WCN Dec e

Continued from Page 35
When sampling for walnut blight, select dormant
spurs with terminal buds from several trees interspersed
in an orchard (photo courtesy UC IPM.)
improving water distribution, removing
impediments to harvest operations
and removing habitat for vertebrate
pests, insects, mites, nematodes and
diseases.
December and January offer ideal
opportunities for growers to come in
with long-residual preemergence herbicides
that will be worked into soil with
winter rains. “If rains do not come after
application, you may need to water
in your preemergent herbicide if your
irrigation system and water availability
allow it,” Milliron said.
The treatment regime will depend
on a variety of factors, according to the
UC Davis Integrated Weed Management
guidelines, including soil type.
Different soil textures and organic matter
tend to influence the types of weeds
present and can factor into control
tactics. On light-textured soils, annual
species such as puncturevine, crabgrass
and horseweed, and perennial species
such as johnsongrass, nutsedge and
bermudagrass, are more common. Perennial
weeds, such as curly dock and
field bindweed, are more common on
heavier soils.
When devising control strategies,
it is important to remember that clay
or clay loam soils often require higher
rates of preemergence herbicides to
achieve the same level of weed control
than in light, sandy soils. Good herbicide-to-soil
contact also is important
for a successful herbicide application,
so it is important to keep orchard
floors and berms clean by removing
leaves and other debris before treatment.
Hanson provided a list of several
preemergence and postemergence herbicides
that could have a fit in different
orchards, depending on weeds targeted,
soil textures and other factors. The list
includes indaziflam (Alion), penoxsulam
(PindarGT) and flumioxazin (Chateau
and others). Products that typically
work well in tank mixes include
pendimethalin (Prowl H20 and others),
rimsulfuron (Matrix and others), flazasulfuron
(Mission) and oxyfluorfen
(Goal, GoalTender and others).
“I usually think of those first three
as the heavy hitters in this market,”
Hanson said. “But good programs can
be built for specific sites out of many of
them in various combinations.”
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36 West Coast Nut December 2021