Mind, Body, World- Foundations of Cognitive Science, 2013a

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embodied cognitive science to the study of musical cognition. It raised the possibility of a more unified approach to musical cognition that combines elements of all three different schools of thought. Classical Music and Cognitive Science 313
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MIND, BODY, WORLD
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MIND, FOUNDATIONS OF COGNITIVE SCIE
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Contents List of Figures and Tables
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5.5 Umwelten, Affordances, and Enac
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List of Figures and Tables Figure 2
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Table 2-1. Examples of the truth va
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happened in psychology. “One acco
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1 The Cognitive Sciences: One or Ma
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The fragmentation of psychology is
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qualitatively different kinds of qu
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should we examine “cognitive scie
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discrete symbols stored in a separa
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Some researchers have attempted to
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tool, or by its designer. The perso
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experiments fall into new relations
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With the foundations of the three d
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level, one asks what physical mecha
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thinking was logic, then thinking m
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equation of thought is of the secon
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ewritten as “A is B,” which in
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combinations of the binary inputs p
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Vannevar Bush. This machine was a p
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In Lovecraft’s (1933) story, the
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given in Table 2-2 (Hillis, 1998).
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switch was closed matched the durat
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2.6 Multiple Levels of Investigatio
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mentioned in the current section ar
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How does a Turing machine generate
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The problem with reverse engineerin
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2.10 Architectures against Homuncul
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out at any given time (Newell, 1980
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experiment, people write questions
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hypothesis (Dawson, 1998), is used
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Other developments in cognitive sci
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and strong equivalence are reviewed
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After establishing his own existenc
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For it is a very remarkable fact th
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used to solve a complex problem by
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In the code given above, recursion
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The complex, clausal structure of a
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within a phrase marker. The recursi
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new physical state, the direction i
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Bever, Fodor, and Garrett (1968) us
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found that informant learning permi
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derived, in the same way as new kno
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physical symbol system hypothesis:
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semantic lives, in which they have
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A device that can compute every pos
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contents of mental states and behav
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as being tokens of a particular typ
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-1.5 Grande Prairie Slave Lake Fort
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A production system is a general-pu
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in thinking about cognition without
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ased on informed judgment, and how
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paranoids. Forty practising psychia
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if they are weakly equivalent), acc
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Newell and Simon (1972) created a c
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is a property that is not local, bu
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A third approach to validating a mo
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growing variety of models of reorie
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are instructed to scan across the i
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paper (Pylyshyn, 1973), which propo
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location to the first. In this cond
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The packing problem is concerned wi
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I should like to propose a generali
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attempt to localize function. For i
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solution to the problem? For instan
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links between the two at the differ
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4 Elements of Connectionist Cogniti
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twentieth centuries (Warren, 1921).
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connectionist cognitive science dev
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via unsupervised learning (Carpente
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symbols. However, as connectionism
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Empiricist philosopher John Locke c
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The ability of A’s later activity
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In spite of the popularity and succ
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then become a different kind of net
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space, an entire row of a truth tab
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the only time that output unit acti
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The multilayer network illustrated
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input pattern in an all-or-none fas
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function such as the logistic. “N
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esponse is interpreted as represent
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define more complex probabilistic c
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A second condition of the perceptro
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esponses to determine the trigger f
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hidden unit computes its error by s
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The musical notation for the C majo
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and then determine the relationship
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In the pitch class representation u
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input signals coming from all of th
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chords. For instance, none of the h
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ecording or wiretapping (Calvin & O
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anding when a hidden unit’s activ
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classical form. This result suggest
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technique, the ID3 algorithm (Quinl
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Decision Point From Table 4-4 Equiv
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For example, mushrooms that were as
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color; that red, for instance, even
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When New Connectionism arose in the
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idea is to give the network as many
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in contiguity with the UR, the CS b
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stronger, or more intense, or faste
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simulations also revealed new pheno
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the correlation between the connect
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Given the breadth of connectionist
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were provided earlier in this chapt
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On the other hand, the functional n
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5 Elements of Embodied Cognitive Sc
