A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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2 Prosody Table 2.5: Logically possible syllabification patterns for the consonant center C-center segment count one C two Cs three Cs possible patterns V.CV VC.V V.CCV VC.CV VCC.V V.CCCV VC.CCV VCC.CV VCCC.V highly unusual onsets (such as /vkŋ/, /pm/ or /vɲ/) unattested in any other onset positions. Similarly, trying to maximize codas, the patterns VCCC.V and VCC.V would also result in highly unusual codas (such as /vkŋ/ or /vɲ/) unattested in any other coda positions. While the pattern VCC.CV would also create some otherwise unattested codas (such as /vt/ or /rk/), these are phonologically similar to attested word-final codas such as /st/ or /jk/ (also fricative+plosive and oral-sonorant+plosive, respectively). The patterns VC.CV, V.CV and VC.V result in onsets and codas which are not unusual. However, keeping in mind the far greater diversity of single consonant phonemes licensed in word-initial onset position compared to word-final coda position, syllabification favoring singleton onset consonants results in onsets and codas which most resemble word-initial onsets and word-final codas. Note that even then, onsets and codas in positions other than the consonant center form subsets of the possibilities in consonant center position (with the exception of a few non-native word-onset clusters). It is therefore most plausible that syllables are assigned a single consonant segment as an onset in syllabification. The examples in (4) through (9) show some results of this syllabification for a variety of consonant constellations in the consonant center. (4) /anaː/ aná [a.naː] ‘have\2sg.prs’ (5) /atne-t/ adnet [at̚.net] ‘have-inf’ (6) /lokta/ luokta [lʊ͡okʰ.ta] ‘bay\nom.pl’ (7) /kisto-ʧ/ gistotj [kis.toʧ] ‘box-dim’ [6278] [0006] [pit080702b.54m38s] [6048] 32
2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8) /parka-v/ bargav [par.kaʋ] ‘work-1sg.prs’ (9) /ʧaːjpma-t/ tjájbmat [ʧaːjp̚.matʰ] ‘laugh-inf’ [6241] [pit100323a.001] This syllabification preference for a single onset segment can be applied to syllable boundaries outside of the consonant center, as shown in (10) and (11). (10) /saːkasti-t/ ságastit [saː.kas.titʰ] ‘speak-inf’ (11) /ɛvu-jna/ ävujna [ɛ.vuj.na] ‘happiness-com.sg’ [1480] [4372] When the consonant center consists of a geminate phoneme (cf. §3.1.1.2), there is no phonological test which indicates where the syllable boundary is located; indeed, this syllable boundary is likely not relevant in Pite Saami phonology. With this in mind, a symbolic syllable boundary is postulated somewhere within a phonological geminate; this divides the geminate symbolically into two component parts and results in syllables conforming to a syllable template with a singleton in the onset. In the examples in (12) through (15), this symbolic boundary is placed in the middle of the geminate. (12) /pɔtːɔ/ båddå [pɔt̚.tɔ] ‘while\nom.sg’ (13) /namːa/ namma [nam.ma] ‘name\nom.sg’ (14) /naːʰpːe/ náhppe [naːhp̚.pe] ‘milking.cup\nom.sg’ (15) /aːʰʧːe/ áhttje [aːht̚.ʧe] ‘father\nom.sg’ [0231] [3433] [pit080621.54m38s] [0016] If a geminate precedes another consonant segment in the consonant cluster, the syllabification border is after the geminate, as in (16): (16) /pisːte/ bisste [pisː.te] ‘spoon\nom.sg’ [0190] 33
Page 1 and 2: A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
Page 3 and 4: A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
Page 5: Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
Page 8 and 9: Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
Page 10 and 11: Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
Page 13 and 14: Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
Page 15 and 16: Symbols and abbreviations - segment
Page 17 and 18: 1 Introduction This description of
Page 19 and 20: 1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
Page 21 and 22: 1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
Page 23 and 24: 1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
Page 39 and 40: 1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
Page 41 and 42: 2 Prosody This description of the p
Page 43 and 44: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
Page 45 and 46: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
Page 47: 2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
Page 51 and 52: 2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
Page 53 and 54: 3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
Page 55 and 56: 3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
Page 57 and 58: 3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
Page 59 and 60: 3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
Page 61 and 62: 3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
Page 65 and 66: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
Page 67 and 68: 3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
Page 69 and 70: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
Page 71 and 72: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
Page 73 and 74: 3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
Page 75 and 76: 3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
Page 77 and 78: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
Page 79 and 80: 3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
Page 81 and 82: 3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
Page 83 and 84: 3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
Page 85 and 86: 3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
Page 87 and 88: 3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
Page 89 and 90: 4 Morphological patterns and word c
Page 91 and 92: 4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
Page 93 and 94: 4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
Page 95 and 96: 4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
Page 97 and 98: 4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
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5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
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5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
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5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
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5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
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5.2 The nominal case system clear,
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5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
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5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
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5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
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7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
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7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
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7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
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7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
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7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
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7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
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7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
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7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
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7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
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7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
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7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
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8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
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8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
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8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
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8.4 Morphological marking strategie
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8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
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9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Der
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9 Other word classes (7) A: udtju u
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9 Other word classes prepositions,
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9 Other word classes Saami as other
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9 Other word classes (21) inijmä i
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9 Other word classes The interjecti
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10 Derivational morphology tion ses
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10 Derivational morphology Two othe
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10 Derivational morphology (23) då
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10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
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10 Derivational morphology 10.2.2 T
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10 Derivational morphology the clas
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10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
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11 Phrase types There are five type
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11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
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11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
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11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
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11.3 Adjectival phrases 11.2.1 NPs
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11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
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11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
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12 Overview of the syntax of senten
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
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13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motor
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13.1 Declarative clauses likely the
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13.1 Declarative clauses (28) dä d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (37) iv i-
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13.2 Interrogative clauses Alternat
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13.3 Clauses in the imperative mood
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13.4 Clauses in the potential mood
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14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
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14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
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14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
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14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
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14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
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Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
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Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
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Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
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Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
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Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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