202 FRIB Graduate Brochure

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Oscar Naviliat Professor of Physics Keywords: Mirror Symmetries, Weak Interaction (Parity Violation and Time Reversal Invariance) Experimental Nuclear Physics About • PhD Nuclear Physics, Cath. University of Louvain (1989) • Joined the laboratory in August 2010 • naviliat@frib.msu.edu Research The experimental tests of the foundations of physical theories is a cross-disciplinary domain that can hardly be grabbed by any particular subfield of physics. The measurements carried out for such tests are performed using particles, nuclei, atoms, molecules or crystals, and concern the specific subfields within the experimental techniques being used. My research activities have been focused on experimental tests of discrete symmetries in the weak interaction (parity violation and time reversal invariance) and in the searches for new interactions through precision measurements using muons, neutrons, and nuclei, which in most cases were spin polarized. Some measurements also required the use traps, such as material-, electromagnetic-, or magnetogravitational traps, for the confinement of particles. Precision measurements at low energies are considered an alternative route in the search for new particles and interactions as compared to that pursued at the highest possible energies, in collider experiments. In general, the principles of experiments at low energies are rather simple, but the measurements are difficult and challenging. The design of new experiments requires implementing modern techniques in order to reach new levels of sensitivity. Atomic nuclei offer a very rich spectrum of candidates for precision measurements at low energies due to the large number of isotopes, the diversity of states, and the different decay modes involving the fundamental interactions. The abundant production of rare isotopes opens further the spectrum for the design of new sensitive experiments. My current activities at FRIB concern beta decay experiments using either fast or stopped beams. Fast and clean beams have made possible measurement of the energy spectra of beta particles without instrumental effects which were present in past measurements. This enables the search for possible contributions of tensor type interactions in Gamow-Teller transitions as a signature of physics beyond the standard model. Another project is the measurement of polarization correlations in beta decay, using low energy polarized nuclei, to search for deviations from maximal parity violation. This requires the construction of a new polarimeter for positrons that will be used with beams polarized by laser optical pumping. The intellectual creativity in the design of experiments, and in particular those addressing the foundations of physical theories, has been fascinating to me. Selected Publications Prospects for Precision Measurements in Nuclear b Decay in the LHC era O. Naviliat-Cuncic and M. Gonzalez-Alonso, Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 525, 600 (2013) Symmetry Tests in Nuclear Beta Decay N. Severijns and O. Naviliat-Cuncic, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 61, 23 (2011) Test of the Conserved Vector Current Hypothesis in T=1/2 Mirror Transitions and New Determination of |Vud| O. Naviliat-Cuncic and N. Severijns, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 142302 (2009) The test of parity (mirror symmetry) in nuclear beta decay provides a window to search for new interactions, like those which could be mediated by right-handed vector bosons. 64 2022_FRIB_Graduate_Brochurev4.indd 64 10/29/2021 3:33:55 PM
Witek Nazarewicz University Distinguished Professor of Physics, FRIB Chief Scientist Keywords: Nuclear Structure, FRIB Science, Quantum Many-Body Problem, Physics of Open Quantum Systems Machine Learning, High-Performance Computing Theoretical Nuclear Physics About • MS, Engineer in Technical Physics and Applied Mathematics Warsaw University of Technology, 1977 • PhD, Physics, Institute for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, 1981 • Dr. hab., Physics, Warsaw University, 1986 • Joined the laboratory in August 2014 • witek@frib.msu.edu Research Atomic nuclei, the core of matter and the fuel of stars, are self-bound collections of protons and neutrons (nucleons) that interact through forces that have their origin in quantum chromo-dynamics. Nuclei comprise 99.9% of all baryonic matter in the Universe. The complex nature of the nuclear forces among protons and neutrons yields a diverse and unique variety of nuclear phenomena, which form the basis for the experimental and theoretical studies. Developing a comprehensive description of all nuclei, a long-standing goal of nuclear physics, requires theoretical and experimental investigations of rare atomic nuclei, i.e. systems with neutronto-proton ratios larger and smaller than those naturally occurring on earth. The main area of my professional activity is the theoretical description of those exotic, short-lived nuclei that inhabit remote regions of nuclear landscape. This research invites a strong interaction between nuclear physics, interdisciplinary, many-body-problem, high-performance computing, and applied mathematics and statistics. Key scientific themes that are being addressed by my research are captured by overarching questions: • How did visible matter come into being and how does it evolve? • How does subatomic matter organize itself and what phenomena emerge? • Are the fundamental interactions that are basic to the structure of matter fully understood? • How can the knowledge and technological progress provided by nuclear physics best be used to benefit society? understanding of matter in neutron stars, and establish the scientific foundation for innovative applications of nuclear science to society. FRIB will be essential for gaining access to key regions of the nuclear chart, where the measured nuclear properties will challenge established concepts, and highlight shortcomings and needed modifications to current theory. Conversely, nuclear theory will play a critical role in providing the intellectual framework for the science at FRIB, and will provide invaluable guidance to FRIB’s experimental programs. Selected Publications The limits of nuclear mass and charge, W. Nazarewicz, Nature Phys. 14, 537 (2018). Electron and nucleon localization functions of oganesson: Approaching the Thomas-Fermi limit, P. Jerabek, B. Schuetrumpf, P. Schwerdtfeger, and W. Nazarewicz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 053001 (2018) Challenges in Nuclear Structure Theory, W. Nazarewicz, J. Phys. G 43, 044002 (2016). The quantified landscape of nuclear existence obtained in the Bayesian model averaging calculations. For every nucleus (Z,N) the probability pex that it is bound with respect to proton and neutron decay, is shown. The domains of nuclei which have been experimentally observed and whose separation energies have been measured are indicated. To provide a realistic estimate of the discovery potential with modern radioactive ionbeam facilities, the isotopes within FRIB’s experimental reach are marked. Physics of FRIB FRIB will be a world-leading laboratory for the study of nuclear structure, reactions and astrophysics. Experiments with intense beams of rare isotopes produced at FRIB will guide us toward a comprehensive description of nuclei, elucidate the origin of the elements in the cosmos, help provide an 65 2022_FRIB_Graduate_Brochurev4.indd 65 10/29/2021 3:33:55 PM
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FACILITY FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS GRA
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Contents Director’s welcome......
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Director’s welcome Why do atoms e
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A research associate and physicist
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FRIB features Unprecedented discove
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Other tools and resources • FRIB
Page 13 and 14: JINA-CEE Michigan State University
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Page 17 and 18: What is cryogenic engineering? Cryo
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Page 33 and 34: The Lansing area Capital city Lansi
Page 35 and 36: The campus The East Lansing campus
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Page 39 and 40: Daniel Bazin Research Senior Physic
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Page 45 and 46: Kaitlin Cook Assistant Professor of
Page 47 and 48: Pawel Danielewicz Professor of Phys
Page 49 and 50: Venkatarao Ganni Director of the MS
Page 51 and 52: Yue Hao Associate Professor of Phys
Page 53 and 54: Morten Hjorth-Jensen Professor of P
Page 55 and 56: Pete Knudsen Senior Cryogenic Proce
Page 57 and 58: Steven Lidia Senior Physicist and A
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Page 61 and 62: Kei Minamisono Research Senior Scie
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Page 73 and 74: Gregory Severin Assistant Professor
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Page 79 and 80: Jie Wei Professor of Physics, FRIB
Page 81 and 82: Yoshishige Yamazaki Professor of Ph
Page 83 and 84: Vladimir Zelevinsky Professor of Ph
Page 85 and 86: How to Apply Now that you’ve read
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