A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

4 Morphological patterns and word classes
Table 4.2: Consonant center gradation patterns
strong ↔ weak attested alternations
ʰx ↔ x ʰp‐p, ʰt‐t, ʰk‐k, ʰʦ‐ʦ, ʰʧ‐ʧ
xː ↔ x fː‐f, vː‐v, sː‐s, ʃː‐ʃ, mː‐m, nː‐n, ɲː‐ɲ, rː‐r, lː‐l, jː‐j
ʰpː‐ʰp, ʰtː‐ʰt, ʰkː‐ʰk, ʰʧː‐ʰʧ, ʰʦː‐ʰʦ
xːy ↔ xy pːt‐pt, pːk‐pk, pːʦ‐pʦ, pːʧ‐pʧ, pːs‐ps, pːm‐pm, pːn‐pn,
pːɲ‐pɲ, pːr‐pr, pːl‐pl, pːj‐pj, tːk‐tk, tːm‐tm, tːn‐tn, tːɲ‐tɲ,
kːt‐kt, kːʧ‐kʧ, kːʦ‐kʦ, kːs‐ks, kːʃ‐kʃ, kːŋ‐kŋ, kːl‐kl,
fːt‐, fːn‐n, vːt‐vt, vːk‐vk, vːʦ‐vʦ, vːʧ‐vʧ, vːs‐vs, vːʃ‐vʃ,
vːr‐vr, vːl‐vl, vːj‐vj, sːp‐sp, sːt‐st, sːk‐sk, sːm‐sm, sːn‐sn,
ʃːk‐ʃk,
mːs‐ms, mːʃ‐mʃ, nːt‐nt, ŋːk‐ŋk
rːp‐rp, rːt‐rt, rːk‐rk, rːʦ‐rʦ, rːf‐rf, rːs‐rs, rːʃ‐rʃ, rːf‐rf,
rːv‐rv, rːj‐rj, lːp‐lp, lːt‐lt, lːk‐lk, lːf‐lf, lːv‐lv, lːs‐ls, lːj‐lj,
jːp‐jp, jːt‐jt, jːk‐jk, jːs‐js, jːf‐jf, jːv‐jv, jːr‐jr, jːl‐jl
mːʰp‐mʰp, mːʰk‐mʰk, nːʰt‐nʰt, nːʰʦ‐nʰʦ, ŋːʰk‐ŋʰk,
rːʰp‐rʰp, rːʰt‐rʰt, rːʰk‐rʰk, rːʰʧ‐rʰʧ, rːʰʦ‐rʰʦ, lːʰp‐lʰp, lːʰt‐lʰt,
lːʰk‐lʰk, lːʰʦ‐lʰʦ, lːʰʧ‐lʰʧ, jːʰt‐jʰt, jːʰk‐jʰk, jːʰʧ‐jʰʧ, jːʰʦ‐jʰʦ
xy ↔ y pm‐m, pɲ‐ɲ, tn‐n, tɲ‐ɲ, tj‐j, kŋ‐ŋ
xyz ↔ xz vtn‐vn, vtɲ‐vɲ, rpm‐rm, rtn‐rn, rtj‐rj, lpm‐lm, ltn‐ln,
ltɲ‐lɲ, jpm‐jm, jtn‐jn
The minimal pairs in (3) and (4) are examples of consonant gradation patterns
which differ in a geminate‐singleton alternation. The consonant gradation alternations
illustrated are /vː‐v/ and /rːk‐rk/, respectively, and correspond to the
patterns xː‐x and xːy‐xy.
(3) /saːvːa/ /saːva/
sávva sáva
wish\3sg.prs wish\2sg.prs
(4) /pɛrːko/ /perko/
bärrgo biergo
meat\nom.sg meat\nom.pl
[pit100323a]
[pit090926]
The minimal pairs in (5) and (6) are examples of consonant gradation patterns
in which a phoneme present in the first form is absent in the second form. The
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