A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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7 Adjectivals (7) dat d-a-t tjábba tjábba máhtta máhtta sáme sáme beautiful\nom.sg can\3sg.prs Saami\gen.sg dem-dist-nom.sg gielav giela-v language-acc.sg ‘That beautiful one can (speak) the Saami language.’ (referring to a girl) [pit090930a.148]e As the host of case/number inflection, such adjectives look morphologically like nouns. However, syntactically, these adjectives remain adjectives for two reasons. First, they can be modified by adverbs of grade, while nouns cannot be. Second, they generally have a referential antecedent that is the bearer of the property they denote. 2 Semantically, they do not denote an entity (as nouns do), but a property, as with all adjectives. A further example is provided in (8). Here, the choice of the attributive adjective form tjábba ‘beautiful’ (as opposed to the corresponding predicate adjective form tjábbe) indicates that this is indeed an elliptical NP construction, and not predication. (8) lä lä huj tjábba, huj tjábba be\3sg.prs quite beautiful\nom.sg lä lä be\3sg.prs jävvja jävvja white.reindeer\nom.sg dat, dat d-a-t d-a-t dem-dist-nom.sg dem-dist-nom.sg ‘It is a quite beautiful one, it, it is a white reindeer.’ (referring to a reindeer) [pit100405b.036-037] 7.2 Predicative adjectives While attributive adjectives form the head of an attributive AP embedded in an NP, predicative adjectives form the head of an AP which is the complement of the copular verb årrot ‘be’ and ascribe a property to the subject referent. In (9) and (10), for instance, the predicative adjective corresponding to the attributive adjective tjähppis ‘black’ (cf. the example in (1) above) is tjáhpat. 2 The quantifier aktak ‘none, any’ can be used in an elliptic NP without a referential antecedent; cf. §7.7, specifically example (37). 130
7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáhttsa fáhttsa lä lä mitten\nom.sg be\3sg.prs ‘The mitten is black.’ (10) fáhtsa fáhtsa lä lä mitten\nom.pl be\3pl.prs ‘The mittens are black.’ tjáhpat tjáhpat black\sg tjáhpada tjáhpad-a black-pl [pit090930a.062]e [pit090930a.063]e Morphologically, predicative adjectives are much like nouns because they inflect for number. In fact, many predicative adjectives inflect for number in ways that clearly align with the nom.sg∼nom.pl inflectional marking of certain noun classes. The case could be made that they also inflect for case, although they are always in nominative case (cf. §13.1.4 on copular clauses). However, because no paradigmatic opposition to other case forms exists for predicative adjectives (they are only attested in the corpus as a nominative complement to a copular clause), I conclude that they only inflect for number. Nonetheless, these are syntactically adjectives, as they head adjectival phrases and can be modified by adverbs of grade, such as nav ‘so’ as in (11). (11) buhtsu buhtsu lä nav buojde lä nav buojde reindeer\nom.pl be\3pl.prs so fat\pl ‘The reindeer are so fat and beautiful.’ ja tjábbe ja tjábbe and beautiful\pl [pit080703.014] Table 7.2 on the next page lists a number of attributive adjectives and the corresponding predicative adjectives; the latter clearly align with noun classes in their number marking. The table is divided into subgroups of word forms (indicated by small Roman numerals) that feature the same morphological relationship between attributive and predicative adjectives. As is evident from the examples in Table 7.2, the attributive forms and the predicative forms correspond in a variety of ways. These correspondence patterns (numbered i-vii) are described here: i ii The attributive form differs from the predicative form in the choice of stem allomorph concerning V1, consonant center, V2 and the final consonant. Number marking like class IIIa nouns. The attributive form and the plural predicative form have the same V1 and consonant center, as opposed to the singular predicative adjective; the attributive form has a stem final -s, while the predicative forms have an open final syllable. Number marking like class I nouns. 131
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
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Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
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Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
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Symbols and abbreviations - segment
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1 Introduction This description of
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
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1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
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2 Prosody This description of the p
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
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2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
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3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
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3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
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3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
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3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
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3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
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3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
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3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
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3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
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3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
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3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
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3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
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3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
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4 Morphological patterns and word c
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4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
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4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
Page 95 and 96: 4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
Page 97 and 98: 4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
Page 99 and 100: 5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
Page 101 and 102: 5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
Page 103 and 104: 5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
Page 105 and 106: 5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
Page 107 and 108: 5.2 The nominal case system clear,
Page 109 and 110: 5.3 Number and case marking on noun
Page 115 and 116: 5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
Page 125 and 126: 5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
Page 127: 5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
Page 130 and 131: 6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
Page 136 and 137: 6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
Page 140 and 141: 6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
Page 143 and 144: 7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
Page 145: 7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
Page 149 and 150: 7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
Page 151 and 152: 7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
Page 153 and 154: 7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
Page 155 and 156: 7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
Page 157 and 158: 7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
Page 159 and 160: 7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
Page 161 and 162: 7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
Page 163 and 164: 7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
Page 165 and 166: 8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
Page 167 and 168: 8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
Page 169 and 170: 8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
Page 175 and 176: 8.4 Morphological marking strategie
Page 185 and 186: 8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
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8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
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9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Der
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9 Other word classes (7) A: udtju u
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9 Other word classes prepositions,
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9 Other word classes Saami as other
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9 Other word classes (21) inijmä i
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9 Other word classes The interjecti
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10 Derivational morphology tion ses
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10 Derivational morphology Two othe
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10 Derivational morphology (23) då
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10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
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10 Derivational morphology 10.2.2 T
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10 Derivational morphology the clas
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10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
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11 Phrase types There are five type
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11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
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11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
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11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
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11.3 Adjectival phrases 11.2.1 NPs
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11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
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11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
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12 Overview of the syntax of senten
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
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13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motor
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13.1 Declarative clauses likely the
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13.1 Declarative clauses (28) dä d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (37) iv i-
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13.2 Interrogative clauses Alternat
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13.3 Clauses in the imperative mood
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13.4 Clauses in the potential mood
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14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
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14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
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14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
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14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
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14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
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Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
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Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
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Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
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Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
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Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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