A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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3 Segmental phonology For all other consonants, the overall duration of a geminate is longer than for the corresponding singleton consonant. Examples of such geminates are provided in (10) through (20). (10) /taːfːo/ dáffo [taːfːo] ‘area\nom.sg’ [2367] (11) /raːvːe/ rávve [raːvːe] ‘peace\nom.sg’ (12) /ɔsːe/ åsse [ɔsːe] ‘part\nom.sg’ (13) /ɔʃːe/ åssje [ɔʃːe] ‘horsetail\nom.sg’ (14) /ɲamːa/ njamma [ɲamːa] ‘suck\3sg.prs’ (15) /pinːa/ binna [pinːa] ‘little.bit\nom.sg’ (16) /maɲːe/ mannje [maɲːe] ‘daughter.in.law\nom.sg’ (17) /maŋːel/ maŋŋel [maŋːel] ‘after’ (18) /kɔrːoti-t/ gårrodit [kɔrːotɪtʰ] ‘ice.over-inf’ (19) /tɔlːɔ/ dållå [tɔlːɔ] ‘fire\nom.sg’ (20) /paːjːa-t/ bájjat [paːjːatʰ] ‘let-inf’ [1366] [2269] [2270] [pit080701b.005a] [2446] [pit080621.74m04s] [pit080924.529] [4693] [0421] [3439] Due mostly to the nature of morphophonemic stem alternations, there are numerous minimal pairs differing only in the presence of a singleton versus a geminate consonant; cf. §4.1.2.1 on consonant gradation for examples. It is also possible to have geminate fricative or sonorant phonemes, as described above, followed by a plosive or affricate phoneme, as illustrated by the examples in (21) through (24). 40
3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bävvde [pɛvːte] ‘table\nom.sg’ (22) /lusːpe/ lusspe [lusːpe] ‘rapids\nom.sg’ (23) /kalːka/ gallga [kalːka] ‘will\3sg.prs’ (24) /kaːrːʰʧe/ gárrtje [kaːrr̥ʧe] ‘tight\pred.sg’ [0289] [1077] [6626] [0554] A series of two identical consonant phonemes can arise at the internal stem boundary of a compound. In such cases, the resulting duration can be longer than for a single plosive, but is not necessarily so, as the two phonemes are often realized as a singleton, as in (25). (25) /ʧepot+taːk:te/ tjiebotdákkte 2 [ʧi͡epotaːkʰte] ‘cervical.vertebra\nom.sg’ [3771] Due to the morpheme boundary separating such segments, it is clear that this is not a case of a geminate phoneme, even if the realization may resemble that of a geminate. 3.1.1.3 Plosives The plosive series in Pite Saami consists of the phonemes and their phonetic realizations shown in Table 3.2 on the next page. The distribution of the allophones will be discussed here. As all three relevant places of articulation behave in much the same way, the various manners of articulation for each place will be treated together. 3.1.1.3.1 Voiceless singleton plosives The segments /p t k/ are bilabial, alveolar and velar (respectively) voiceless singleton plosive phonemes. The voiceless singleton plosives can occur in all prosodic consonant positions and are subject to allophonic variation, depending on the prosodic environment. In syllable-onset position, a plain (unaspirated) voiceless plosive [p t k] is produced, as seen in examples (26) through (32). 2 The word tjiebotdákkte literally means ‘throat-bone’, cf. tjiebot ‘throat’ and dákkte ‘bone’. 41
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
Page 5: Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
Page 8 and 9: Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
Page 10 and 11: Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
Page 13 and 14: Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
Page 15 and 16: Symbols and abbreviations - segment
Page 17 and 18: 1 Introduction This description of
Page 19 and 20: 1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
Page 21 and 22: 1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
Page 23 and 24: 1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
Page 39 and 40: 1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
Page 41 and 42: 2 Prosody This description of the p
Page 43 and 44: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
Page 45 and 46: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
Page 47 and 48: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
Page 49 and 50: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
Page 51 and 52: 2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
Page 53 and 54: 3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
Page 55: 3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
Page 59 and 60: 3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
Page 61 and 62: 3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
Page 65 and 66: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
Page 67 and 68: 3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
Page 69 and 70: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
Page 71 and 72: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
Page 73 and 74: 3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
Page 75 and 76: 3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
Page 77 and 78: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
Page 79 and 80: 3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
Page 81 and 82: 3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
Page 83 and 84: 3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
Page 85 and 86: 3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
Page 87 and 88: 3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
Page 89 and 90: 4 Morphological patterns and word c
Page 91 and 92: 4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
Page 93 and 94: 4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
Page 95 and 96: 4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
Page 97 and 98: 4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
Page 99 and 100: 5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
Page 101 and 102: 5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
Page 103 and 104: 5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
Page 105 and 106: 5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
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5.2 The nominal case system clear,
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5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
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5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
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5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
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7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
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7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
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7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
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7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
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7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
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7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
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7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
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7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
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7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
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7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
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7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
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8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
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8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
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8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
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8.4 Morphological marking strategie
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8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
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9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Der
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9 Other word classes (7) A: udtju u
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9 Other word classes prepositions,
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9 Other word classes Saami as other
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9 Other word classes (21) inijmä i
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9 Other word classes The interjecti
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10 Derivational morphology tion ses
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10 Derivational morphology Two othe
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10 Derivational morphology (23) då
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10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
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10 Derivational morphology 10.2.2 T
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10 Derivational morphology the clas
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10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
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11 Phrase types There are five type
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11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
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11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
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11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
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11.3 Adjectival phrases 11.2.1 NPs
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11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
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11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
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12 Overview of the syntax of senten
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
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13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motor
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13.1 Declarative clauses likely the
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13.1 Declarative clauses (28) dä d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (37) iv i-
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13.2 Interrogative clauses Alternat
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13.3 Clauses in the imperative mood
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13.4 Clauses in the potential mood
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14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
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14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
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14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
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14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
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14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
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Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
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Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
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Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
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Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
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Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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