A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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13 Basic clauses (1) almatj almatj usjut usjut person\nom.sg think\3sg.prs ‘One thinks, and…’ ja… ja and [pit100404.172] (2) mån mån tjájmav tjájma-v 1sg.nom laugh-1sg.prs ‘I laugh.’ [pit100323a.005]e (3) dáj d-á-j Skaile Skaile ello ello såkoj såko-j dem-prox-gen.pl Skaile\gen.pl reindeer.herd\nom.sg drown-3sg.pst ‘The Skaile family’s reindeer herd drowned.’ [pit0906_Ahkajavvre_b.002] 13.1.1.1 Clauses with a passive verb When a transitive verb is passivized, 1 its valency is reduced, and it becomes intransitive. In this, the patient is the subject of the verb complex, and therefore marked by nominative case; the agent may be left out. This is illustrated by the pair of elicited examples in (4) and (5), in which the former is a transitive clause in active voice, and the latter is an intransitive clause in passive voice. (4) máná máná lä tsiggim lä tsiggi-m child\nom.pl be\3pl.prs build-prf ‘Children have built the hut.’ (5) dat d-a-t lä lä dem-dist-nom.sg be\3sg.prs ‘That (hut) was built.’ gådev gåde-v hut-acc.sg tsiggiduvvum tsiggi-duvvu-m build-pass-prf [pit110518a.28m14s]e [pit110518a.27m41s]e Similarly, the example from a narrative in (6) presents an intransitive passive construction. 1 Transitive verbs can be passivized using the derivational suffix -duvv; cf. §10.2.5 on derivational morphology and §8.3 on inflectional morphology for passives. 232
13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d-á-t lä lä vanj vanj dä dä gajk vuorasumos gajk vuorasu-mos be\3sg.prs probably then all old-superl\sg dem-prox-nom.sg dágaduvvum dága-duvvu-m make-pass-prf ‘This was probably the absolute oldest made.’ [pit0906_Ahkajavvre_a.120] The NP referring to the agent of an event can optionally occur obliquely in the elative case if the verb is passivized, as in (7). (7) gåhte gåhte lä tsiggiduvvum lä tsiggi-duvvu-m hut\nom.sg be\3sg.prs build-pass-prf ‘The hut has been built by children.’ 13.1.2 Basic transitive declaratives mánájst máná-jst child-elat.pl [pit110518a.28m41s]e In declarative clauses featuring a monotransitive verb, the subject is in nominative and is typically the agent, while the object is in the accusative case and is typically the patient of the predicate. Examples can be seen in (8) through (10). (8) ja ja mån vuojnav mån vuojna-v and 1sg.nom see-1sg.prs ‘And I see snow here.’ muähtagav muähtaga-v snow-acc.sg danne danne here [pit100404.020] (9) danne sáme danne sáme edne edne båhtsujd båhtsu-jd giesen giese-n there Saami\nom.pl have\3pl.prs reindeer-acc.pl summer-iness.sg ‘The Saami keep the reindeer there in the summer.’ [pit100404.011] (10) almatj almatj bedja virbmijd bedja virbmi-jd person\nom.sg put\3sg.prs fishing.net-acc.pl ‘One puts out fishing nets in the evening.’ ehket ehket evening [pit100310b.020] In declarative clauses with a ditransitive verb, the direct object is also in the accusative case and is typically theme, while the indirect object, typically recipient, is normally in the illative case. Examples can be seen in (11) and (12). 233
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
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Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
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Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
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Symbols and abbreviations - segment
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1 Introduction This description of
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
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1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
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2 Prosody This description of the p
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
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2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
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3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
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3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
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3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
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3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
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3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
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3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
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3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
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3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
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3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
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3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
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3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
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3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
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4 Morphological patterns and word c
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4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
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4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
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4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
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4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
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5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
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5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
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5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
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5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
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5.2 The nominal case system clear,
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5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
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5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
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5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
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7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
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7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
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7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
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7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
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7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
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7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
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7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
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7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
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7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
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7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
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7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
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8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
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8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
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8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
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8.4 Morphological marking strategie
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8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
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Page 200 and 201: 9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Der
Page 202 and 203: 9 Other word classes (7) A: udtju u
Page 204 and 205: 9 Other word classes prepositions,
Page 206 and 207: 9 Other word classes Saami as other
Page 208 and 209: 9 Other word classes (21) inijmä i
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Page 212 and 213: 10 Derivational morphology tion ses
Page 214 and 215: 10 Derivational morphology Two othe
Page 216 and 217: 10 Derivational morphology (23) då
Page 218 and 219: 10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
Page 220 and 221: 10 Derivational morphology 10.2.2 T
Page 222 and 223: 10 Derivational morphology the clas
Page 224 and 225: 10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
Page 227 and 228: 11 Phrase types There are five type
Page 229 and 230: 11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
Page 231 and 232: 11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
Page 233 and 234: 11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
Page 235 and 236: 11.3 Adjectival phrases 11.2.1 NPs
Page 237 and 238: 11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
Page 239 and 240: 11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
Page 241 and 242: 12 Overview of the syntax of senten
Page 243 and 244: 12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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Page 247: 13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
Page 251 and 252: 13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motor
Page 253 and 254: 13.1 Declarative clauses likely the
Page 255 and 256: 13.1 Declarative clauses (28) dä d
Page 257 and 258: 13.1 Declarative clauses (37) iv i-
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Page 261 and 262: 13.3 Clauses in the imperative mood
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Page 266 and 267: 14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
Page 268 and 269: 14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
Page 270 and 271: 14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
Page 272 and 273: 14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
Page 274 and 275: 14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
Page 277 and 278: Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
Page 279 and 280: Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
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Page 288 and 289: Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
Page 290 and 291: Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
Page 292 and 293: Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
Page 294 and 295: Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
Page 296 and 297: Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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