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Post-translational modifications of the transcription co-activator NPR1 regulate plant immunity Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant immune response effective against a broad-spectrum of pathogens. Activation of SAR is associated with dramatic transcription reprogramming of over 2,200 genes to prioritize defense responses over normal cellular functions. The transcription co-activator NPR1 directly or indirectly controls the expression of most of these genes. In the cytoplasm of resting cells, NPR1 forms an oligomer through redox-sensitive intermolecular disulfide bonds. Upon induction of SAR, changes in cellular redox result in the release of NPR1 monomers, which translocate to the nucleus and modulate gene transcription. To gain a better understanding of transcriptional regulation in SAR, we investigated pathogen-induced changes in the equilibrium between NPR1 oligomer/monomer conformations and studied the behavior of NPR1 in the nucleus. We found that distinct post-translational modifications of NPR1 control its activity. In the cytoplasm, S-nitrosylation of NPR1, a process in which nitric oxide is covalently attached to a cysteine thiol, promotes oligomer formation, while thioredoxins (TRX) facilitate the opposite oligomer-to-monomer reaction. Moreover, in the nucleus NPR1 activity is regulated by cycles of sitespecific phosphorylation coupled to ubiquitin-mediated degradation by the proteasome. Degradation not only restricted the activity of NPR1 in the absence of pathogen threat, it surprisingly also played a critical role in promoting coactivator activity upon induction of SAR. The intimate interplay between different post-translational modifications and their dynamic effects on NPR1 activity will be fundamental to our discussion of regulatory mechanisms that govern plant immune responses. 78 C27 Thursday 15:15 - 15:30 Plant Defence Steven Spoel1 Yasuomi Tada2 Zhonglin Mou3 Natalie Spivey4 Xinnian Dong4 1Biology Department Duke University USA (Present address: Institute for Molecular Plant Science University of <strong>Edinburgh</strong> UK) 2Biology Department Duke University USA (Present address: Life Science Research Center Kagawa University Japan) 3Department of Microbiology and Cell Science University of Florida USA 4Biology Department Duke University USA
New classes of proteins forming complexes with resistance proteins Resistance (R) proteins directly or indirectly recognize cognate pathogen effectors, thereby activating effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Two types of proteins have been reported to form complexes with the NB-LRR class of R proteins before R proteins are activated by the effectors: chaperone-type proteins such as RAR1 and SGT1; and protein targets (or decoys) of the effectors, such as RIN4. We used a biotin affinity-purification tag to purify R protein complexes (Qi and Katagiri, Plant J. 57, 932 (2009)) and identified new classes of candidate proteins forming complexes with the NB-LRR proteins RPS2 and/or RPM1 before R protein activation. One class consists of the hypersensitive response-induced reaction (HIR) proteins, which is characterized by the stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflK/C (SPFH) domain motif. A close physical association between RPS2 and a HIR protein was confirmed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) after transiently expressing RPS2::CFP and HIR::YFP in N. benthamiana. In addition, HIR proteins make homo- and hetero- HIR protein complexes. As HIR proteins are localized in lipid rafts in the plasma membrane, RPS2 may also be localized in lipid rafts prior to activation. We will report other classes of proteins in resistance protein complexes in addition to the HIR proteins. 79 C28 Thursday 15:30 - 15:45 Plant Defence Yiping Qi Fumiaki Katagiri Dept of Plant Biology Microbial and Plant Genomics Inst Univ of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
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20 th International Conference on A
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Organising & Scientific Committee D
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At a Glance Programme Tuesday 30 th
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ICAR 2009 Programme Wednesday 1 st
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ICAR 2009 Programme Wednesday 1 st
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ICAR 2009 Programme Thursday 2 nd J
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ICAR 2009 Programme Saturday 4 th J
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ICAR Supporters ICAR 2009 gratefull
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of the conference. Hard copies of t
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Local Information Welcome to Edinbu
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Keynote Speakers Professor David Ba
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Mechanism and function of active DN
Page 30 and 31: DNA methylation and transgeneration
Page 32 and 33: Architecture from stem cell centred
Page 34 and 35: The responses of stomata to environ
Page 36 and 37: Low oxygen stress: What is more imp
Page 38 and 39: Effectors affect distal effects; pl
Page 40 and 41: Genome-wide association study of 10
Page 42 and 43: Predicting flowering time in changi
Page 44 and 45: Cellular dynamics in plant immunity
Page 46 and 47: Timing is everything: exploring lin
Page 48 and 49: Regulation of shade avoidance by a
Page 50 and 51: Systems analysis of the diurnal reg
Page 53 and 54: Concurrent Abstracts 51
Page 55 and 56: Uniparental expression of PolIV-dep
Page 57 and 58: The circadian clock controls carboh
Page 59 and 60: Local-scale population structure an
Page 61 and 62: Identification of CO 2 -binding pro
Page 63 and 64: Towards a spatiotemporal understand
Page 65 and 66: Sequencing across the genome-phenom
Page 67 and 68: EZ-Rhizo: New software for fast and
Page 69 and 70: Evidence of neutral transcriptome e
Page 71 and 72: Signalling modules controlling the
Page 73 and 74: Asymmetry, pattern and renewal in A
Page 75 and 76: Leaf size is regulated by a cell-au
Page 77 and 78: Using pathogen effectors to underst
Page 79: Endocytic trafficking: New players
Page 83 and 84: Untangling transcriptional regulato
Page 85 and 86: Cytokinin signaling: Two-components
Page 87 and 88: Dynamic, auxin-responsive plasma me
Page 89 and 90: A level-set model of leaf form deve
Page 91 and 92: Modelling cell division in the Arab
Page 93 and 94: A systems biology approach to under
Page 95 and 96: Arabidopsis as a model for cell wal
Page 97 and 98: Exploiting model species to increas
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Page 102 and 103: Epigenetic regulation of cartenoid
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Page 106 and 107: Resetting and regulation of Floweri
Page 108 and 109: Functional redundancy and spatial e
Page 110 and 111: Dynamic interactions of vernalizati
Page 112 and 113: Analysis of the Arabidopsis AtMYB60
Page 114 and 115: The early bird 1 reveals a new cog
Page 116 and 117: Posttranslational modifications of
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Page 120 and 121: Shedding light upon the plant circa
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Descriptions and Programmes Tuesday
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Thursday 2 nd July 16:30 - 18:00 1
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Saturday 4 th July 16:30 - 18:00 1
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Exhibition The ICAR 2009 Exhibition
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Stand 1 Journal of Experimental Bot
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Stand 10 Agrisera Agrisera is a Swe
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Notes 140
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