chapter 2 palladium catalysts in suzuki cross- coupling reaction
chapter 2 palladium catalysts in suzuki cross- coupling reaction
chapter 2 palladium catalysts in suzuki cross- coupling reaction
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prepare and to handle. These advantages make <strong>palladium</strong>, among the transition metals,<br />
arguably the most versatile and the most widely applied catalytic metal <strong>in</strong> the field of<br />
f<strong>in</strong>e chemicals (Tsuji 1995).<br />
2.1.4. Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupl<strong>in</strong>g Reactions<br />
Commonly utilized <strong>palladium</strong>-catalyzed <strong>cross</strong>-coupl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>reaction</strong>s are depicted <strong>in</strong><br />
Figure 2.2. (Nicolaou et al. 2005).<br />
H<br />
R 1<br />
R 1<br />
R 1<br />
1. Heck Reaction:<br />
R 3<br />
R 2<br />
+<br />
2. Stille Reaction:<br />
SnR 3<br />
+<br />
3. Suzuki Reaction:<br />
BY 2<br />
+<br />
R 4<br />
X<br />
R 4 = aryl,benzyl,v<strong>in</strong>yl<br />
X= Cl, Br, I, OTf<br />
R 2<br />
X<br />
cat. [Pd0Ln] base<br />
R 4<br />
R 1<br />
R 3<br />
cat. [Pd 0 L n] R 1 R 2<br />
R 1 = alkyl, alkynyl, aryl, v<strong>in</strong>yl<br />
R 2 = acyl, alkynyl, allyl, aryl, benzyl, v<strong>in</strong>yl<br />
X= Br, Cl, I, OAc, OP(=O)(OR) 2, OTf<br />
R 2<br />
X<br />
cat. [Pd0Ln] R1 base<br />
R 1 = alkyl, alkynyl, aryl, v<strong>in</strong>yl<br />
R 2 = alkyl, alkynyl, aryl, benzyl, v<strong>in</strong>yl<br />
X= Br, Cl, I, OP(=O)(OR) 2, OTf, OTs<br />
R 2<br />
R 2<br />
6