College Algebra, 2013a

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542 Hooked on Conics 23. y 2 +8y − 4x + 16 = 0 24. 4x 2 + y 2 − 8x +4=0 25. 4x 2 +9y 2 − 8x +54y + 49 = 0 26. x 2 + y 2 − 6x +4y +14=0 27. 2x 2 +4y 2 +12x − 8y + 25 = 0 28. 4x 2 − 5y 2 − 40x − 20y + 160 = 0 29. The graph of a vertical or horizontal hyperbola clearly fails the Vertical Line Test, Theorem 1.1, so the equation of a vertical of horizontal hyperbola does not define y as a function of x. 8 However, much like with circles, horizontal parabolas and ellipses, we can split a hyperbola into pieces, each of which would indeed represent y as a function of x. With the help of your classmates, use your calculator to graph the hyperbolas given in Exercises 1 - 8 above. How many pieces do you need for a vertical hyperbola? How many for a horizontal hyperbola? 30. The location of an earthquake’s epicenter − the point on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake actually occurred − can be determined by a process similar to how we located Sasquatch in Example 7.5.5. (As we said back in Exercise 75 in Section 6.1, earthquakes are complicated events and it is not our intent to provide a complete discussion of the science involved in them. Instead, we refer the interested reader to a course in Geology or the U.S. Geological Survey’s Earthquake Hazards Program found here.) Our technique works only for relatively small distances because we need to assume that the Earth is flat in order to use hyperbolas in the plane. 9 The P-waves (“P” stands for Primary) of an earthquake in Sasquatchia travel at 6 kilometers per second. 10 Station A records the waves first. Then Station B, which is 100 kilometers due north of Station A, records the waves 2 seconds later. Station C, which is 150 kilometers due west of Station A records the waves 3 seconds after that (a total of 5 seconds after Station A). Where is the epicenter? 31. The notion of eccentricity introduced for ellipses in Definition 7.5 in Section 7.4 is the same for hyperbolas in that we can define the eccentricity e of a hyperbola as e = distance from the center to a focus distance from the center to a vertex (a) With the help of your classmates, explain why e>1 for any hyperbola. (b) Find the equation of the hyperbola with vertices (±3, 0) and eccentricity e =2. (c) With the help of your classmates, find the eccentricity of each of the hyperbolas in Exercises 1 - 8. What role does eccentricity play in the shape of the graphs? 32. On page 510 in Section 7.3, we discussed paraboloids of revolution when studying the design of satellite dishes and parabolic mirrors. In much the same way, ‘natural draft’ cooling towers are often shaped as hyperboloids of revolution. Each vertical cross section of these towers 8 We will see later in the text that the graphs of certain rotated hyperbolas pass the Vertical Line Test. 9 Back in the Exercises in Section 1.1 you were asked to research people who believe the world is flat. What did you discover? 10 Depending on the composition of the crust at a specific location, P-waves can travel between 5 kps and 8 kps.
7.5 Hyperbolas 543 is a hyperbola. Suppose the a natural draft cooling tower has the cross section below. Suppose the tower is 450 feet wide at the base, 275 feet wide at the top, and 220 feet at its narrowest point (which occurs 330 feet above the ground.) Determine the height of the tower to the nearest foot. 275 ft 220 ft 330 ft 450 ft 33. With the help of your classmates, research the Cassegrain Telescope. It uses the reflective property of the hyperbola as well as that of the parabola to make an ingenious telescope. 34. With the help of your classmates show that if Ax 2 + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F =0determinesa non-degenerate conic 11 then ˆ AC < 0 means that the graph is a hyperbola ˆ AC = 0 means that the graph is a parabola ˆ AC > 0 means that the graph is an ellipse or circle NOTE: This result will be generalized in Theorem 11.11 in Section 11.6.1. 11 Recall that this means its graph is either a circle, parabola, ellipse or hyperbola.
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College Algebra Version ⌊π⌋ Co
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Table of Contents Preface ix 1 Rela
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Table of Contents v 4.3.3 Answers .
