Torts - Cases, Principles, and Institutions Fifth Edition, 2016a

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292 Witt & Tani, TCPI 5. Plaintiffs’ Conduct
Witt & Tani, TCPI 5. Plaintiffs’ Conduct Note 1. Parental Waivers. Does your assessment of the considerations underlying the assumption of the risk doctrine change when the person who signed a waiver promising to assume the risk is not the injured party, but a parent or guardian? Should a parent’s assumption of the risk via waiver agreement be effective when they are claiming to assume the risk for their child? When presented with these questions, most states void the agreement as being against public policyeither by applying the Tunkl factors laid out in Dalury, or by noting the special interests of the state in protecting minors. In Cooper v. Aspen Skiing, for example, the Colorado Supreme Court held that a waiver signed by a parent when signing her 17-year old son up for ski racing instruction was void as against public policy. 48 P.3d 1229 (Colo. 2002). “In the tort context especially,” the court said, “a minor should be afforded protection not only from his own improvident decision to release his possible prospective claims . . . but also from unwise decisions made on his behalf by parents who are routinely asked to release their child’s claims for liability.” Id. at 1234. A few states permit parental waivers. The Maryl<strong>and</strong> Court of Appeals (that state’s highest court), for instance, held a parent’s waiver of their child’s right to sue enforceable, noting that parents are entrusted with a wide range of decisions touching directly on their child’s safety. BJ’s Wholesale Club v. Rosen, 80 A.3d 345 (Md. 2013). And in 2003the year after the Colorado Supreme Court had held such waivers unenforceable in Aspen Skiingthe Colorado legislature passed a law permitting parents to waive their child’s right to sue. COLO. REV. STAT. ANN. § 12- 22-107. 293
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