Instruction in Functional Assessment, 2014a

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Instruction in Functional Assessment Glossary intellectual disability A disability which significantly affects the developmental processes, including intelligence and adaptive behaviors. return interobserver reliability Two independent observers simultaneously record an individual’s behavior and the degree to which their observations agree is calculated. return maintenance Transfer of training gains across time. return motivational operation Refers to an environmental event or condition that alters the effectiveness of a reinforcer and affects the frequency of behaviors that lead to that reinforcer (Michael, 2000). return multielement research design A single organism research design that involves the rapid alternation of conditions. return negative reinforcement A behavioral principle which states that if someone does something and it results in the immediate escape or avoidance of an aversive stimulus then that person is more likely to do the same thing in similar future situations. return negative reinforcer The removal or avoidance of an aversive stimulus e.g., putting sun glasses on when the sun is blinding. return noncontingent reinforcement Reinforcers for the problem behavior can be provided freely according to a set time before the individual engages in that behavior to potentially remove the reason for the problem behavior. return observational functional assessment A method to attempt to determine the maintaining variable(s) by collecting data on the antecedents, behavior, and consequences for the individual’s challenging behavior. return performance-based training An instructional strategy wherein the teacher describes and models the desired behavior, and provides feedback while the learner practices the skill to criterion. return permanent product The remnants or offshoots of a behavior that can be used to measure the occurrence of the behavior e.g., words on a page to measure writing behavior, crimpled dental floss to measure flossing. return 150
Instruction in Functional Assessment Glossary Positive Behavior Support (PBS) A focus on individuals’ desired behavior, rather than focusing on the undesirable or challenging behavior. This approach is generally conducted on a school-wide level. return preference assessment An efficient method to identify a potential reinforcer by assessing the individual’s choice in a variety of objects, events, or stimuli. return positive reinforcement A behavioral principle that states that when a positive reinforcer is delivered immediately following a behavior, that behavior will likely persist or increase. return positive reinforcers Positive reinforcers refer to objects or events that when delivered immediately after a behavior serve to increase its frequency in future. return reinforcer test Involves experimentally comparing levels of the behavior in phases where the item being evaluated is delivered immediately after the behavior to that in another phase where the item is provided just according to a set time such as every 5 seconds or noncontingently. Response to Intervention (RTI) A procedure whereby professionals monitor the academic and social skills of a child and implement interventions to prevent failure. return role play A method of teaching procedural behaviors and skills by the individual reenacting the situation and performing the requisite behaviors. return satiation Having too much of something. If a reinforcer is delivered too frequently and satiation occurs then that item loses its ability to serve as a reinforcer or no longer increases the behavior after which it occurs. return social validity Procedures used to determine whether the goals of training, the training procedures, and/or the outcome of training are acceptable to the person and others involved. return Transfer of training gains across objects, events, settings, or people. return return 151
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The Missing Link: An Introduction t
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©2014 Marcie Desrochers & Moira Fa
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Reviewer’s Notes Instruction in F
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Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1
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college students and pre-profession
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Chapter 1 Challenging Behaviors of
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Instruction in Functional Assessmen
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Chapter 2 The Methodology of Functi
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Chapter 5 Teaching Functional Analy
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Chapter 6 Functional Analysis Case
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Instruction in Functional Assessment, 2014a

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