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can do away with the body” (Hayle
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of the environment in which he find
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salesman’s tour increases linearl
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of the superorganism’s components
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next. Theraulaz and Bonabeau (1999)
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physical robot that acts like a Bra
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seriously as a contributor to the c
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to perception. Gibson (1966, p. 49)
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modules provide basic, general-purp
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several hours to complete a task (M
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Scribner’s own work (Scribner & T
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a virtual interface that was increa
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The embodied approach’s emphasis
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eorganizing the entire system. The
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understanding. The extended mind hy
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old clocks and gas meters” (Grey
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the British Association (Hayward, 2
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without feature cues. Their goal wa
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obot has stopped moving, and two ar
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cognitive science ventures to study
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the human brain (Gallese et al., 19
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y changing its facial expression, d
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others’ actions mind reading or m
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that others “are like me in being
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is illusory (Clark, 2003; Dennett,
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Even though an agent’s body can b
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interaction with the world are not
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The lofty goals of artificial intel
Page 280: This system is then placed in an in
Page 283 and 284: Reviewing the three approaches with
Page 285 and 286: For instance, the exposition uses i
Page 287 and 288: this interface, internal thinking,
Page 289 and 290: The conductor is not the only contr
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Page 295 and 296: theorize about mental processing be
Page 297 and 298: Krumhansl’s (1990) internalizatio
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Page 301 and 302: The isolated genius is a recurring
Page 303 and 304: 6.4 The Connectionist Approach to M
Page 305 and 306: will not occur (Gasser, Eck, & Port
Page 307 and 308: preferences (Bugatti, Flammini, & M
Page 309 and 310: The key feature from above is tonal
Page 311 and 312: The vein for which three hundred ye
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Page 321 and 322: evaluation, interpretation, and des
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Page 329: Interactions between perception of
Page 333 and 334: expected that both connectionist an
Page 335 and 336: Winograd and Flores’ (1987b) book
Page 337 and 338: primarily is the work” (p. 99). A
Page 339 and 340: Furthermore, Vera and Simon (1993)
Page 341 and 342: First, this sequence of publication
Page 343 and 344: an engineering convenience. Further
Page 345 and 346: The human controller of a punched c
Page 347 and 348: the computer’s internal memory wi
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Page 351 and 352: current PDP networks are not autono
Page 353 and 354: operations simultaneously, if this
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Page 357 and 358: Kosslyn et al., 1995). “There is
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Page 363 and 364: connectionism. Many researchers ass
Page 365 and 366: sense that they are digital: consis
Page 367 and 368: accounts (Broadbent, 1985; Rumelhar
Page 369 and 370: For instance, classical theorists d
Page 371 and 372: to make. For instance, in Chapter 8
Page 373 and 374: The opposite pole of the continuum
Page 375 and 376: embodied theory of gestured meaning
Page 377 and 378: strong equivalence of a cognitive t
Page 379 and 380: thus, perceptions, presentations, v
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Language acquisition can be describ
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In this situation, a motion detecto
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world—to almost always be correct
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To illustrate the New Look, conside
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9 7 8 4 8 1 2 4 6 9 3 1 9 2 7 8 5 9
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After two applications of the “la
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element y, seen at time t + 1, is c
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asis of cognitive contents. In part
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elationships between individuated o
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selected—inside makes no sense to
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the program had to be able to asser
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can only be used to access an indiv
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ideally suited for preattentive ind
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a conceptual apparatus. Sooner or l
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correspondence problem by matching
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The discussion in this section woul
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As well, the exploration of mental
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does not do so by using concepts, c
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worked against synthesis, because e
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eflecting that the embodied approac
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Classical Cognitive Science Connect
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science had to consider “differen
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Siegelman, 2005). The Macy conferen
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However, it is clear that Miller, G
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of thought should be excluded from
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Relaxation labelling was the leadin
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Strong parallels also exist between
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the same particular phenomena, desc
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usiness of carrying out reverse eng
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used to create a model that fits a
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iological agents. To do so, its mod
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Anderson, J. A. (1995). An introduc
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Bechtel, W., & Abrahamsen, A. (2002
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Boole, G. (2003). The laws of thoug
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Byrne, David. (1980). Seen and not
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Churchland, P. S., & Sejnowski, T.
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D’Ausilio, A. (2009). Mirror-like
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Dennett, D. C. (1978). Brainstorms.
Page 457 and 458:
Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (19
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Friedmann, M. L. (1990). Ear traini
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Goodale, M. A. (1995). The cortical
Page 463 and 464:
Gutin, G., & Punnen, A. P. (2002).
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Herrnstein, R. J. (1997). The match
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Inhelder, B., & Piaget, J. (1958).
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Kirk, K. L., & Bitterman, M. E. (19
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Krumhansl, C. L., Bharucha, J. J.,
Page 473 and 474:
Lightfoot, D. W. (1989). The child
Page 475 and 476:
Marshall, M. T., Hartshorn, M., Wan
Page 477 and 478:
Meyer, L. B. (1956). Emotion and me
Page 479 and 480:
Neisser, U. (1976). Cognition and r
Page 481 and 482:
Pampalk, E., Dixon, S., & Widmer, G
Page 483 and 484:
Plantinga, L. (1984). Romantic musi
Page 485 and 486:
Raftopoulos, A. (2001). Is percepti
Page 487 and 488:
Rosenblatt, F. (1958). The perceptr
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Searle, J. R. (1984). Minds, brains
Page 491 and 492:
Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behav
Page 493 and 494:
Sutton, R. S., & Barto, A. G. (1981
Page 495 and 496:
Turvey, M. T., Shaw, R. E., Reed, E
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Waltz, D. (1975). Understanding lin
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Winograd, T. (1983). Language as a
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Index A acoustic paradigm, 305 acti
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I identification assumption, 410-11
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239-43 replacement, 48, 209-10, 219
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Mind, Body, World- Foundations of Cognitive Science, 2013a

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