Torts - Cases, Principles, and Institutions Fifth Edition, 2016a

Witt & Tani, TCPI
Notes ............................................................................................................................ 263
Coleman v. Soccer Ass’n. of Columbia ........................................................................... 264
Notes ............................................................................................................................ 267
B. Assumption of Risk ...................................................................................................... 268
1. Implied Assumption of Risk ....................................................................................... 269
Murphy v. Steeplechase Amusement Co. ........................................................................ 269
Notes ............................................................................................................................ 271
Maddox v. City of New York .......................................................................................... 273
Notes ............................................................................................................................ 275
Landings Association, Inc. v. Williams ........................................................................... 277
Notes ............................................................................................................................ 279
2. Express Assumption of the Risk ................................................................................. 281
Dalury v. S-K-I, Ltd. ........................................................................................................ 281
Notes ............................................................................................................................ 284
Waivers in Modern Life ................................................................................................... 288
Note .............................................................................................................................. 293
CHAPTER 6. CAUSATION .................................................................... 294
A. Causation: An Introduction ........................................................................................ 294
LeRoy Fibre Co. v. Chicago, M. & S. P. Railway ........................................................... 294
Notes ............................................................................................................................ 296
B. Causation-in-Fact ......................................................................................................... 299
New York Central R.R. Co. v. Grimstad ......................................................................... 299
Notes ............................................................................................................................ 300
Stubbs v. City of Rochester.............................................................................................. 301
Notes ............................................................................................................................ 304
Zuchowicz v. United States ............................................................................................. 306
Notes ............................................................................................................................ 308
C. Lost Chances and Indeterminate Plaintiffs ............................................................... 311
Herskovits v. Group Health Coop. ................................................................................... 311
Notes ............................................................................................................................ 314
D. The Problem of Multiple Tortfeasors ........................................................................ 316
Kingston v. Chicago & N. W. R. Co................................................................................ 317
Notes ............................................................................................................................ 318
E. Alternative Liability and Indeterminate Defendants ............................................... 319
Summers v. Tice .............................................................................................................. 319
Note .............................................................................................................................. 320
Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories ......................................................................................... 320
Notes ............................................................................................................................ 326
The Substantial Factor Test Revisited ............................................................................. 329
F. Causation Beyond Torts .............................................................................................. 330
1. The Criminal Law ....................................................................................................... 330
2. Employment Discrimination ...................................................................................... 331
3. Environmental Law .................................................................................................... 331
4. Securities Litigation .................................................................................................... 332
5. Psychological Conventions around Causation ........................................................... 332
CHAPTER 7. PROXIMATE (“LEGAL”) CAUSE ............................... 334
A. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 334