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Navel Orangeworm Rejects on the Rise Double down on almond IPM, starting with winter sanitation, to reduce damage. By VICKY BOYD | Contributing Writer Timely harvests are part of a navel orangeworm integrated management program. The end use, whether for meats or for in-shell, also will affect harvest timing (photo by V. Boyd.) While the amount of Nonpareil almond rejects due to navel orangeworm (NOW) damage varies from season to season, Blue Diamond Growers has noted a concerning uptick over the past 10-plus years. With the upward trend comes opportunity losses from reduced or no grower premiums. University of California Cooperative Extension farm advisors and Blue Diamond staff point to not one, but a combination of factors that likely are responsible for the increasing rejects. “It’s hard to say exactly what’s going on,” said Jhalendra Rijal, UCCE IPM advisor for Stanislaus, San Joaquin and Merced counties. “It could be multiple factors at play.” Among potential contributors are drought conditions, larger nut crop acreage that provides increased continuous hosts, the availability and cost of polling crews for winter sanitation, and pesticide resistance. As a result, Extension and industry representatives recommend growers double down on their IPM practices, which start with foundational winter sanitation. Proper timing of the other IPM practices is also crucial, whether it is hanging monitoring traps in the spring, putting out mating disruption dispensers, applying hull split sprays or harvesting. Rejects Up in 2021 So far this season, Nonpareil overall reject levels are running about 1.75%, second only to the “train wreck” of 2017 and 2018, said Mel Machado, Blue Diamond vice president Complete Walnut and Pecan Hulling And Drying Systems 209-754-9636 3474 Toyon Circle, Suite 333 Valley Springs, CA 95252 of member relations. In the past, about 80% of the rejects could be attributed to NOW damage. But that’s not the case anymore. While NOW still comprises the bulk of the rejects at 53%, he said other problems, such as brown hole, are on the rise. “NOW is still the primary problem out there, but primary is a relative term,” Machado said. Rather than looking at average reject levels, he said he prefers to look at how much of the crop goes into the co-op’s quality programs. The navel orangeworm moth itself does not feed on almonds. Females lay eggs on mummy nuts or on nuts after hull split begins. After they hatch, first-instar larvae bore into the nut meat (photo courtesy USDA-ARS.) Based on the amount of the Blue Diamond crop run as of late October, about one-third failed to make grade and was considered standard. Broken down, the northern production area was running 38%, the central 25.7% and the south 44%. “That’s stunning, 44%,” Machado said. “Even in 2017, it was 37%.” When Machado compared the crop going for meats to that destined for in-shell, the differences were glaring. Only 12% of in-shell failed to make grade. He attributed it to varieties that have tighter seals, making them less susceptible to NOW. Growers also are more aware of reject levels for the in-shell market and manage accordingly. The Foundation: Winter Sanitation At the heart of NOW management is winter sanitation, which not only removes mummies in which larvae overwinter but also eliminates egg laying sites for the first NOW flight in the spring. Franz Niederholzer, UCCE farm advisor for Colusa, Sutter and Yuba counties, recommended surveying orchards for mummies on or before Jan. 15. Count the mummies on 20 representative trees and average the results. This should be done for each variety, regardless of shell thickness or seal, Continued on Page 8 6 West Coast Nut <strong>Dec</strong>ember 2021
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Page 12 and 13: View from the Top ‘The Role of th
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Page 24 and 25: WEIGHING IN ON ALMOND PROFITABILITY
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Page 40 and 41: Jeff Bowman at Grimbleby Coleman CP
Page 42 and 43: Almond Pollination 2022: Economic O
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Demand for strong hives to cover al
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Continued from Page 64 some growers
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What It Could Mean for Californians
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Interested in organic articles? SUB
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Continued from Page 71 Fillmore sai
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A WORD FROM THE BOARD: THE CALIFORN
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JOSEPH JACKSON ON “DOING WHAT MAT
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California Legislative Recap for 20
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Continued from Page 78 and maintain
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APC’s newly-introduced quarterly
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GET AHEAD OF FIRE ANTS TREAT NOW WI
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DAY 2 CE TRACK WORKSHOPS 8:00 AM 8:
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