A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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8 Verbs (2) ja ja dä da dä d-a and then dem-dist\nom.pl gåddålit gåddåli-t kill-inf nagan nagan some juhtusav juhtusa-v animal-acc.sg tjåhken tjåhken minne minne gu gu gillge gillge together go\3pl.prs when will\3pl.prs ‘And then they go together when they are going to kill some animal.’ [pit080703.047-048] (3) månnå månnå ja ja Jåssjå Jåssjå lijmen li-jmen ulgon ulgon sirijd siri-jd 1sg.nom and Josh\nom.sg be-1du.pst outside blueberry-acc.pl tjåggemin tjågge-min pick-prog ‘Josh and I were picking blueberries outside.’ [pit100310b.032] Note that there are a few examples in the corpus in which speakers do not consistently inflect for dual, but instead use the corresponding plural form. The imperative is not marked for person, but distinguishes the three number categories singular, dual and plural. For example, in (4) the finite verb tjaske is inflected for the implied (2 nd person) singular subject. (4) tjaske tjaske munje munje throw\sg.imp 1sg.ill ‘Throw a ski-pole to me!’ sobev sobe-v pole-acc.sg [pit100404.206] 8.1.2 Tense For indicative clauses, verbs can inflect for present tense, as in (2), or past, as in (3) above. Verbs marked for present tense generally signify that a situation is true in the present, as in (5) below, or they express general truths, as in example (2) above (which indicates a general truth about wolves’ behavior). However, present tense can also be used to indicate historical present, as in (6), or planned future situations, as in (7). It is therefore not strictly a present tense and could be considered non-past. Nonetheless, the glossing standard ‘prs’ is chosen to mark this, as it covers the most common function. 150
8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional categories (5) dale lä dale lä now bar bar bievadak bievadak mij mij sudda sudda only sunshine\nom.sg which\nom.sg melt\3sg.prs be\3sg.prs muahtagav muahtaga-v snow-acc.sg ‘Now it’s only the sun which melts the snow.’ (6) tjävlav tjävla-v valdav valda-v ja ja dä dä tjanáv tjaná-v virbmev virbme-v bobber-acc.sg take-1sg.prs and then tie-1sg.prs net-acc.sg dan 1 d-a-n dem-dist-?ill.sg tjävvlaj tjävvla-j bobber-ill.sg ja ja and hålåv hålå-v say-1sg.prs raddnaj… raddna-j friend-ill.sg [pit100405a.036] ‘I take the bobber and then I tie the net to that bobber and I say to my friend…’ [pit090702.029] (7) ja ja dä dä maŋŋel maŋŋel dä dä vuolga vuolga and then after.that then drive\2sg.prs ‘And then after that you’ll drive to Västerås.’ Västeråsaj Västeråsa-j Västerås-ill.sg [pit080924.677] 8.1.3 Mood <strong>Pite</strong> <strong>Saami</strong> has three moods: indicative, imperative and potential. Indicative mood is by far the most common mood and is considered the default, unmarked mood, as it is not overtly expressed morphologically, as in the examples in §8.1.2 above. The following two sections deal with imperative and potential mood. 8.1.3.1 Imperative mood Verbs inflectedisinflection!verbal for imperative mood indicate that the speaker is instructing or commanding the addressee to carry out the action referred to by the verb; the implied subject is always 2 nd person. Verbs in the imperative are not marked for person, but do inflect for number (singular, dual and plural), as 1 In the example in (6), it is not clear why the demonstrative dan is used, as this resembles either the genitive or the inessive demonstratives, but not the expected illative demonstrative dasa. Perhaps it is simply an error in natural speech. 151
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
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Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
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Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
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Symbols and abbreviations - segment
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1 Introduction This description of
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
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1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
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2 Prosody This description of the p
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
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2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
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3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
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3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
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3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
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3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
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3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
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3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
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3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
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3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
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3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
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3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
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3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
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3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
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4 Morphological patterns and word c
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4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
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4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
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4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
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4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
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5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
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5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
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5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
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5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
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5.2 The nominal case system clear,
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5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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Page 115 and 116: 5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
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Page 127: 5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
Page 130 and 131: 6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
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Page 143 and 144: 7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
Page 145 and 146: 7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
Page 147 and 148: 7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
Page 149 and 150: 7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
Page 151 and 152: 7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
Page 153 and 154: 7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
Page 155 and 156: 7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
Page 157 and 158: 7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
Page 159 and 160: 7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
Page 161 and 162: 7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
Page 163 and 164: 7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
Page 165: 8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
Page 169 and 170: 8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
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Page 200 and 201: 9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Der
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Page 208 and 209: 9 Other word classes (21) inijmä i
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10 Derivational morphology (23) då
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10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
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10 Derivational morphology 10.2.2 T
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10 Derivational morphology the clas
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10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
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11 Phrase types There are five type
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11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
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11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
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11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
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11.3 Adjectival phrases 11.2.1 NPs
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11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
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11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
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12 Overview of the syntax of senten
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
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13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motor
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13.1 Declarative clauses likely the
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13.1 Declarative clauses (28) dä d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (37) iv i-
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13.2 Interrogative clauses Alternat
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13.3 Clauses in the imperative mood
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13.4 Clauses in the potential mood
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14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
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14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
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14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
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14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
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14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
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Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
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Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
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Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
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Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
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Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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