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Preface Thank you for your interest
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xi text and we have gone to great l
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Chapter 1 Relations and Functions 1
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1.1 Sets of Real Numbers and the Ca
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1.2 Relations 21 Solution. 1. To gr
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1.2 Relations 23 lines y = 1 and y
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1.2 Relations 25 ‘connecting the
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1.2 Relations 27 (x − 2) 2 + y 2
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1.2 Relations 29 1.2.2 Exercises In
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1.2 Relations 31 29. 5 4 3 y 30. 2
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1.2 Relations 33 1.2.3 Answers 1. y
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1.2 Relations 35 13. y 14. y 3 2
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1.2 Relations 37 41. y = x 2 +1 The
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1.2 Relations 39 45. y = √ x −
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1.2 Relations 41 49. (x +2) 2 + y 2
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1.3 Introduction to Functions 43 1.
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1.3 Introduction to Functions 45 So
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1.3 Introduction to Functions 47 Al
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1.3 Introduction to Functions 51 23
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1.4 Function Notation 55 1.4 Functi
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1.4 Function Notation 57 (c) To fin
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1.4 Function Notation 59 1 − 4x x
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1.4 Function Notation 61 these limi
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1.4 Function Notation 63 1.4.2 Exer
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1.4 Function Notation 65 ⎧ ⎪⎨
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1.4 Function Notation 67 (b) How mu
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1.4 Function Notation 69 1.4.3 Answ
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1.4 Function Notation 71 18. For f(
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1.4 Function Notation 73 26. For f(
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1.4 Function Notation 75 69. C(0) =
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1.5 Function Arithmetic 77 ( ) 4. F
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1.5 Function Arithmetic 79 Next, we
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1.5 Function Arithmetic 81 r(x + h)
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1.5 Function Arithmetic 83 Solution
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1.5 Function Arithmetic 85 27. f(x)
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1.5 Function Arithmetic 87 1.5.2 An
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1.5 Function Arithmetic 89 13. For
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1.5 Function Arithmetic 91 37. 39.
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 93 1.6 Grap
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 95 In the p
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 97 The calc
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 99 The calc
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 101 on [−
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 103 1. Find
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 105 Example
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 107 1.6.2 E
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 109 In Exer
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 111 For Exe
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 113 y y 4 5
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 115 6. f(x)
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 117 17. y 1
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1.6 Graphs of Functions 119 90. h i
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1.7 Transformations 121 7 y 7 y (5,
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1.7 Transformations 123 2 to all of
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1.7 Transformations 125 2 1 (0, 0)
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1.7 Transformations 127 Solution. 1
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1.7 Transformations 129 y y 3 2 1 (
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1.7 Transformations 131 A few remar
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1.7 Transformations 133 6 y 6 y (4,
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1.7 Transformations 135 Finally, to
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1.7 Transformations 137 (a, f(a)) a
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1.7 Transformations 139 shift right
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1.7 Transformations 141 Thecomplete
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1.7 Transformations 143 64. The gra
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1.7 Transformations 145 25. y =2−
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1.7 Transformations 147 38. g(x) =f
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1.7 Transformations 149 50. y = S 1
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Chapter 2 Linear and Quadratic Func
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2.1 Linear Functions 153 P 2 5. m =
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2.1 Linear Functions 155 Equation 2
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2.1 Linear Functions 157 y 4 3 2 y
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2.1 Linear Functions 159 4. We find
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2.1 Linear Functions 161 average sp
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2.1 Linear Functions 163 2.1.1 Exer
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2.1 Linear Functions 165 40. A rest
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2.1 Linear Functions 167 61. y = 2
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2.1 Linear Functions 169 2.1.2 Answ
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2.1 Linear Functions 171 35. (a) F
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2.2 Absolute Value Functions 173 2.
