A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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3 Segmental phonology Table 3.3: Minimal sets or near minimal sets for comparison of stop closure durations (in milliseconds) for plain and preaspirated singletons and geminates set 1 set 2 plain single plain geminate preasp. single preasp. geminate /p/ /pː/ /ʰp/ /ʰpː/ 145-150ms 320-340ms 280-340ms 460-490ms short medium long [tɔpe] [tupːen] [tɔhpe] [tɔhpːo] 150ms 320ms 340ms 490ms house\gen.sg outside house\nom.sg sheath\nom.sg [pit100310b] [3581] [pit100310b] [3627] [naːperti-t] [nupːe] [naːhpe] [naːhpːe] 145ms 340ms 280ms 460ms drill-inf other milking.bowl\nom.pl milking.bowl\nom.sg [3378] [1317] [pit080917a] [pit080917a] stop, which is then released into a sibilant fricative. These are described on the following pages. Table 3.4: Affricate phonemes and their realizations /ʦ/ : [ʦ] /ʦː/ : [tːs] /ʰʦ/ : [hʦ] [ ̥ʦ] [çʦ] /ʰʦː/ : [htːs] /ʧ/ : [ʧ] /ʧː/ : [tːʃ] /ʰʧ/ : [hʧ] [ ̥ʧ] [çʧ] /ʰʧː/ : [htːʃ] 3.1.1.4.1 Plain singleton affricates The segments /ʦ ʧ/ are unvoiced alveolar and postalveolar (respectively) singleton affricate phonemes. Both can occur in syllable onset position. Examples can be found in (56) through (59). (56) /ʦisːa-t/ tsissat [ʦisːatʰ] ‘pee-inf’ [3700] 46
3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båtsoj [pɔʦoj] ‘reindeer\nom.sg’ (58) /ʧaːʦe-v/ tjátsev [ʧaːʦev] ‘water-gen.sg’ (59) /pɔʧesti-t/ båtjestit [pɔʧestitʰ] ‘wring-inf’ [0263] [1861] [0262] The postalveolar affricate /ʧ/ can also occur in word-final 7 position, frequently as the diminutive suffix -tj, as in (60). (60) /petnaka-ʧ/ bednagatj [pet̚nakaʧ] ‘dog-dim\nom.sg’ [5717] 3.1.1.4.2 Plain geminate affricates The segments /ʦː ʧː/ are unvoiced alveolar and postalveolar (respectively) geminate affricate phonemes. As with all other geminates, the affricate geminates only occur in the consonant center. The duration of the stop closure is longer in geminate affricates compared to their singleton affricate counterparts, while the duration of the fricative element is not relevant. Examples can be found in (61) and (62). (61) /vaːʦːe-t/ vádtset [va:tːsetʰ] ‘go-inf’ (62) /ʧiʧːe/ tjidtje [ʧitːʃe] ‘mother\nom.sg’ [2049] [3618] 3.1.1.4.3 Preaspirated singleton affricates The segments /ʰʦ ʰʧ/ are preaspirated alveolar and postalveolar (respectively) singleton affricate phonemes. Just as with the preaspirated plosives, the preaspirated affricates only occur as the sole consonant or the final consonant in the consonant center. The phonetic realization of preaspiration depends on the preceding phoneme, as described in §3.1.1.1. Examples can be found in (63) through (65). (63) /puʰʦu/ buhtsu [puhʦu] ‘reindeer\nom.pl’ [pit110413b.085] 7 There is one particle guts with the alveolar affricate in final position, but it is not clear what this is or whether it is /ʦ/ or /tʦ/ in the consonant center (it is spelled inconsistently, as well). Noticeably, it is monosyllabic, and could be an abbreviated form of a typical bisyllabic word which has been lexicalized in its rapid-speech form, in which case it was historically in wordmedial position. 47
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
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Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
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Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
Page 13 and 14: Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
Page 15 and 16: Symbols and abbreviations - segment
Page 17 and 18: 1 Introduction This description of
Page 19 and 20: 1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
Page 21 and 22: 1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
Page 23 and 24: 1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
Page 39 and 40: 1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
Page 41 and 42: 2 Prosody This description of the p
Page 43 and 44: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
Page 45 and 46: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
Page 47 and 48: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
Page 49 and 50: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
Page 51 and 52: 2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
Page 53 and 54: 3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
Page 55 and 56: 3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
Page 57 and 58: 3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
Page 59 and 60: 3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
Page 61: 3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
Page 65 and 66: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
Page 67 and 68: 3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
Page 69 and 70: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
Page 71 and 72: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
Page 73 and 74: 3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
Page 75 and 76: 3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
Page 77 and 78: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
Page 79 and 80: 3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
Page 81 and 82: 3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
Page 83 and 84: 3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
Page 85 and 86: 3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
Page 87 and 88: 3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
Page 89 and 90: 4 Morphological patterns and word c
Page 91 and 92: 4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
Page 93 and 94: 4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
Page 95 and 96: 4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
Page 97 and 98: 4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
Page 99 and 100: 5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
Page 101 and 102: 5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
Page 103 and 104: 5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
Page 105 and 106: 5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
Page 107 and 108: 5.2 The nominal case system clear,
Page 109 and 110: 5.3 Number and case marking on noun
Page 111 and 112: 5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
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5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
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5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
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7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
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7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
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7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
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7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
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7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
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7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
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7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
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7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
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7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
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7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
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7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
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8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
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8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
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8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
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8.4 Morphological marking strategie
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8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
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9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Der
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9 Other word classes (7) A: udtju u
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9 Other word classes prepositions,
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9 Other word classes Saami as other
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9 Other word classes (21) inijmä i
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9 Other word classes The interjecti
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10 Derivational morphology tion ses
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10 Derivational morphology Two othe
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10 Derivational morphology (23) då
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10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
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10 Derivational morphology 10.2.2 T
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10 Derivational morphology the clas
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10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
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11 Phrase types There are five type
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11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
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11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
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11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
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11.3 Adjectival phrases 11.2.1 NPs
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11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
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11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
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12 Overview of the syntax of senten
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
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13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motor
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13.1 Declarative clauses likely the
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13.1 Declarative clauses (28) dä d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (37) iv i-
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13.2 Interrogative clauses Alternat
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13.3 Clauses in the imperative mood
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13.4 Clauses in the potential mood
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14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
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14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
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14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
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14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
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14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
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Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
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Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
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Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
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Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
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Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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