A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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13 Basic clauses 13.1.5.1 Modal verbs Modal verbs are used to express modality for the event denoted by the verbal complement. The complementing verb is in the infinitive (marked by the suffix -t). Modal verbs include máhttat ‘can, be able to’, ådtjot 10 ‘may, be allowed to’, virrtit ‘must’, hähttut 11 ‘must’, sihtat ‘want’ and gallgat ‘will/shall’. Some examples are provided in (24) through (26). (24) tjátsev tjátse-v ådtjobihtet juhgat ådtjo-bihtet juhga-t water-acc.sg may-2pl.prs drink-inf ‘You all may drink water from that.’ dasste d-a-sste dem-dist-iness.sg (25) ja ja dä dä del del virrtin virrti-n allget allge-t bäbbmat bäbbma-t and then well must-3pl.pst begin-inf feed-inf ‘And then they had to start to feed (the reindeer).’ [pit090519.022] [pit100405a.029] (26) mij mij máhttep máhtte-p ságastit ságasti-t Bidumsáme Bidum-sáme gielav giela-v 1pl.nom can-1pl.prs speak-inf Pite-Saami\gen.sg language-acc.sg ‘We can speak the Pite Saami language.’ [pit110517b2.022] The modal verb sihtat ‘want’ behaves the same when the subject of the complementing verb complex is coreferential with the subject of the matrix clause, as in (27). (27) mån mån sidav sida-v gulijd guli-jd adnet adne-t 1sg.nom want-1sg.prs fish-acc.pl have-inf ‘I want to have fish.’ [pit090702.012] However, when the subject of the modal verb sihtat is not coreferential with the subject of the complementing verb complex, then a finite verb clause is the complement to the modal verb, as in the negated clause in (28). Note that, here, sihtat is in the connegative non-finite form sida. 10 The modal verb ådtjot ‘be allowed to’ is homophonous with the full verb ådtjot ‘get, receive’. This pattern is found in Swedish, as well, with the verb få ‘be allowed to’ and ‘receive’, and in English, e.g.: ‘I get to go to the movies’. 11 The word hähttut ‘must’ is likely limited to northern dialects of Pite Saami. 238
13.1 Declarative clauses (28) dä dä ij del i-j del then neg-3sg.prs obviously almatj sida almatj sida person\nom.sg want\conneg sadjáj vuällget sadjá-j vuällge-t place-ill.sg go-inf ‘Then one obviously doesn’t want to go anywhere.’ nagin nagin some [pit080924.052] The modal verb gallgat ‘will’ can also be used to locate events in the future, as in (29) through (31) below. (29) dä dä (30) jo, jo galgav såmes mujjtemuv galga-v såmes mujjtemu-v then will-1sg.prs some memory-acc.sg ‘Then I will tell (you) a memory.’ da da lä lä akta akta yes then be\3sg.prs one vuoberis, vuoberis 12 buck\nom.sg ságastit ságasti-t say-inf gallga gallga will\3sg.prs giesset giesse-t pull-inf [pit100703a.001] ulgus ulgus out ‘Yes, it’s a 3-year old reindeer buck, (he) will pull (it) out.’ [pit080909.016-017] (31) gallgap gallga-p dav d-a-v will-1pl.prs dem-dist-acc.sg ‘We will get that book.’ girjev ådtjot girje-v ådtjo-t book-acc.sg get-inf [pit110517b2.022] The modal verb gallgat ‘will’ is often used in conditional clauses, as in (32). (32) jus galga jus galga if mielagav mielaga-v sáme viesov sáme vieso-v will\3sg.prs Saami\gen.sg life-acc.sg dal dal sternum-acc.sg then so navt navt rutastit rutasti-t pull-inf valldet, vallde-t dä dä galga galga take-inf then will\3sg.prs ‘If I choose Saami style, then I will pull the sternum like this.’ [pit080909.097] 12 Specifically, a vuoberis is a three-year-old reindeer buck, but the gloss has been shortened to save space. 239
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
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Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
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Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
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Symbols and abbreviations - segment
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1 Introduction This description of
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
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1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
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2 Prosody This description of the p
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
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2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
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3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
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3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
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3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
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3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
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3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
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3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
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3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
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3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
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3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
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3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
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3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
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3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
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4 Morphological patterns and word c
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4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
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4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
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4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
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4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
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5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
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5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
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5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
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5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
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5.2 The nominal case system clear,
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5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
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5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
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5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
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7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
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7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
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7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
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7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
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7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
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7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
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7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
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7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
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7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
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7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
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7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
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8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
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8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
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8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
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8.4 Morphological marking strategie
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8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
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9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Der
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9 Other word classes (7) A: udtju u
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Page 212 and 213: 10 Derivational morphology tion ses
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Page 218 and 219: 10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
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Page 222 and 223: 10 Derivational morphology the clas
Page 224 and 225: 10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
Page 227 and 228: 11 Phrase types There are five type
Page 229 and 230: 11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
Page 231 and 232: 11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
Page 233 and 234: 11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
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Page 237 and 238: 11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
Page 239 and 240: 11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
Page 241 and 242: 12 Overview of the syntax of senten
Page 243 and 244: 12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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Page 247 and 248: 13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
Page 249 and 250: 13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
Page 251 and 252: 13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motor
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Page 259 and 260: 13.2 Interrogative clauses Alternat
Page 261 and 262: 13.3 Clauses in the imperative mood
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Page 266 and 267: 14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
Page 268 and 269: 14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
Page 270 and 271: 14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
Page 272 and 273: 14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
Page 274 and 275: 14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
Page 277 and 278: Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
Page 279 and 280: Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
Page 285: Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
Page 288 and 289: Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
Page 290 and 291: Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
Page 292 and 293: Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
Page 294 and 295: Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
Page 296 and 297: Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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