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2.2 Absolute Value Functions 177 By
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2.2 Absolute Value Functions 179 Ex
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2.2 Absolute Value Functions 181 wh
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2.2 Absolute Value Functions 185 24
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2.2 Absolute Value Functions 187 31
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2.3 Quadratic Functions 189 y y (
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2.3 Quadratic Functions 191 shows t
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2.3 Quadratic Functions 193 From g(
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2.3 Quadratic Functions 195 ( a x +
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2.3 Quadratic Functions 197 To find
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2.3 Quadratic Functions 199 Neverth
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2.3 Quadratic Functions 201 15. The
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2.3 Quadratic Functions 203 2.3.2 A
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2.3 Quadratic Functions 205 8. f(x)
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2.3 Quadratic Functions 207 25. (a)
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2.4 Inequalities with Absolute Valu
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2.5 Regression 225 2.5 Regression W
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2.5 Regression 227 2. Find the leas
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2.5 Regression 229 The coefficient
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2.5 Regression 231 4. The chart bel
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2.5 Regression 233 2.5.2 Answers 1.
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Chapter 3 Polynomial Functions 3.1
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3.1 Graphs of Polynomials 237 of th
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3.1 Graphs of Polynomials 239 In or
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3.1 Graphs of Polynomials 241 Despi
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3.1 Graphs of Polynomials 243 at th
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3.1 Graphs of Polynomials 245 Theor
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3.1 Graphs of Polynomials 247 In Ex
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3.1 Graphs of Polynomials 249 37. T
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3.1 Graphs of Polynomials 251 9. f(
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3.1 Graphs of Polynomials 253 21. g
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3.1 Graphs of Polynomials 255 33. (
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3.2 The Factor Theorem and the Rema
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3.3 Real Zeros of Polynomials 269 3
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3.3 Real Zeros of Polynomials 275 f
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3.3 Real Zeros of Polynomials 277 T
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3.3 Real Zeros of Polynomials 279 (
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3.3 Real Zeros of Polynomials 281 I
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3.4 Complex Zeros and the Fundament
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Chapter 4 Rational Functions 4.1 In
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4.1 Introduction to Rational Functi
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4.2 Graphs of Rational Functions 32
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4.3 Rational Inequalities and Appli
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Chapter 5 Further Topics in Functio
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5.1 Function Composition 361 2. As
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5.1 Function Composition 363 (+)
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5.1 Function Composition 365 9. The
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5.1 Function Composition 367 Theore
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5.1 Function Composition 369 5.1.1
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5.1 Function Composition 371 50. (g
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5.1 Function Composition 373 7. For
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5.1 Function Composition 375 20. Fo
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5.1 Function Composition 377 56. (g
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5.2 Inverse Functions 379 The main
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5.2 Inverse Functions 381 y = f −
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5.2 Inverse Functions 383 (b) We ca
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5.2 Inverse Functions 385 y = f(x)
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5.2 Inverse Functions 387 = = 2x 2x
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5.2 Inverse Functions 389 We get g
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5.2 Inverse Functions 391 Using wha
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5.2 Inverse Functions 393 1. Explai
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5.2 Inverse Functions 395 26. Show
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5.3 Other Algebraic Functions 397 5
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5.3 Other Algebraic Functions 399 I
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5.3 Other Algebraic Functions 401 b
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5.3 Other Algebraic Functions 405
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5.3 Other Algebraic Functions 415 (
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Chapter 6 Exponential and Logarithm
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6.1 Introduction to Exponential and
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6.2 Properties of Logarithms 437 6.
