A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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10 Derivational morphology the class marker -a following the passivizing suffix in the infinitive form, and -u in the perfect form. For instance, compare the verb in (60) (in the active voice) with the equivalent passivized verb in (61), including the oblique agent (in elative case). (60) máná máná lä tsiggim lä tsiggi-m child\nom.pl be\3pl.prs build-prf ‘Children have built the hut.’ gådev gåde-v hut-acc.sg [pit110518a.28m14s]e (61) gåhte gåhte lä tsiggijduvvum lä tsiggij-duvvu-m hut\nom.sg be\3sg.prs build-pass-prf ‘The hut has been built by children.’ mánájst máná-jst child-elat.pl [pit110518a.28m41s]e Passivization is a valency-decreasing device because the resulting verb is intransitive, as it only features the patient-like argument as its sole core argument in nominative case. Note that Svonni (2009: 92) claims, for North Saami, that “one cannot indicate the agent in any way” (my translation) in passive clauses using the cognate North Saami passivizing suffix. Pite Saami differs significantly from North Saami in this respect, as Ruong – himself a native speaker of Pite Saami – verifies (cf. Ruong 1943: 41). It is very possible that the Pite Saami strategy of placing the agent in an oblique case could be due to extensive language contact with Swedish, a language which clearly allows the agent in a passivized clause to be expressed obliquely using a prepositional phrase headed by the preposition av ‘of, from’. Indeed, Swedish PPs headed by av in other contexts are best translated into Pite Saami as an NP in elative case, the same oblique case in which the agent NP in a passive Pite Saami sentence is found. Some other examples of transitive verbs and their passivized equivalents using -duvv are shown in (62) through (64). (62) tjåvvde-t → tjåvde-duvva-t ‘be liberated’ untie-inf untie-pass-inf [3233] (63) dahka-t → daga-duvva-t ‘be made’ make-inf make-pass-inf [pit110331b]e (64) adne-t → ane-duvva-t ‘be used’ utilize-inf utilize-pass-inf [2682] There are not sufficient data in the corpus to state any more about passive derivation, particularly concerning morphophonological effects of passivization 206
10.3 Adjectival derivation on verb stems, and this and other related topics must be left for future study. The reader is referred to Ruong (1943) for a more thorough morphological and semantic account of Pite Saami passives. Inflectional aspects of passivized verbs are treated in §8.3, while syntactic aspects of clauses with passive verbs are presented briefly in §13.1.1.1. Note that the derivational suffix -duvv can have meanings other than passive when attached to a nominal or adjectival base. Typically it then expresses a change of state that is related to the referent of the root involved. A few examples are provided in (65) through (68). (65) vuoras → vuoras-duvva-t ‘age (verb)’ old old-pass-inf [2188] (66) bevas → bevas-duvva-t ‘become sweaty’ sweat\nom.sg sweat-pass-inf [6084] (67) giella → giela-duvva-t ‘become hoarse’ language\nom.sg language-pass-inf [3876] (68) tjálbme → tjálme-duvva-t ‘become blind’ eye\nom.sg eye-pass-inf [1876] 10.3 Adjectival derivation Only two derivational processes exist for adjectivals: the non-productive derivation of adjectives by -s, and the productive derivation of ordinal numerals from cardinal ones. These are described below. 10.3.1 Adjective derivation It seems conceivable that adjectives can be derived by the suffix -s (glossed as adjz). For instance, bahá is a nominal meaning ‘evil’, as in (69), and bahás is the equivalent attributive adjective form, as in (70). (69) dat d-a-t almatj almatj dem-dist-nom.sg person\nom.sg ‘That person is evil.’ lä bahá lä bahá be\3sg.prs evil\nom.sg [pit090926.13m36s]e 207
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
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Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
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Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
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Symbols and abbreviations - segment
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1 Introduction This description of
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
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1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
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2 Prosody This description of the p
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
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2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
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3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
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3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
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3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
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3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
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3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
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3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
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3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
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3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
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3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
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3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
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3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
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3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
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4 Morphological patterns and word c
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4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
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4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
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4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
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4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
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5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
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5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
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5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
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5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
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5.2 The nominal case system clear,
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5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
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5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
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5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
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7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
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7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
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7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
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7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
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7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
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7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
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7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
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7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
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7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
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7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
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7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
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8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
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8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
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8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
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Page 212 and 213: 10 Derivational morphology tion ses
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Page 218 and 219: 10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
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Page 227 and 228: 11 Phrase types There are five type
Page 229 and 230: 11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
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Page 233 and 234: 11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
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Page 241 and 242: 12 Overview of the syntax of senten
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Page 247 and 248: 13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
Page 249 and 250: 13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
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14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
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14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
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Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
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Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
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Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
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Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
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Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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