202 FRIB Graduate Brochure
Betty Tsang Professor Keywords: Equation of State, Neutron Stars, Time Projection Chamber Experimental Nuclear Physics About • BS, Mathematics, California State College, 1973 • MS, Chemistry, University of Washington, 1978 • PhD, Chemistry, University of Washington, 1980 • Joined the laboratory in December 1980 • tsang@frib.msu.edu Research As an experimentalist, I study collisions of nuclei at energies at approximately half the speed of light. From the collisions of nuclei, we can create environments that resemble the first moments of the universe after the big bang. Properties of extra-terrestrial objects such as neutron stars can be obtained from studying collisions of a variety of nuclei with different compositions of protons and neutrons. One important research area of current interest is the density dependence of the symmetry energy, which governs the stability as well as other properties of neutron stars. Symmetry energy also determines the degree of stability in nuclei. Recent advance in gravitational wave astronomy led to the discovery of the binary neutron star merger, GW170817, in August 2017. When two neutron stars are within a few hundreds of kilometer, they exert a tidal force (similar to the force the moon exerts on the ocean of the earth) to each other. By measuring the deformation of the neutron stars due to this tidal force, one can deduce how neutron star matter reacts to pressure, temperature and density. We aim to extract information from our experiments to be so stringent that the uncertainties will be smaller than the vertical width of the contours and can thus distinguish the two forms of predicted symmetry pressure. To explore the density region above normal nuclear matter density (which is the density of the nucleus you encounter everyday, 2.3x10 14 kg/cm 3 ), experiments are planned at FRIB, as well as RIKEN, Japan. Our group built a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) that was installed in the SAMURAI magnet in RIKEN, Japan. The TPC detects charged particles as well as pions (about 1/7 times the mass of proton) emitted from nucleus-nucleus collisions. We studied the collisions using 132 Sn (heavy radioactive tin isotope) and 108 Sn (light radioactive tin isotopes) in 124 Sn and 112 Sn, heaviest and lightest stable tin targets. The pions detected in this experiment allow us to extract the symmetry pressure at twice of the nuclear matter density. neutrons) as well as the crossed reactions of 124 Sn+ 112 Sn, and 112 Sn+ 124 Sn using a state of the art high resolution detector array (HiRA) and a large area neutron wall. We measure isospin diffusions, which is related to the symmetry energy as the degree of isospin transferred in violent encounters of the projectile and target depends on the symmetry energy potentials. Through measurements and comparisons to the model simulations, we are able to obtain a constraint on the density dependence of the symmetry energy below normal nuclear matter density as shown in the blue star in the figure. This marks the density and pressure region when the crust of the neutron star with very low density starts to transition into a liquid core region composed mainly of neutrons. In addition to experiments, we carry out transport simulations of nuclear collisions at the High Performance Computer Center at MSU in our quest to understand the role of symmetry energy in nuclear collisions, nuclear structure and neutron stars. Our recent series of experiments using Ca isotope beams on tin and nickel isotope targets would allow us to place constraints on various input parameters used to mimic the physics of the nuclear interactions in these transport models. We aim to have better symmetry energy constraints that have smaller errors than the current astronomical ones. Selected Publications Symmetry Energy Constraints from GW170817 and Laboratory Experiments, M.B. Tsang, P. Danielewicz, W.G. Lynch, and C.Y. Tsang, Phys. Lett. B 795, 533 (2019) Insights on Skyrme parameters from GW170817, C.Y. Tsang, M.B. Tsang, P. Danielewicz, W.G. Lynch, F.J. Fattoyev, Phys. Lett. B 796, 10 (2019) Constraints on the symmetry energy and neutron skins from experiments and theory, M.B. Tsang et al., Phys. Rev. C 86, 015803 (2012) In a series of experiments at FRIB, we measured the isotope yields from the collisions of different tin isotopes, 112 Sn+ 112 Sn (light tin systems), 124 Sn+ 124 Sn (heavy tin systems with more 78 2022_FRIB_Graduate_Brochurev4.indd 78 10/29/2021 3:33:58 PM
