A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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13 Basic clauses 13.1.5.2 The aspectual auxiliary verb årrot The auxiliary verb årrot ‘be’ together with a non-finite complement verb is used to mark the perfective and progressive aspects. This auxiliary verb is homophonous with the copular verb, and is also glossed as ‘be’. In the perfective aspect, the complement verb is in a non-finite form marked by the suffix -m as in (33) and (34), while the progressive non-finite verb is marked by the suffix -min as in (35) and (36), respectively. (33) denne liv denne li-v riegadam riegada-m there be-1sg.prs be.born-prf ‘I was born there.’ [pit090702.008] (34) lä lä dån dån 2sg.nom mannam manna-m go-prf nagin bále nagin bále ja ja tjuvvum tjuvvu-m some time\gen.sg and accompany-prf be\2sg.prs Vistegij? Visteg-ij Vistek-ill.sg ‘Have you ever gone and accompanied (them) to Vistek?’ (35) men mån men mån but lev tjåjvev le-v tjåjve-v 1sg.nom be-1sg.prs stomach-acc.sg ‘But I’m cutting out the stomach.’ (36) nå, nå mav ma-v lä lä låhkåmin? låhkå-min well what-acc.sg be\3sg.prs read-prog ‘Well, what is he studying?’ (lit.: reading) ruhtastemin ruhtaste-min cut-prog ullgus ullgus out [pit080924.630] [pit080909.054] [pit080924.667] 13.1.5.3 The negation verb Pite Saami clause negation is expressed by a special finite negation verb. Unlike other verbs, the negation verb does not have an infinitive or any other non-finite form, but is always a finite verb (cf. §8.5.8). As such, it always agrees in person and number with the subject of the clause, and inflects for tense and mood as well. 13 The complement verb occurs in a special non-finite form called the connegative. Examples for the negative verb can be found in (37) through (39). 13 In this respect, Pite Saami differs significantly from for instance North Saami negative clauses in which the main verb and not the finite negation verb inflects for tense (cf. Svonni 2009: 92). 240
13.1 Declarative clauses (37) iv i-v jáhke jáhke neg-1sg.prs believe\conneg ‘I don’t believe so.’ [pit090702.411] (38) ittjij ittji-j åbbå gävdno åbbå gävdno vuodja vuodja åsstet åsste-t neg-3sg.pst at.all exist\conneg butter\nom.sg buy-inf ‘There wasn’t any butter to buy at all.’ [pit080708_Session03.006] (39) men ijtjin men ijtji-n del del bårå bårå dan d-a-n sisste sisste but neg-3pl.pst then eat\conneg dem-dist-gen.sg out ‘But they didn’t eat out of this.’ [pit080708_Session03.019] In the examples above, the non-finite complement to the connegative verb is a lexical verb. In the following examples in (40) through (42), the complement connegative verb is a modal or auxiliary verb whose own complement then follows in the appropriate non-finite form. (40) ij ij vanj dä vanj dä máhte máhte ilá ilá neg\3sg.prs well then can\conneg too ‘But you can’t have too big of a fire.’ stuor dålåv stuor dålå-v adnet adne-t big fire-acc.sg have-inf [pit090702.176] (41) dä dä iv i-v lä lä åbbå gullam åbbå gulla-m dav d-a-v then neg-1sg.prs be\conneg at.all hear-prf dem-dist-acc.sg ‘I haven’t heard that at all.’ [pit090702.203] (42) nej, mån nej mån iv i-v lä lä no 1sg.nom neg-1sg.prs be\conneg bårråm, bårrå-m eat-prf Jåssjå’l bårråm Jåssjå=l bårrå-m Josh\nom.sg=be\3sg.prs eat-prf ‘No, I haven’t eaten (it), but Josh has eaten (it).’ men men but [pit090519.147] While Pite Saami constituent order is generally flexible (cf. §12.2), there are no examples in the corpus of the verb of negation occurring after the negated complement, but instead the connegative complement verb always follows the finite negation verb in a clause. 241
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
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Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
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Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
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Symbols and abbreviations - segment
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1 Introduction This description of
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
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1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
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2 Prosody This description of the p
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
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2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
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3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
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3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
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3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
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3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
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3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
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3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
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3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
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3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
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3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
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3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
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3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
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3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
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4 Morphological patterns and word c
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4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
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4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
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4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
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4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
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5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
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5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
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5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
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5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
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5.2 The nominal case system clear,
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5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
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5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
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5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
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7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
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7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
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7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
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7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
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7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
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7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
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7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
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7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
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7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
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7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
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7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
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8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
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8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
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8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
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8.4 Morphological marking strategie
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8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
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9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Der
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9 Other word classes (7) A: udtju u
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9 Other word classes prepositions,
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Page 208 and 209: 9 Other word classes (21) inijmä i
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Page 212 and 213: 10 Derivational morphology tion ses
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Page 216 and 217: 10 Derivational morphology (23) då
Page 218 and 219: 10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
Page 220 and 221: 10 Derivational morphology 10.2.2 T
Page 222 and 223: 10 Derivational morphology the clas
Page 224 and 225: 10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
Page 227 and 228: 11 Phrase types There are five type
Page 229 and 230: 11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
Page 231 and 232: 11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
Page 233 and 234: 11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
Page 235 and 236: 11.3 Adjectival phrases 11.2.1 NPs
Page 237 and 238: 11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
Page 239 and 240: 11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
Page 241 and 242: 12 Overview of the syntax of senten
Page 243 and 244: 12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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Page 247 and 248: 13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
Page 249 and 250: 13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
Page 251 and 252: 13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motor
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Page 261 and 262: 13.3 Clauses in the imperative mood
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Page 266 and 267: 14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
Page 268 and 269: 14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
Page 270 and 271: 14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
Page 272 and 273: 14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
Page 274 and 275: 14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
Page 277 and 278: Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
Page 279 and 280: Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
Page 285: Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
Page 288 and 289: Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
Page 290 and 291: Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
Page 292 and 293: Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
Page 294 and 295: Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
Page 296 and 297: Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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