A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3 Segmental phonology 3.1.1.7.3 Singleton lateral approximant The segment /l/ is a lateral approximant. It can occur in syllable onset and coda positions. It becomes devoiced [ll̥] towards the end of its realization when preceding a preaspirated phoneme. Some examples are found in (111) through (115). (111) /lɔkev/ lågev [lɔkev] ‘ten’ (112) /pala/ bala [pala] ‘become.scared\2sg.prs’ (113) /kalka-v/ galgav [kalkɑʋ] ‘will-1sg.prs’ (114) /ɔlol/ ålol [ɔlol] ‘jaw\nom.sg’ (115) /salʰpek/ salpek [sall̥pekʰ] ‘antler.tool\nom.sg’ [2313] [6332] [6627] [2257] [4773] 3.1.1.7.4 Geminate lateral approximant The segment /lː/ is a geminate lateral approximant. It only occurs in the consonant center, and it becomes devoiced [ll̥ː] towards the end of its realization when preceding a preaspirated phoneme. This phoneme is found in the examples in (116) and (117). (116) /tɔlːɔ/ dållå [tɔlːɔ] ‘fire\nom.sg’ (117) /ilːʰʧak/ iltjak [ill̥ːʧakʰ] ‘stubborn’ [0421] [0894] 3.1.1.7.5 Singleton central approximant The segment /j/ is a central approximant phoneme. It can occur in syllable onset and coda positions. It becomes devoiced [jj̥] towards the end of its realization when preceding a preaspirated phoneme. Some examples are found in (118) through (122). (118) /jekŋa/ jegŋa [ji͡ek̚ŋa] ‘ice\nom.sg’ (119) /aːja/ ája [aːja] ‘spring\nom.sg’ [0922] [2685] 56
3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijstak [tijstakʰ] ‘Tuesday\nom.sg’ (121) /aːjʰte-n/ ájten [aːjj̥ten] ‘shed-iness.sg’ (122) /aːjːʰtaː-j/ ájjtáj [aːjj̥ːtaːj] ‘shed-ill.sg’ [pit081017.00m57s] [pit100310b.100] [6676] 3.1.1.7.6 Geminate central approximant The segment /jː/ is a geminate central approximant. It only occurs in the consonant center, and becomes devoiced [jj̥ː] towards the end of its realization when preceding a preaspirated phoneme. Examples are found in (123) as well as (122) above. (123) /paːjːa-t/ bájjat [paːjːatʰ] ‘let-inf’ [3439] 3.1.1.8 Sonorants and preaspiration All sonorant phonemes become devoiced towards the end of their realization when preceding a preaspirated plosive or affricate. 13 Since preaspiration is limited to the consonant center, this devoicing is (with the exception of word-final devoiced /r/) also limited to the consonant center. Some near minimal pairs are listed in (124) through (131). (124) /parːko/ barrgo [parːko] ‘job\nom.sg’ (125) /paːrːʰko/ bárrko [paːrr̥ːko] ‘bark\nom.sg’ (126) /kaːmːpal/ gámbal [kaːmːpal] ‘old’ (127) /kumːʰpe/ gummpe [kumm̥ ːpe] ‘wolf\nom.sg’ (128) /riŋːko/ riŋŋgo [rɪŋːko] ‘lasso.ring\nom.sg’ [0146] [0147] [2493] [0671] [2326] 13 Cf. §3.1.1.5.3 for essentially the same phenomenon in voiced fricative phonemes. 57
Page 1 and 2:
A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
Page 3 and 4:
A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
Page 5:
Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
Page 8 and 9:
Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
Page 10 and 11:
Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
Page 13 and 14:
Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
Page 15 and 16:
Symbols and abbreviations - segment
Page 17 and 18:
1 Introduction This description of
Page 19 and 20:
1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
Page 21 and 22: 1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
Page 23 and 24: 1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
Page 39 and 40: 1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
Page 41 and 42: 2 Prosody This description of the p
Page 43 and 44: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
Page 45 and 46: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
Page 47 and 48: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
Page 49 and 50: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
Page 51 and 52: 2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
Page 53 and 54: 3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
Page 55 and 56: 3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
Page 57 and 58: 3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
Page 59 and 60: 3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
Page 61 and 62: 3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
Page 65 and 66: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
Page 67 and 68: 3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
Page 69 and 70: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
Page 71: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
Page 75 and 76: 3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
Page 77 and 78: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
Page 79 and 80: 3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
Page 81 and 82: 3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
Page 83 and 84: 3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
Page 85 and 86: 3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
Page 87 and 88: 3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