Jie Wei Professor of Physics, FRIB Accelerator Systems Division Director Keywords: Particle Accelerator, Linac, Beam Dynamics Superconducting RF Cavity, Rare Isotope Beam Accelerator Physics & Engineering About • BS, Physics, Tsinghua University, China, 1983 • PhD, Physics, Stony Brook University, 1989 • Joined the laboratory in August 2010 • wei@frib.msu.edu Research I started my career pursuing a PhD in accelerator physics at State University of New York at Stony Brook. My research topics were performance limiting beamdynamics mechanisms with the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). During the next 35 years, my research has been on accelerator physics and engineering pertaining to frontier accelerator facilities including RHIC at BNL, the U.S. part of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley, Los Alamos, Thomas Jefferson, Brookhaven, and Argonne National Laboratories, the China Spallation Neutron Source project, the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source in China, and now FRIB. The accelerator profession is so uniquely rewarding in that a physical idea can be turned into reality through the execution of a construction project. Throughout its completion one experiences endless learning in physics, technology, teamwork, and creating friendships. I serve as the FRIB Accelerator Systems Division Director responsible for the design, R&D, construction, commissioning, and operations of the accelerator complex. My team includes accelerator faculties and staff of subject-matter experts, many from major national laboratories and institutes worldwide. The accelerators at FRIB are among the most powerful and technically demanding hadron accelerators in the world. The design and development of the FRIB driver accelerator requires the most advanced knowledge in accelerator physics and engineering involving beam dynamics with electroncyclotron-resonance (ECR) ion sources, radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac, superconducting RF linac; space charge and beam halo; charge stripping mechanisms based on solid film, liquid-metal film, and gases; highpower targetry; mechanisms of beam loss, collimation, and collection; mechanisms of vibration, microphonics, and compensation; and mechanisms of gas dissorption, electron cloud, and mitigations; and rare-isotope beams. My scientific research involves accelerator physics of highenergy colliders and high-intensity hadron accelerators; beam cooling and crystallization; development of spallation neutron sources; development of compact pulsed hadron sources; development of hadron therapy facilities; development of accelerator driven sub-critical reactor programs for thorium energy utilization and nuclear waste transmutation; and development of accelerators for rare-isotope beams. Our team covers accelerator research and engineering fields of superconducting material and technology; low-temperature cryogenics; permanent and electromagnetic magnets and power supplies; radio-frequency vacuum; beam diagnostics instrumentation and electronics; accelerator controls and machine protection; and beam collimation and shielding. Design, R&D, construction, commissioning, and upgrade of the FRIB accelerator complex involve fascinating and challenging works across multiple disciplines at Michigan State University and in collaboration with major accelerator institutes and laboratories in United States and throughout the world. Selected Publications Advances J. Wei et al., “Advances of the FRIB project,” International Journal of Modern Physics E, 28, 1930003- 1-18 (2019) Particle accelerator development: selected examples, J. Wei, Modern Physics Letters A, 31, 1630010-1-13 (2016) Synchrotrons and accumulators for high- intensity proton beams, J. Wei, Reviews of Modern Physics, 75, 1383 (2003) FRIB tunnel housing world’s highest energy, continuouswave hadron linear accelerator. 79 2022_FRIB_Graduate_Brochurev4.indd 79 10/29/2021 3:33:58 PM
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- Page 85 and 86: How to Apply Now that you’ve read
Jie Wei<br />
Professor of Physics, <strong>FRIB</strong> Accelerator Systems<br />
Division Director<br />
Keywords: Particle Accelerator, Linac, Beam Dynamics Superconducting RF<br />
Cavity, Rare Isotope Beam<br />
Accelerator Physics & Engineering<br />
About<br />
