importance
that his eating habits are settled in a
certain order and that he does not
restrict his food intake.

Alternative medicine
• Dietary supplements and herbal
products specifically designed to
suppress appetite or aid weight loss
should never be used without a doctor's
advice. One reason is that such products
can be misused by individuals with
eating disorders to their own detriment.
A second reason is that weight loss
supplements or herbal products can
interact dangerously with other
medications, causing serious side effects
that endanger human health. It should
be noted that natural does not always
mean safe.

REFERENCES
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Çalışmalar, Müdahale, Değerlendirme Ve Tedavi . Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca
Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi , (20) , 21-27 . Retrieved from
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deubefd/issue/25440/268418
• Godt, K. (2002). Personality disorders and eating disorders: the prevalence of personality disorders in
176 female outpatients with eating disorders. European Eating Disorders Review, 10, 102-109.
• Tozzi, F., Sullivan, P.F., Fear, J.L., McKenzie, J., Bulik, C.M. Causes And Recovery in Aneroxia Nervosa:
The Patients Perspective. İnternational Journal of Eating Disorders 2003:
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• Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği, Mental Bozukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El kitabı (DSM IV) (Çev. Ed: E.
Köroğlu). Hekimler Yayın Birliği. Ankara 1994.