Page 89 and 90: 4 Morphological patterns and word c
Page 91 and 92: 4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
Page 93 and 94: 4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
Page 95 and 96: 4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
Page 97 and 98: 4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
Page 99 and 100: 5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
Page 101 and 102: 5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
Page 103 and 104: 5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
Page 105 and 106: 5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
Page 107 and 108: 5.2 The nominal case system clear,
Page 109 and 110: 5.3 Number and case marking on noun
Page 115 and 116: 5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
Page 123 and 124:
5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
Page 125 and 126:
5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
Page 127:
5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
Page 130 and 131:
6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
Page 143 and 144:
7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
Page 145 and 146:
7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
Page 147 and 148:
7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
Page 149 and 150:
7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
Page 151 and 152:
7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
Page 153 and 154:
7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
Page 155 and 156:
7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
Page 157 and 158:
7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
Page 159 and 160:
7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
Page 161 and 162:
7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
Page 163 and 164:
7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
Page 165 and 166:
8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
Page 167 and 168:
8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
Page 169 and 170:
8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
8.4 Morphological marking strategie
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197:
Page 200 and 201:
9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Der
Page 202 and 203:
9 Other word classes (7) A: udtju u
Page 204 and 205:
9 Other word classes prepositions,
Page 206 and 207:
9 Other word classes Saami as other
Page 208 and 209:
9 Other word classes (21) inijmä i
Page 210 and 211:
9 Other word classes The interjecti
Page 212 and 213:
10 Derivational morphology tion ses
Page 214 and 215:
10 Derivational morphology Two othe
Page 216 and 217:
10 Derivational morphology (23) då
Page 218 and 219:
10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
Page 220 and 221:
10 Derivational morphology 10.2.2 T
Page 222 and 223:
10 Derivational morphology the clas
Page 224 and 225:
10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
Page 227 and 228:
11 Phrase types There are five type
Page 229 and 230:
11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
Page 231 and 232:
11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
Page 233 and 234:
11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
Page 235 and 236:
11.3 Adjectival phrases 11.2.1 NPs
Page 237 and 238:
11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
Page 239 and 240:
11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
Page 241 and 242:
12 Overview of the syntax of senten
Page 243 and 244:
12.2 Constituent order at clause le
Page 245 and 246:
12.2 Constituent order at clause le
Page 247 and 248:
13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
Page 249 and 250:
13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
Page 251 and 252:
13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motor
Page 253 and 254:
13.1 Declarative clauses likely the
Page 255 and 256:
13.1 Declarative clauses (28) dä d
Page 257 and 258:
13.1 Declarative clauses (37) iv i-
Page 259 and 260:
13.2 Interrogative clauses Alternat
Page 261 and 262:
13.3 Clauses in the imperative mood
Page 263:
13.4 Clauses in the potential mood
Page 266 and 267:
14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
Page 268 and 269:
14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
Page 270 and 271:
14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
Page 272 and 273:
14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
Page 274 and 275:
14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
Page 277 and 278:
Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
Page 279 and 280:
Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285:
Page 288 and 289:
Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
Page 290 and 291:
Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
Page 292 and 293:
Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
Page 294 and 295:
Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
Page 296 and 297:
Subject index trill, 55 typological
show all

A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?