A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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13 Basic clauses (11) mån mån vaddav vadda-v gålbmå buhtsujda gålbmå buhtsu-jda biebmov biebmo-v 1sg.nom give-1sg.prs three reindeer-ill.pl food-acc.sg ‘I give food to three reindeer.’ [pit110413b.156]e (12) mån mån vaddav vadda-v dunje dunje fahtsajt fahtsa-jt 1sg.nom give-1sg.prs 2sg.ill glove-acc.pl ‘I give gloves to you.’ [pit080926.01m01s]e 13.1.3 Existential clauses The verb gävdnut 2 is used as an existential verb. 3 The item whose existence is posited is the syntactic subject of the sentence and thus in the nominative case, which gävdnut agrees in person and number with. Examples can be found in (13) and (14). (13) váren váre-n gävdnu aj gävdnu aj mountain-iness.sg exist\3pl.prs also juomo juomo sorrel\nom.pl ‘There is sorrel in the mountains, too.’ (lit.: there are sorrels…) [pit080924.178] (14) dal dal itjij itji-j gävndoj gävndoj now neg-3sg.pst exist\conneg aktak aktak any ‘There isn’t a single tjårvebielle 4 now.’ tjårvebielle tjårve-bielle horn-half\nom.sg [pit100405b.021] The subject frequently follows the verb because the subject is often the focus of the clause, but as the clause in (15) shows, the subject may occur before the verb if it is the topic and/or is presupposed knowledge (cf. §12.2.1 on information structure). 2 Much like its Swedish counterpart finnas, which is a derivation of the verb finna ‘find’, the Pite Saami verb gävdnut is derived from the verb gávdnat ‘find’. 3 Note that a copular clause containing an adjunct can also be used as an existential; cf. §13.1.4. 4 A tjårvebielle (lit.: horn-hal) is a term used to describe a reindeer with only one antler remaining after the other antler has broken off. 234
13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motora motora vadnasij. vadnasi-j motor\gen.sg boat-com.pl sáme sáme Saami\gen.sg “motora” motora “motor” gielan giela-n language-iness.sg ij gävdnu ij gävdnu neg\3sg.prs exist\conneg ‘…with motor boats. There is no (word for) “motor” in the Saami language.’ [pit080924.482,484] 13.1.4 Copular clauses There are several types of copular clauses in Pite Saami. All of these feature the copular verb årrot ‘be’ (see §8.5.7 for more details). Copular clauses can be used to express a variety of information about the subject referent, and these are discussed below. When the complement of the copula is an NP in nominative case, it identifies or classifies the subject referent, as in (16) and (17), respectively. (16) Mattijá Mattijá lij li-j morbror morbror 5 munje munje Matthias\nom.sg be-3sg.pst maternal.uncle\nom.sg 1sg.ill ‘Matthias was my maternal uncle.’ [pit0906_Ahkajavvre_a.007] (17) mån mån lev le-v sábme sábme 1sg.nom be-1sg.prs Saami\nom.sg ‘I am a Saami.’ [pit080813.00m35s] The complement of a copular clause can be one or more adjectival phrases headed by a predicative adjective which ascribes properties to the subject referent, as in (18). (18) buhtsoj buhtsoj lä nav buojde lä nav buojde reindeer\nom.pl be\3pl.prs so fat\pl ‘The reindeer are so fat and beautiful.’ ja tjábbe ja tjábbe and beautiful\pl [pit080703.014] The complement of a copular clause can be an NP in the inessive case in which case it describes the location of the subject referent, as in (19). 5 Note that morbror is a nonce borrowing from Swedish. Cf. Swedish morbror ‘maternal uncle’. 235
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
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Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
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Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
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Symbols and abbreviations - segment
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1 Introduction This description of
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
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1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
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2 Prosody This description of the p
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
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2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
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3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
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3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
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3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
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3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
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3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
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3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
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3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
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3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
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3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
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3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
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3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
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3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
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4 Morphological patterns and word c
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4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
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4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
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4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
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4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
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5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
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5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
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5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
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5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
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5.2 The nominal case system clear,
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5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
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5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
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5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
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7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
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7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
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7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
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7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
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7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
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7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
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7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
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7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
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7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
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7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
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7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
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8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
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8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
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8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
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8.4 Morphological marking strategie
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8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
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Page 200 and 201: 9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Der
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Page 208 and 209: 9 Other word classes (21) inijmä i
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Page 212 and 213: 10 Derivational morphology tion ses
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Page 216 and 217: 10 Derivational morphology (23) då
Page 218 and 219: 10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
Page 220 and 221: 10 Derivational morphology 10.2.2 T
Page 222 and 223: 10 Derivational morphology the clas
Page 224 and 225: 10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
Page 227 and 228: 11 Phrase types There are five type
Page 229 and 230: 11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
Page 231 and 232: 11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
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Page 237 and 238: 11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
Page 239 and 240: 11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
Page 241 and 242: 12 Overview of the syntax of senten
Page 243 and 244: 12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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Page 247 and 248: 13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
Page 249: 13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
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Page 255 and 256: 13.1 Declarative clauses (28) dä d
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Page 266 and 267: 14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
Page 268 and 269: 14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
Page 270 and 271: 14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
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Page 274 and 275: 14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
Page 277 and 278: Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
Page 279 and 280: Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
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Page 288 and 289: Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
Page 290 and 291: Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
Page 292 and 293: Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
Page 294 and 295: Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
Page 296 and 297: Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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