Water Quality in Slovenia - Agencija RS za okolje

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44 2.4.3 W A T E R Q U A L I T Y I N S L O V E N I A Quality of Freshwater needing Protection or Improvement in order to support Fish Life The consequence of great natural diversity and relatively clean waters in Slovenia is a great variety of aquatic life. In the Slovenian rivers, around 40 species of fish live in the Adriatic and over 70 fish species in the Danube river basin. Specific conditions in rivers, like temperature, flow rate, hydromorphological characteristics, as well as physico-chemical elements change significantly in the river bed from its spring to its outfall into the sea. The conditions influence on the composition of the fish population as well. Slovenia is one of the rare countries in the world where the rivers are clean enough to provide living conditions for numerous salmonid fish species, such as marble (Soča trout), brown and brook trout, the Danube salmon and grayling. In Slovenia, all together 22 freshwater sections, important for the life of fish species were determined in 2005. Among them, 13 were designated as salmonid and 9 as cyprinid waters (55). Salmonid waters should provide living conditions for the salmonid fish species, like trouts, graylings and Danube salmons and cyprinid waters for the cyprinid fish species like carps, pikes, perches, etc. The purpose of the fish water designations is the protection or improvement of the water quality, which provides living conditions for freshwater fish species. Since 2003, the Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia has been monitoring water quality in the above-mentioned sections in compliance with national regulations (54, 56, 57). These regulations transpose Directive 78/658/EEC on the quality of fresh waters needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life, which was codified with the Directive 2006/44/ES (58). The aim of this Directive is to protect or improve the quality of those running or standing fresh waters that support, or which, if pollution were reduced or eliminated, would become capable of supporting fish belonging to indigenous species and species the presence of which is judged desirable for water management purposes. For their life and growth, fish require good living conditions, including good water quality. Too low or too high temperatures, too high concentrations of ammonia, chlorine, nitrite, oxygen deficiency and toxic substances in water primarily endanger the life of fish. In the monitoring of water quality needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life, the parameters that provide optimal living conditions for the fishes, are included. In compliance with the Decree on the quality of fresh waters supporting fish life (56), temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD ), concentration of phosphorus, 5 nitrite, ammonia, ammonium, total residual chlorine, total zinc and dissolved copper are evaluated in the water samples, collected at all monitoring sites of the salmonid and cyprinid waters. The samples are collected and analysed monthly. Sava, Otoče Vipava, Miren
S U R F A C E W A T E R S Compliant to the regulations, the quality of fresh water needed for the life of fish species is evaluated for each year individually, according to the mandatory and guide values for salmonid and cyprinid waters, specified in Table 10. Only the results of the samples collected in exceptional natural conditions are excluded. The mandatory or guide values of salmonid and cyprinid waters are not exceeded, if the measurements of the samples collected within the minimum frequency of a one-year period shows that: • 95% of samples do not exceed the mandatory or guide values for the parameters pH, BOD , non- 5 ionized ammonia, total ammonium, nitrite, total residual chlorine, total zinc and dissolved copper; when the sampling frequency is lower than one sample per month, both the abovementioned values and comments shall be respected for all the samples, • the percentage of samples pertaining to the ‘dissolved oxygen’ parameter, as listed in Table 10, is not lower than the mandatory or guide values, • the average concentration defined for the ‘suspended solids’, does not exceed the mandatory or guide values. Salmonid or cyprinid water is of not compliant quality and is considered over polluted if the results, according to the above-mentioned evaluation show that the mandatory values have been exceeded. Table 10: Mandatory and guide values for salmonid and cyprinid waters Parameter Expressed as Unit Dissolved oxygen (1) O 2 mg/L pH Salmonid waters Cyprinid waters Guide value 50% ≥ 9 100% ≥ 7 Mandatory value 50% ≥ 9 100% ≥ 6 6 - 9 ∆± 0.5 (2) Guide value 50% ≥ 8 100% ≥ 5 Mandatory value 50% ≥ 7 100% ≥ 4 6 - 9 ∆± 0.5 (2) Suspended solids mg/L ≤ 25 ≤ 25 BOD5 O2 mg/L ≤ 3 ≤ 6 Total phosphorus PO4 mg/L ≤ 0.2 ≤ 0.4 Nitrite NO2 mg/L ≤ 0.01 ≤ 0.03 Ammonia NH3 mg/L ≤ 0.005 ≤ 0.025 ≤ 0.005 ≤ 0.025 Ammonium NH4 mg/L ≤ 0.04 ≤ 1 ≤ 0.2 ≤ 1 Total residual chlorine HOCl mg/L ≤ 0.005 ≤ 0.005 Total zinc (3) , Zn mg/L 0.3 1.0 Dissolved copper (3) , Cu mg/L 0.04 0.04 (1) The percentage represents the number of samples collected in a one-year period (2) Artificially induced pH changes must not exceed ± 0.5 (3) The values coresponded to water hardness of 100 mg/L CaCO3 The quality of salmonid and cyprinid waters in 2006 is shown in Map 9. In salmonid water sections, the mandatory values were not exceeded at any monitoring sites; in cyprinid water sections, a not compliant quality of the Dragonja at Podkaštel was determined due to too low oxygen concentration in one sample. The assessment of the salmonid and cyprinid water sections quality in the years 2003 to 2006 is presented in Table 11; not compliant parameters are shown in Table 12. 45
Page 1: Water Quality in Slovenia
Page 4 and 5: ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY OF THE REPUBLI
Page 7 and 8: Preface In recent years, people oft
Page 9: Contents PREFACE ..................
Page 12 and 13: 10 W A T E R Q U A L I T Y I N S L
Page 15 and 16: 2 Surface Waters 2.1 2.1.1 Quality
Page 17 and 18: Ledava, Čentiba Mura, Mota S U R F
Page 19 and 20: S U R F A C E W A T E R S Exceeded
Page 21 and 22: S U R F A C E W A T E R S In Table
Page 23 and 24: S U R F A C E W A T E R S RIVER Mon
Page 25 and 26: Map 2: Saprobic quality evaluation
Page 27 and 28: S U R F A C E W A T E R S Chart 6:
Page 29 and 30: Lake Bohinj Table 5: List of water
Page 31 and 32: S U R F A C E W A T E R S In the ye
Page 33 and 34: Lake Bled S U R F A C E W A T E R S
Page 35 and 36: S U R F A C E W A T E R S Table 8:
Page 37 and 38: S U R F A C E W A T E R S species a
Page 39 and 40: ��
Page 41 and 42: S U R F A C E W A T E R S Map 5: Cl
Page 43 and 44: Soča, Čezsoča Nadiža, Robič Ba
Page 45: Map 7: Quality of bathing waters in
Page 49 and 50: S U R F A C E W A T E R S Table 12:
Page 51 and 52: 2.4.4 Quality of Shellfish Waters S
Page 53: Strunjan S U R F A C E W A T E R S
Page 58 and 59: 56 3.2 W A T E R Q U A L I T Y I N
Page 64 and 65: 62 3.3 W A T E R Q U A L I T Y I N
Page 67 and 68: 4 Guidelines for Future Work - Wate
Page 69 and 70: 5 References 1. Directive 2000/60/E
Page 71 and 72: R E F E R E N C E S 55. Pravilnik o
Page 73 and 74: G L O S S A R Y O F T E R M S Hydro

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