• BS, Physics, Tsinghua University, China, 1983<br />
• PhD, Physics, Stony Brook University, 1989<br />
• Joined the laboratory in August 2010<br />
• wei@frib.msu.edu<br />
Research<br />
I started my career pursuing a PhD in accelerator<br />
physics at State University of New York at Stony Brook.<br />
My research topics were performance limiting beamdynamics<br />
mechanisms with the Relativistic Heavy Ion<br />
Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory<br />
(BNL). During the next 35 years, my research has been on<br />
accelerator physics and engineering pertaining to frontier<br />
accelerator facilities including RHIC at BNL, the U.S. part<br />
of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, the Spallation<br />
Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in<br />
collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley, Los Alamos,<br />
Thomas Jefferson, Brookhaven, and Argonne National<br />
Laboratories, the China Spallation Neutron Source project,<br />
the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source in China, and now<br />
<strong>FRIB</strong>. The accelerator profession is so uniquely rewarding<br />
in that a physical idea can be turned into reality through<br />
the execution of a construction project. Throughout its<br />
completion one experiences endless learning in physics,<br />
technology, teamwork, and creating friendships.<br />
I serve as the <strong>FRIB</strong> Accelerator Systems Division<br />
Director responsible for the design, R&D, construction,<br />
commissioning, and operations of the accelerator<br />
complex. My team includes accelerator faculties and staff<br />
of subject-matter experts, many from major national<br />
laboratories and institutes worldwide. The accelerators<br />
at <strong>FRIB</strong> are among the most powerful and technically<br />
demanding hadron accelerators in the world. The design<br />
and development of the <strong>FRIB</strong> driver accelerator requires<br />
the most advanced knowledge in accelerator physics<br />
and engineering involving beam dynamics with electroncyclotron-resonance<br />
(ECR) ion sources, radio-frequency<br />
quadrupole (RFQ) linac, superconducting RF linac; space<br />
charge and beam halo; charge stripping mechanisms<br />
based on solid film, liquid-metal film, and gases; highpower<br />
targetry; mechanisms of beam loss, collimation,<br />
and collection; mechanisms of vibration, microphonics,<br />
and compensation; and mechanisms of gas dissorption,<br />
electron cloud, and mitigations; and rare-isotope beams.<br />
My scientific research involves accelerator physics of highenergy<br />
colliders and high-intensity hadron accelerators;<br />
beam cooling and crystallization; development of<br />
spallation neutron sources; development of compact<br />
pulsed hadron sources; development of hadron therapy<br />
facilities; development of accelerator driven sub-critical<br />
reactor programs for thorium energy utilization and nuclear<br />
waste transmutation; and development of accelerators<br />
for rare-isotope beams. Our team covers accelerator<br />
research and engineering fields of superconducting<br />
material and technology; low-temperature cryogenics;<br />
permanent and electromagnetic magnets and power<br />
supplies; radio-frequency vacuum; beam diagnostics<br />
instrumentation and electronics; accelerator controls and<br />
machine protection; and beam collimation and shielding.<br />
Design, R&D, construction, commissioning, and upgrade<br />
of the <strong>FRIB</strong> accelerator complex involve fascinating<br />
and challenging works across multiple disciplines at<br />
Michigan State University and in collaboration with major<br />
accelerator institutes and laboratories in United States<br />
and throughout the world.<br />
Selected Publications<br />
Advances J. Wei et al., “Advances of the <strong>FRIB</strong> project,”<br />
International Journal of Modern Physics E, 28, 1930003-<br />
1-18 (2019)<br />
Particle accelerator development: selected examples, J.<br />
Wei, Modern Physics Letters A, 31, 1630010-1-13 (2016)<br />
Synchrotrons and accumulators for high- intensity proton<br />
beams, J. Wei, Reviews of Modern Physics, 75, 1383 (2003)<br />
<strong>FRIB</strong> tunnel housing world’s highest energy, continuouswave<br />
hadron linear accelerator.<br />
79<br />
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