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6.2 Properties of Logarithms 439 lo
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6.2 Properties of Logarithms 441 ex
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6.2 Properties of Logarithms 443 as
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6.3 Exponential Equations and Inequ
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6.4 Logarithmic Equations and Inequ
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6.5 Applications of Exponential and
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Page 501 and 502: 6.5 Applications of Exponential and
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Page 505 and 506: Chapter 7 Hooked on Conics 7.1 Intr
Page 507 and 508: 7.1 Introduction to Conics 497 If t
Page 509 and 510: 7.2 Circles 499 4 y 3 2 1 −4 −3
Page 511 and 512: 7.2 Circles 501 We close this secti
Page 513 and 514: 7.2 Circles 503 7.2.2 Answers 1. (x
Page 515 and 516: 7.3 Parabolas 505 7.3 Parabolas We
Page 517 and 518: 7.3 Parabolas 507 The distance from
Page 519 and 520: 7.3 Parabolas 509 Example 7.3.3. Gr
Page 521 and 522: 7.3 Parabolas 511 Every cross secti
Page 523 and 524: 7.3 Parabolas 513 7.3.2 Answers 1.
Page 525 and 526: 7.3 Parabolas 515 8. ( y + 2) 3 2 (
Page 527 and 528: 7.4 Ellipses 517 Minor Axis Major A
Page 529 and 530: 7.4 Ellipses 519 This equation is f
Page 531 and 532: 7.4 Ellipses 521 As with circles an
Page 533 and 534: 7.4 Ellipses 523 From this sketch,
Page 535 and 536: 7.4 Ellipses 525 7.4.1 Exercises In
Page 537 and 538: 7.4 Ellipses 527 7.4.2 Answers x 2
Page 539 and 540: 7.4 Ellipses 529 (x − 4) 2 (y −
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Page 543 and 544: 7.5 Hyperbolas 533 endpoints of the
Page 545 and 546: 7.5 Hyperbolas 535 from the center
Page 547 and 548: 7.5 Hyperbolas 537 As with the othe
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Page 551: 7.5 Hyperbolas 541 7.5.1 Exercises
Page 555 and 556: 7.5 Hyperbolas 545 (y − 3) 2 (x
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Page 559 and 560: Chapter 8 Systems of Equations and
Page 561 and 562: 8.1 Systems of Linear Equations: Ga
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Page 589 and 590: 8.3 Matrix Arithmetic 579 ⎡ ⎤
Page 591 and 592: 8.3 Matrix Arithmetic 581 As did ma
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Page 595 and 596: 8.3 Matrix Arithmetic 585 Using Ri
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Page 601 and 602: 8.3 Matrix Arithmetic 591 8.3.1 Exe
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8.3 Matrix Arithmetic 593 28. Now l
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8.3 Matrix Arithmetic 595 8.3.2 Ans
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8.3 Matrix Arithmetic 597 [ ] −9
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8.4 Systems of Linear Equations: Ma
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8.5 Determinants and Cramer’s Rul
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8.6 Partial Fraction Decomposition
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8.7 Systems of Non-Linear Equations
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20. Solve the following system ⎧
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Chapter 9 Sequences and the Binomia
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9.1 Sequences 653 3. From {2n − 1
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9.1 Sequences 655 Solution. A good
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9.1 Sequences 657 Looking at the de
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9.1 Sequences 659 28. 0.9, 0.99, 0.
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9.2 Summation Notation 661 9.2 Summ
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9.2 Summation Notation 663 5∑ (
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9.2 Summation Notation 665 S = n (2
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9.2 Summation Notation 667 payment
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9.2 Summation Notation 669 n∑ k=1
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9.2 Summation Notation 671 In Exerc
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9.3 Mathematical Induction 673 9.3
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9.3 Mathematical Induction 675 This
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9.3 Mathematical Induction 677 it i
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9.3 Mathematical Induction 679 9.3.
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9.4 The Binomial Theorem 681 9.4 Th
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9.4 The Binomial Theorem 683 songs
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9.4 The Binomial Theorem 685 (a + b
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9.4 The Binomial Theorem 687 ∑k
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9.4 The Binomial Theorem 689 ( 0 0)
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9.4 The Binomial Theorem 691 9.4.1
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Index n th root of a complex number
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Index 1071 central angle, 701 chang
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Index 1073 reflective property, 523
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Index 1075 matrix, multiplicative,
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Index 1077 midpoint definition of,
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Index 1079 instantaneous, 161, 472
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Index 1081 inconsistent, 553 indepe
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