chapter 2 palladium catalysts in suzuki cross- coupling reaction
chapter 2 palladium catalysts in suzuki cross- coupling reaction
chapter 2 palladium catalysts in suzuki cross- coupling reaction
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix<br />
LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................xii<br />
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... H1<br />
CHAPTER 2. PALLADIUM CATALYSTS IN SUZUKI CROSS-COUPLING<br />
REACTION ................................................................................................ H3<br />
2.1. Palladium Metals as Catalysts <strong>in</strong> Organic Syntheses ............................. H4<br />
2.1.1. Palladium as a Transition Metal ....................................................... H4<br />
2.1.2. The Coord<strong>in</strong>ation Geometry of Organo<strong>palladium</strong> Compounds ....... H5<br />
2.1.3. The Characteristic Features of Pd and Pd-C Bonds.......................... H5<br />
2.1.4. Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupl<strong>in</strong>g Reactions.............................. H6<br />
2.2. The Suzuki Reactions ............................................................................. H8<br />
2.2.1. Mechanism of Suzuki Coupl<strong>in</strong>g Reactions....................................... H9<br />
2.2.1.1. Oxidative Addition .................................................................. H9<br />
2.2.1.2. Transmetallation .................................................................... H10<br />
2.2.1.3. Reductive Elim<strong>in</strong>ation ........................................................... H11<br />
2.2.2. Reaction Conditions Affect<strong>in</strong>g the Suzuki Reactions..................... H12<br />
2.2.2.1. Substrate Effect...................................................................... H12<br />
2.2.2.2. Halogen Effect ....................................................................... H13<br />
2.2.2.3. Ligand Effect ......................................................................... H13<br />
2.2.2.4. Base Effect............................................................................. H18<br />
2.2.2.5. Additive Effect....................................................................... H19<br />
2.2.2.6. Solvent and Temperature Effects........................................... H20<br />
2.2.2.7. Pressure and Microwave Heat<strong>in</strong>g Effects.............................. H20<br />
CHAPTER 3. THE HETEROGENEOUS SUZUKI CROSS-COUPLING<br />
REACTIONS............................................................................................ H22<br />
3.1. The Immobilization to Liquid Phase .................................................... H23<br />
3.2. The Immobilization to Insoluble Support............................................. H26<br />
3.2.1. Attachment to Polymer Supports.................................................... H27<br />
vi