College Trigonometry, 2011a

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716 Foundations of <strong>Trigonometry</strong> 49. t = 12 (between 1 and 2 revolutions) 1 y 1 x 50. About 30.12 miles per hour 51. About 6274.52 revolutions per minute 52. About 3.33 miles per hour 53. About 53.55 miles per hour 54. 70 miles per hour 55. About 4.32 miles per hour 57. 12π square units 58. 6250π square units 59. 79.2825π ≈ 249.07 square units 60. 61. 50π 3 π 2 square units square units 62. 38.025π ≈ 119.46 square units
10.2 The Unit Circle: Cosine and Sine 717 10.2 The Unit Circle: Cosine and Sine In Section 10.1.1, we introduced circular motion and derived a formula which describes the linear velocity of an object moving on a circular path at a constant angular velocity. One of the goals of this section is describe the position of such an object. To that end, consider an angle θ in standard position and let P denote the point where the terminal side of θ intersects the Unit Circle. By associating the point P with the angle θ, we are assigning a position on the Unit Circle to the angle θ. The x-coordinate of P is called the cosine of θ, written cos(θ), while the y-coordinate of P is called the sine of θ, written sin(θ). 1 The reader is encouraged to verify that these rules used to match an angle with its cosine and sine do, in fact, satisfy the definition of a function. That is, for each angle θ, there is only one associated value of cos(θ) and only one associated value of sin(θ). y y 1 1 P (cos(θ), sin(θ)) θ θ 1 x 1 x Example 10.2.1. Find the cosine and sine of the following angles. 1. θ = 270 ◦ 2. θ = −π 3. θ =45 ◦ 4. θ = π 6 5. θ =60 ◦ Solution. 1. To find cos (270 ◦ ) and sin (270 ◦ ), we plot the angle θ = 270 ◦ in standard position and find the point on the terminal side of θ which lies on the Unit Circle. Since 270 ◦ represents 3 4 of a counter-clockwise revolution, the terminal side of θ lies along the negative y-axis. Hence, the point we seek is (0, −1) so that cos (270 ◦ ) = 0 and sin (270 ◦ )=−1. 2. The angle θ = −π represents one half of a clockwise revolution so its terminal side lies on the negative x-axis. The point on the Unit Circle that lies on the negative x-axis is (−1, 0) which means cos(−π) =−1 and sin(−π) =0. 1 The etymology of the name ‘sine’ is quite colorful, and the interested reader is invited to research it; the ‘co’ in ‘cosine’ is explained in Section 10.4.
Page 1 and 2: College Trigonometry Version ⌊π
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents vii 10 Foundation
Page 5 and 6: Preface Thank you for your interest
Page 7 and 8: xi text and we have gone to great l
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 10 Foundations of Trigonome
Page 11 and 12: 10.1 Angles and their Measure 695 k
Page 13 and 14: 10.1 Angles and their Measure 697 2
Page 17 and 18: 10.1 Angles and their Measure 701 T
Page 19 and 20: 10.1 Angles and their Measure 703 y
Page 21 and 22: 10.1 Angles and their Measure 705 y
Page 23 and 24: 10.1 Angles and their Measure 707 h
Page 27 and 28: 10.1 Angles and their Measure 711 I
Page 31: 10.1 Angles and their Measure 715 2
Page 35 and 36: 10.2 The Unit Circle: Cosine and Si
Page 53 and 54: 30 ◦ 1 10.2 The Unit Circle: Cosi
Page 61 and 62: 10.3 The Six Circular Functions and
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10.3 The Six Circular Functions and
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10.3 The Six Circular Functions and
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10.4 Trigonometric Identities 771 f
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10.4 Trigonometric Identities 773 2
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10.4 Trigonometric Identities 779 T
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10.4 Trigonometric Identities 781 R
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10.4 Trigonometric Identities 785 I
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10.5 Graphs of the Trigonometric Fu
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10.6 The Inverse Trigonometric Func
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10.7 Trigonometric Equations and In
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Chapter 11 Applications of Trigonom
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11.1 Applications of Sinusoids 883
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11.2 The Law of Sines 897 minimizes
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11.2 The Law of Sines 899 a angle-s
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11.2 The Law of Sines 901 determine
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11.2 The Law of Sines 903 Let x den
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11.2 The Law of Sines 905 24. Along
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11.2 The Law of Sines 907 33. The a
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11.2 The Law of Sines 909 25. (a)
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11.3 The Law of Cosines 911 of B ar
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11.3 The Law of Cosines 913 the pre
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11.3 The Law of Cosines 915 A 2 = =
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11.3 The Law of Cosines 917 22. A n
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11.4 Polar Coordinates 919 11.4 Pol
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11.4 Polar Coordinates 921 The poin
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11.4 Polar Coordinates 923 4. We mo
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11.4 Polar Coordinates 925 Solution
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11.4 Polar Coordinates 927 Solution
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11.4 Polar Coordinates 929 algebrai
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11.4 Polar Coordinates 931 45. ( )
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11.4 Polar Coordinates 933 5. ( 12,
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11.4 Polar Coordinates 935 13. (
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11.4 Polar Coordinates 937 73. r =7
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11.5 Graphs of Polar Equations 939
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11.6 Hooked on Conics Again 973 11.
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11.6 Hooked on Conics Again 975 Exa
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11.6 Hooked on Conics Again 977 The
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11.6 Hooked on Conics Again 983 The
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11.6 Hooked on Conics Again 989 2 9
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11.7 Polar Form of Complex Numbers
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11.8 Vectors 1013 Q ′ (1, 7) up 4
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11.8 Vectors 1015 ⃗v + ⃗w = 〈
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11.8 Vectors 1017 ⃗v − ⃗w =
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11.8 Vectors 1019 The remaining pro
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11.8 Vectors 1021 ‖k⃗v‖ = ‖
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11.8 Vectors 1023 at the origin, th
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11.8 Vectors 1025 Geometrically, th
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11.8 Vectors 1027 11.8.1 Exercises
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11.8 Vectors 1029 44. ⃗v = 〈−
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11.8 Vectors 1031 11.8.2 Answers 1.
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11.8 Vectors 1033 47. ‖⃗v‖ =2
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11.9 The Dot Product and Projection
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11.10 Parametric Equations 1049 obj
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11.10 Parametric Equations 1051 2.
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11.10 Parametric Equations 1053 Now
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11.10 Parametric Equations 1057 Our
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11.10 Parametric Equations 1061 Sup
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Index n th root of a complex number
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Index 1071 central angle, 701 chang
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Index 1073 reflective property, 523
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Index 1075 matrix, multiplicative,
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Index 1077 midpoint definition of,
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Index 1079 instantaneous, 161, 472
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Index 1081 inconsistent, 553 indepe
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College Trigonometry, 2011a

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