Instruction in Functional Assessment, 2014a
Instruction in Functional Assessment, 2014a
Instruction in Functional Assessment, 2014a
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<strong>Instruction</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Functional</strong> <strong>Assessment</strong><br />
Glossary<br />
<strong>in</strong>tellectual disability<br />
A disability which significantly affects<br />
the developmental processes, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>telligence<br />
and adaptive behaviors.<br />
return<br />
<strong>in</strong>terobserver reliability<br />
Two <strong>in</strong>dependent observers simultaneously<br />
record an <strong>in</strong>dividual’s behavior and the<br />
degree to which their observations agree is<br />
calculated.<br />
return<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>tenance<br />
Transfer of tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g ga<strong>in</strong>s across time.<br />
return<br />
motivational operation<br />
Refers to an environmental event or<br />
condition that alters the effectiveness of a<br />
re<strong>in</strong>forcer and affects the frequency of behaviors<br />
that lead to that re<strong>in</strong>forcer (Michael,<br />
2000).<br />
return<br />
multielement research design<br />
A s<strong>in</strong>gle organism research design that<br />
<strong>in</strong>volves the rapid alternation of conditions.<br />
return<br />
negative re<strong>in</strong>forcement<br />
A behavioral pr<strong>in</strong>ciple which states that<br />
if someone does someth<strong>in</strong>g and it results <strong>in</strong><br />
the immediate escape or avoidance of an<br />
aversive stimulus then that person is more<br />
likely to do the same th<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> similar future<br />
situations.<br />
return<br />
negative re<strong>in</strong>forcer<br />
The removal or avoidance of an aversive<br />
stimulus e.g., putt<strong>in</strong>g sun glasses on when<br />
the sun is bl<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
return<br />
noncont<strong>in</strong>gent re<strong>in</strong>forcement<br />
Re<strong>in</strong>forcers for the problem behavior<br />
can be provided freely accord<strong>in</strong>g to a set<br />
time before the <strong>in</strong>dividual engages <strong>in</strong> that<br />
behavior to potentially remove the reason<br />
for the problem behavior.<br />
return<br />
observational functional<br />
assessment<br />
A method to attempt to determ<strong>in</strong>e the<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g variable(s) by collect<strong>in</strong>g data on<br />
the antecedents, behavior, and consequences<br />
for the <strong>in</strong>dividual’s challeng<strong>in</strong>g behavior.<br />
return<br />
performance-based tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
An <strong>in</strong>structional strategy where<strong>in</strong> the<br />
teacher describes and models the desired<br />
behavior, and provides feedback while the<br />
learner practices the skill to criterion.<br />
return<br />
permanent product<br />
The remnants or offshoots of a behavior<br />
that can be used to measure the occurrence<br />
of the behavior e.g., words on a page to<br />
measure writ<strong>in</strong>g behavior, crimpled dental<br />
floss to measure floss<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
return<br />
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