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MIND, BODY, WORLD
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MIND, FOUNDATIONS OF COGNITIVE SCIE
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Contents List of Figures and Tables
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5.5 Umwelten, Affordances, and Enac
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List of Figures and Tables Figure 2
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Table 2-1. Examples of the truth va
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happened in psychology. “One acco
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1 The Cognitive Sciences: One or Ma
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The fragmentation of psychology is
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qualitatively different kinds of qu
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should we examine “cognitive scie
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discrete symbols stored in a separa
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Some researchers have attempted to
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tool, or by its designer. The perso
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experiments fall into new relations
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With the foundations of the three d
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level, one asks what physical mecha
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thinking was logic, then thinking m
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equation of thought is of the secon
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ewritten as “A is B,” which in
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combinations of the binary inputs p
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Vannevar Bush. This machine was a p
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In Lovecraft’s (1933) story, the
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given in Table 2-2 (Hillis, 1998).
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switch was closed matched the durat
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2.6 Multiple Levels of Investigatio
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mentioned in the current section ar
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How does a Turing machine generate
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The problem with reverse engineerin
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2.10 Architectures against Homuncul
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out at any given time (Newell, 1980
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experiment, people write questions
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hypothesis (Dawson, 1998), is used
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Other developments in cognitive sci
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and strong equivalence are reviewed
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After establishing his own existenc
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For it is a very remarkable fact th
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used to solve a complex problem by
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In the code given above, recursion
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The complex, clausal structure of a
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within a phrase marker. The recursi
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new physical state, the direction i
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Bever, Fodor, and Garrett (1968) us
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found that informant learning permi
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derived, in the same way as new kno
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physical symbol system hypothesis:
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semantic lives, in which they have
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A device that can compute every pos
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contents of mental states and behav
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as being tokens of a particular typ
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-1.5 Grande Prairie Slave Lake Fort
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A production system is a general-pu
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in thinking about cognition without
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ased on informed judgment, and how
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paranoids. Forty practising psychia
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if they are weakly equivalent), acc
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were provided earlier in this chapt
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On the other hand, the functional n
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5 Elements of Embodied Cognitive Sc
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can do away with the body” (Hayle
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of the environment in which he find
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salesman’s tour increases linearl
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of the superorganism’s components
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next. Theraulaz and Bonabeau (1999)
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physical robot that acts like a Bra
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seriously as a contributor to the c
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to perception. Gibson (1966, p. 49)
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modules provide basic, general-purp
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several hours to complete a task (M
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Scribner’s own work (Scribner & T
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a virtual interface that was increa
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The embodied approach’s emphasis
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eorganizing the entire system. The
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understanding. The extended mind hy
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old clocks and gas meters” (Grey
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the British Association (Hayward, 2
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without feature cues. Their goal wa
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obot has stopped moving, and two ar
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cognitive science ventures to study
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the human brain (Gallese et al., 19
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y changing its facial expression, d
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others’ actions mind reading or m
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that others “are like me in being
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is illusory (Clark, 2003; Dennett,
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Even though an agent’s body can b
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interaction with the world are not
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The lofty goals of artificial intel
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This system is then placed in an in
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Reviewing the three approaches with
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For instance, the exposition uses i
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this interface, internal thinking,
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The conductor is not the only contr
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grouped into distinct auditory stre
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and stored in memory in a form diff
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theorize about mental processing be
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Krumhansl’s (1990) internalizatio
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mighty Alps, whose white and shinin
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The isolated genius is a recurring
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6.4 The Connectionist Approach to M
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will not occur (Gasser, Eck, & Port
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preferences (Bugatti, Flammini, & M
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The key feature from above is tonal
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The vein for which three hundred ye
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complexities of sound were produced
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Reich’s idea of a musical process
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orchestra brings the score to life
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meaning and that this meaning is so
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evaluation, interpretation, and des
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software objects can now evolve and
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instruments can serve as behavioura
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the case that Austro-German music i
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Interactions between perception of
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7 Marks of the Classical? 7.0 Chapt
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in this section. One context for th
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Critical to Vera and Simon’s (199
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Vera and Simon (1993) pointed out t
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physical scene that is being viewed
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the three schools of thought in cog
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was employed to work on the 1880 Un
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predefined value was reached (Willi
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Indeed, the interactions between a
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determine which production will act
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classical models they inspire are d
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a word in memory to be accessed in
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7.5 Local versus Distributed Repres
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Finally, different degrees of super
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to produce networks that are capabl
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e essentially embodied and embedded
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to question explicit rules as a mar
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the electronic circuits which perfo
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which make use of the knowledge att
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instance, meaningful, complex token
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constraints on symbol manipulations
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linguistic structures. That is, suc
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8 Seeing and Visualizing 8.0 Chapte
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an enormously high-quality visual w
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for the discovery of subjective sen
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The primary visual data caused by t
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A related phenomenon is inattention
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Spontaneously and by our own power,
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depends upon noticing and reacting
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this location. The affected locatio
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For our purposes, though, the above
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The nearest neighbour principle is
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8.5 Vision, Cognition, and Visual C
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Feature integration theory arose to
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(Pylyshyn, 2007, p. 32). Part of Py
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independent of those for processing
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(Pylyshyn & Storm, 1988). However,
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& Stanton, 1978; Sakata et al., 198
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that compose early vision, and whic
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with embodied cognitive science. Py
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esults by demonstrating that they a
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According to the index projection h
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9 Towards a Cognitive Dialectic 9.0
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summarizes that text visually by us
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Another way to illustrate the diffe
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tension? One approach to achieving
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interested in reformulating cogniti
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On the other side of the antagonism
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For instance, Simon’s (1969) earl
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was a low-level interpretation that
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computation approach appeals to ele
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etween scientific paradigms (Kuhn,
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each of the three schools of though
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It is pleasurable and easy to creat
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exploring how this problem might be
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References Abu-Mostafa, Y. S. (1990
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Baddeley, A. D. (1990). Human memor
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Bernstein, L. (1976). The unanswere
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Brooks, R. A., & Flynn, A. M. (1989
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Chase, V. M., Hertwig, R., & Gigere
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Comrie, L. J. (1933). The Hollerith
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Dawson, M. R. W., Kelly, D. M., Spe
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Downing, H. A., & Jeanne, R. L. (19
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Fletcher, G. J. O. (1995). The scie
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Gjerdingen, R. O. (1989). Using con
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Greeno, J. G., & Moore, J. L. (1993
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Hauser, M. D., Chomsky, N., & Fitch
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Hopcroft, J. E., & Ullman, J. D. (1
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Josephson, M. (1961). Edison. New Y
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Kolers, P. (1972). Aspects of motio
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Leahey, T. H. (1987). A history of
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Luria, A., Tsvetkova, L., & Futer,
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McNaughton, B., Barnes, C. A., Gerr
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Monelle, R. (2000). The sense of mu
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Oaksford, M., & Chater, N. (1991).
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Peretz, I., Kolinsky, R., Tramo, M.
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Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1980). Computation
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Révész, G. E. (1983). Introductio
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Samuels, R. (1998). Evolutionary ps
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Shepard, R. N. (1984b). Ecological
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Steedman, M. J. (1984). A generativ
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Tolman, E. C. (1932). Purposive beh
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Verfaille, V., Depalle, P., & Wande
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Wexler, K., & Culicover, P. W. (198
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Zittoun, T., Gillespie, A., & Corni
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conduit metaphor, 299-303, 308 cons
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motion correspondence problem, 375-
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Turing equivalence, 95, 152 Turing