A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin men ijtji-n but ednen edne-n del del bårå bårå dan d-a-n siste, siste neg-3pl.pst obviously eat\conneg dem-dist-gen.sg out have-3pl.pst sinne sinne in biebmojd biebmo-jd food-acc.pl biergojd biergo-jd meat-acc.pl ja ja and dále dále now návte návte like.this men men but deggara deggara such\gen.pl ‘But they obviously didn’t eat out of that, but they had food, meat and so on in such things.’ [pit080708_Session03.019] When jala and eller function as clausal coordinators in the corpus, they are mostly used to indicate meta-language commentary showing that the second clause is an alternate or amended version of the first clause, as in (3), rather than to provide clause-level alternatives. (3) dále’l dále=l now=be\3sg.prs “unna unna small gámbal dåhpe, gámbal dåhpe jala almatj jala almatj hållå hållå old house\nom.sg or person\nom.sg say\3sg.prs dåbátj” dåbá-tj house-dim\nom.sg ‘Now this is the old house, or one says “the little house”.’ [pit100310b.047-049] 14.2 Clausal subordination Certain types of Pite Saami clauses can be subordinate to another clause or to a nominal phrase. When embedded at clause-level, a subordinate clause can be either a complement clause or an adverbial clause, depending on whether it fills an argument or an adverbial role. These two types of subordinate clause are described in §14.2.1 and §14.2.2, respectively. Subordinate clauses featuring nonfinite verb forms are likely also found in Pite Saami, a possibility which is dealt with briefly in §14.2.3. Finally, relative clauses are covered in §14.2.4. 14.2.1 Complement clauses A complement clause fills an argument slot of the verbal predicate in the matrix clause it belongs to. There are a variety of complement clause constructions, and 250
14.2 Clausal subordination both finite and infinitive predicates are possible. Complement clauses can be marked by a complementizer or can stand in juxtaposition to the matrix clause. The different complement clause marking strategies are summarized in Table 14.1 and described in the following sections. Table 14.1: Types of complement clause marking predicate type finite infinitive subordination strategy complementizer att juxtaposition juxtaposition 14.2.1.1 Complement clauses with a finite predicate Complement clauses with a fully inflected finite predicate are attested using one of two strategies. First, the borrowed complementizer att 3 can mark a complement clause. In such cases, the complement clause typically follows the matrix clause. The complementizer is in clause-initial position in the complement clause. Examples can be found in (4) and (5). (4) ja ja dä dä mån mån hålåv hålå-v att att and then 1sg.nom say-1sg.prs subord ‘And then I say that I want to poop.’ (5) men mån men mån but sidav bajket sida-v bajke-t want-1sg.prs poop-inf diedav dieda-v att att háre háre lä lä know-1sg.prs subord greyling\nom.pl be\3pl.prs 1sg.nom jávren jávre-n lake-iness.sg ‘But I know that there are greyling in the lake.’ [pit080924.591] [pit100404.052] Secondly, complement clauses with a finite predicate may be juxtaposed to the matrix clause they belong to. The complement clause typically follows the matrix clause. Verbs hosting such complements include jáhkket ‘believe’, diehtet ‘know’, hållåt ‘say’ and tuhtjet ‘like’. Examples can be found in (6) through (8). 3 Cf. the Swedish marker att, which is also a complementizer. 251
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
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Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
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Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
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Symbols and abbreviations - segment
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1 Introduction This description of
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
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1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
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2 Prosody This description of the p
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
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2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
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3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
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3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
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3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
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3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
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3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
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3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
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3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
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3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
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3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
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3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
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3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
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3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
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4 Morphological patterns and word c
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4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
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4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
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4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
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4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
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5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
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5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
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5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
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5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
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5.2 The nominal case system clear,
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5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
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5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
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5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
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7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
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7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
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7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
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7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
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7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
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7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
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7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
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7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
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7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
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7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
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7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
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8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
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8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
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8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
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8.4 Morphological marking strategie
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8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
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9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Der
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9 Other word classes (7) A: udtju u
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9 Other word classes prepositions,
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9 Other word classes Saami as other
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9 Other word classes (21) inijmä i
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9 Other word classes The interjecti
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10 Derivational morphology tion ses
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10 Derivational morphology Two othe
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Page 218 and 219: 10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
Page 220 and 221: 10 Derivational morphology 10.2.2 T
Page 222 and 223: 10 Derivational morphology the clas
Page 224 and 225: 10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
Page 227 and 228: 11 Phrase types There are five type
Page 229 and 230: 11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
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Page 233 and 234: 11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
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Page 237 and 238: 11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
Page 239 and 240: 11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
Page 241 and 242: 12 Overview of the syntax of senten
Page 243 and 244: 12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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Page 247 and 248: 13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
Page 249 and 250: 13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
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Page 268 and 269: 14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
Page 270 and 271: 14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
Page 272 and 273: 14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
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Page 277 and 278: Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
Page 279 and 280: Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
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Page 288 and 289: Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
Page 290 and 291: Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
Page 292 and 293: Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
Page 294 and 295: Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
Page 296 and 297: Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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