A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Derived adverbs and their adjectival stems attr-adjective adverb várogis → várogit ‘careful(ly)’ buoragis → buoragit ‘good/well’ (2) viesojmä vanj ganska buoragit dajna vieso-jmä vanj ganska 1 buoragi-t d-a-jna live-1pl.pst definitely quite good-advz dem-dist-com.sg guollemijn guollemi-jn fishing-com.sg aj aj also ‘We definitely lived pretty well with the fishing, too.’ [pit0906_Ahkajavvre_a.164] 9.1.2 Lexical adverbs A group of lexical items exclusively used as adverbs in Pite Saami forms a subset of adverbs. A list of some lexical adverbs is provided in Table 9.2 on the next page. 2 Examples containing the sentence adverbs ber ‘only’, kan ‘maybe’, aj ‘too’ and vanj ‘definitely’ are provided in (3) through (6). (3) buhtsu buhtsu mielkest mielke-st ijtjen ittj-in ber ber vuostajd vuosta-jd milk-elat.sg neg-3pl.pst only cheese-acc.pl reindeer\gen.sg dága dága make\conneg ‘They didn’t only make cheese from reindeer milk.’ [pit080708_Session03.001] (4) kan kan Edde Edde maybe Edgar\nom.sg ‘Maybe Edgar knows.’ diehta diehta know\3sg.prs [pit090519.355] 1 Note that ganska is a nonce borrowing from Swedish; cf. Swedish ganska ‘quite’. 2 The adverbs ber∼bar, kan and så are Swedish loans; cf. Swedish bara ‘only’, kanske ‘maybe’ and så ‘so’. 184
9.1 Adverbs Table 9.2: A selection of lexical adverbs aj ber∼bar del dä gal ihkep ilá kan mudiŋ så vanj åbbå ‘also, too’ ‘only’ ‘obviously’ ‘then’ ‘actually’ ‘maybe’ ‘too’ (excessive) ‘maybe’ ‘sometimes’ ‘so’ ‘really’ ‘quite’ (5) ja ja dä dä and then bedja dun bedja d-u-n put\3sg.prs dem-rmt-iness.sg risijd risi-jd twig-acc.pl ‘And then one puts twigs on the other side, too.’ (6) gajk gajk all urrum urru-m be-prf vuorasumos vuoras-umos old-superl dulutjist dulutji-st old.days-elat.sg nubbe bielen nubbe biele-n aj aj other side-iness.sg also [pit100404.228] saddje’l saddje=l vanj vanj dát d-á-t place\nom.sg=be\3sg.prs definitely dem-prox-nom.sg ‘This was definitely the absolute oldest place from the old days.’ [pit0906_Ahkajavvre_a.059] A further lexical adverb is gal ‘actually’, which can be used to emphasize a contradiction or surprise, as in (7). The interjection nä ‘no’, a borrowing from Swedish, 3 is also used in this example, in addition to the native Saamic negation verb. 3 < Swedish nej ‘no’; cf. local dialect pronunciation [nɛː]. 185
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
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Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
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Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
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Symbols and abbreviations - segment
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1 Introduction This description of
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
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1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
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2 Prosody This description of the p
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
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2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
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3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
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3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
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3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
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3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
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3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
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3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
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3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
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3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
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3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
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3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
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3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
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3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
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4 Morphological patterns and word c
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4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
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4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
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4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
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4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
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5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
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5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
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5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
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5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
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5.2 The nominal case system clear,
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5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
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5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
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5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
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6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
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7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
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7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
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7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
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Page 151 and 152: 7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
Page 153 and 154: 7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
Page 155 and 156: 7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
Page 157 and 158: 7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
Page 159 and 160: 7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
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Page 163 and 164: 7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
Page 165 and 166: 8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
Page 167 and 168: 8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
Page 169 and 170: 8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
Page 175 and 176: 8.4 Morphological marking strategie
Page 185 and 186: 8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
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Page 202 and 203: 9 Other word classes (7) A: udtju u
Page 204 and 205: 9 Other word classes prepositions,
Page 206 and 207: 9 Other word classes Saami as other
Page 208 and 209: 9 Other word classes (21) inijmä i
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Page 212 and 213: 10 Derivational morphology tion ses
Page 214 and 215: 10 Derivational morphology Two othe
Page 216 and 217: 10 Derivational morphology (23) då
Page 218 and 219: 10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
Page 220 and 221: 10 Derivational morphology 10.2.2 T
Page 222 and 223: 10 Derivational morphology the clas
Page 224 and 225: 10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
Page 227 and 228: 11 Phrase types There are five type
Page 229 and 230: 11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
Page 231 and 232: 11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
Page 233 and 234: 11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
Page 235 and 236: 11.3 Adjectival phrases 11.2.1 NPs
Page 237 and 238: 11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
Page 239 and 240: 11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
Page 241 and 242: 12 Overview of the syntax of senten
Page 243 and 244: 12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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Page 247 and 248: 13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
Page 249 and 250: 13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motor
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13.1 Declarative clauses likely the
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13.1 Declarative clauses (28) dä d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (37) iv i-
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13.2 Interrogative clauses Alternat
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13.3 Clauses in the imperative mood
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13.4 Clauses in the potential mood
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14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
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14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
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14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
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14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
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14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
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Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
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Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
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Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
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Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
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Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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