A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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8 Verbs to cut out the stomach because the esophagus has been tied in a knot, preventing the stomach’s contents from running out. (19) men mån men mån but tjådågov tjådågo-v lev tjåjvev le-v tjåjve-v 1sg.nom be-1sg.prs stomach-acc.sg cut-prog lev tjadnam le-v tjadna-m esophagus-acc.sg be-1sg.prs knot-prf ruhtastemin ruhtaste-min tjieboten tjiebote-n neck-iness.sg ullgus, ullgus out ‘But I am cutting out the stomach, I have knotted the esophagus in the neck.’ [pit080909.054-055] In (20), the speaker indicates that one can dip potatoes in fish fat only after one has fried the fat, thus melting it. (20) gu gu lä dav lä d-a-v when be\2sg.prs dem-dist\acc.sg bassam, dä bassa-m dä máhta máhta fry-prf then can\2sg.prs pironijd budnjut pironi-jd budnju-t potato-acc.pl dip-inf ‘Once you have fried it, you can dip potatoes (in it).’ [pit090702.088] Finally, in (21), the perfect form of the verb jábmet ‘die’ is used to mark the state of being dead resulting from the event of dying as opposed to the present state of being alive. (21) da d-a lä jábmam, lä jábma-m dem-dist\nom.pl be\3pl.prs die-prf ber ber only muv muv 1sg.gen äddne’l viessomin dále äddne=l viesso-min dále mother\nom.sg=be\3sg.prs live-prog now ‘They have died, only my mother is still living now.’ 8.2.2.2 Progressive [pit100310b.145] Verbs in the progressive indicate that an activity is ongoing. The progressive verb form is marked by the suffix -min (glossed as prog) appended to the verb stem, which is in the strong grade when consonant gradation is relevant. In (19) above, the speaker uses the progressive form rhtastemin because he is in the middle of 156
8.2 Non-finite verb forms and periphrastically marked verbal categories cutting out the stomach as he utters the sentence. In (21), the speaker’s mother is still living, as opposed to the deceased. The action expressed by a progressive verb does not have to be simultaneous with the moment of the utterance, but can be past tense, as shown by the example in (22). Here, the speaker is describing a picture which was taken while picking blueberries. (22) månnå månnå ja ja Jåssjå, Jåssjå lijmen li-jmen ulgon ulgon sirijd siri-jd 1sg.nom and Josh\nom.sg be-1du.pst outside blueberry-acc.pl tjåggemin tjågge-min pick-prog ‘Josh and I were picking blueberries outside.’ [pit100310b.032] 8.2.2.3 Progressive verb forms used adverbially The progressive form of a verb can also be used in an adverbial function. For instance, tjájbmamin ‘laughing’ in (23) and gullamin ‘listening‘ in (24) are each used as a modal adverbial to indicate a simultaneous activity. (23) tjájbmamin vádtsa tjájbma-min vádtsa laugh-prog go\3sg.prs ‘She walks while laughing.’ [pit110522.29m10s]e (24) gullamin gulla-min mån mån tjálav tjála-v listen-prog 1sg.nom write-1sg.prs ‘I write while listening.’ [pit110404.089]e 8.2.3 Negation Negation in Pite Saami is expressed periphrastically by a finite negation verb and a non-finite verb form. The inflectionalisinflection!verbal behavior of the negation verb is presented in §8.5.8, while syntactic aspects of negation in Pite Saami are covered in more detail in §13.1.5.3; however, a brief description of negation is provided here. As with any finite verb, the negation verb agrees in person and number with the subject of the sentence and inflects for tense or mood. The complement verb occurs in a special non-finite verb form called the connegative (glossed as 157
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
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Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
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Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
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Symbols and abbreviations - segment
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1 Introduction This description of
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
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1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
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2 Prosody This description of the p
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
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2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
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3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
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3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
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3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
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3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
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3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
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3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
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3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
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3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
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3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
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3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
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3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
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3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
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4 Morphological patterns and word c
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4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
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4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
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4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
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4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
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5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
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5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
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5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
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5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
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5.2 The nominal case system clear,
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5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
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Page 143 and 144: 7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
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Page 147 and 148: 7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
Page 149 and 150: 7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
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Page 153 and 154: 7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
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Page 157 and 158: 7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
Page 159 and 160: 7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
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Page 163 and 164: 7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
Page 165 and 166: 8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
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Page 218 and 219: 10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
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10 Derivational morphology the clas
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10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
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11 Phrase types There are five type
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11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
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11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
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11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
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11.3 Adjectival phrases 11.2.1 NPs
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11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
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11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
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12 Overview of the syntax of senten
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
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13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motor
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13.1 Declarative clauses likely the
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13.1 Declarative clauses (28) dä d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (37) iv i-
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13.2 Interrogative clauses Alternat
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13.3 Clauses in the imperative mood
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13.4 Clauses in the potential mood
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14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
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14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
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14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
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14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
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14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
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Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
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Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
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Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
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Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
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Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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