A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.4: Case/number suffixes for demonstrative pronouns sg pl nom -t (-h) gen -n -j acc -v -jt ill -sa -jda iness -n -jtne elat -sste -jste com -jna -j referent of a proximal demonstrative pronoun is very close to the speaker. Distal demonstrative pronouns are not as specific in indicating the location of the referent, and do not necessarily rule out a referent which is near the addressee. Indeed, distal demonstrative pronouns are the most common in the corpus and are a sort of unmarked default demonstrative pronoun. Note that demonstratives are identical in form to demonstrative pronouns, but differ syntactically because they modify the head of an NP; they are discussed in §7.8. Demonstrative pronouns typically have non-human referents, as in (1). (1) muhtin muhtin sa del vuoptin sa del vuopti-n sometimes so then sell-1du.pst ‘So sometimes we sold those.’ dajt d-a-jt dem-dist-acc.pl [pit080924.300] However, they can also be used to refer to third-person human referents, as in the example in (2). (2) da d-a lä jabmam, lä jabma-m dem-dist\nom.pl be\3pl.prs die-prf ber ber only muv mu-v 1sg.gen äddne’l viessomin dále äddne=l viesso-min dále mother\nom.sg=be\3sg.prs live-prog now ‘They have died, only my mother is living today.’ [pit100310b.145] Distal demonstrative pronouns can also be used for anaphoric text deixis. For instance, dat in example (3) refers to the fact that the speaker has just dropped her ski pole. 116
6.3 Reflexive pronouns (3) oj! ij dat aktagav dága oj ij d-a-t aktaga-v dága oh neg\3sg.prs dem-dist-nom.sg none-acc.sg make\conneg ‘Oh! That’s no problem.’ (lit.: that makes nothing) [pit100404.156] 6.3 Reflexive pronouns The reflexive pronouns in Pite Saami are based on the stem etj- and inflect for the number (singular, dual and plural) and person of the noun they are coreferential with. Reflexive pronouns also inflect for case. These are listed in Table 6.5 on the following page. The stem etj- can be translated as ‘sel’, which could imply that it is a noun, but it is different from nouns for several reasons: 1) it is monosyllabic, 2) it has its own case and number marking suffixes, and 3) it inflects for dual number. Note that reflexive pronouns are not common in the spontaneous language recordings in the corpus, but are mostly found in elicitation sessions. Even in elicitation sessions, my main consultant was not completely sure about some of the forms for less common cases (i.e., everything except nominative, accusative 2 and genitive). Furthermore, a number of the elicited forms deviate from the forms provided in the complete paradigm in Lehtiranta (1992: 162). 3 For these reasons, the forms in Table 6.5 on the next page should be considered preliminary at this point, and potentially subject to modification as a result of more thorough study. My consultants were particularly uncertain about the forms marked by a question mark, while forms listed in parenthesis are not attested in the corpus, but taken from the paradigms in Lehtiranta (1992: 162) and adapted to the current Pite Saami orthography. 2 However, note the form etjav ‘refl-1sg.acc’ was provided by a different speaker (A) than the speaker (B) who provided the forms in the rest of the paradigm, and speaker A was very uncertain of this form. Lehtiranta (1992: 162) lists etjam and etjamav, and I suspect that the form etjav indicates that a simplification of the system has taken place (at least for speaker A) in which the root etj- is simply treated as a noun (such as ‘sel’) which inflects using standard nominal case/number suffixes (here the acc.sg suffix -v), but ultimately more data are needed to verify this. 3 But note also that the paradigm in Lehtiranta (1992: 162) indicates a lack of consensus in the reflexive pronouns across speakers, as well. Whether the forms found in the Pite Saami Documentation Project corpus indicate a simplification of the system or simply another speaker’s ideolect is impossible to determine at this point. 117
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
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Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
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Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
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Symbols and abbreviations - segment
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1 Introduction This description of
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
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1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
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2 Prosody This description of the p
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
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2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
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3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
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3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
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3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
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3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
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3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
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3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
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3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
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3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
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3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
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3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
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3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
Page 81 and 82: 3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
Page 83 and 84: 3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
Page 85 and 86: 3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
Page 87 and 88: 3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
Page 89 and 90: 4 Morphological patterns and word c
Page 91 and 92: 4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
Page 93 and 94: 4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
Page 95 and 96: 4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
Page 97 and 98: 4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
Page 99 and 100: 5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
Page 101 and 102: 5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
Page 103 and 104: 5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
Page 105 and 106: 5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
Page 107 and 108: 5.2 The nominal case system clear,
Page 109 and 110: 5.3 Number and case marking on noun
Page 115 and 116: 5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
Page 125 and 126: 5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
Page 127: 5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
Page 130 and 131: 6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
Page 136 and 137: 6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
Page 140 and 141: 6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
Page 143 and 144: 7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
Page 145 and 146: 7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
Page 147 and 148: 7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
Page 149 and 150: 7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
Page 151 and 152: 7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
Page 153 and 154: 7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
Page 155 and 156: 7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
Page 157 and 158: 7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
Page 159 and 160: 7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
Page 161 and 162: 7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
Page 163 and 164: 7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
Page 165 and 166: 8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
Page 167 and 168: 8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
Page 169 and 170: 8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
Page 175 and 176: 8.4 Morphological marking strategie
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8.4 Morphological marking strategie
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8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
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9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Der
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9 Other word classes (7) A: udtju u
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9 Other word classes prepositions,
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9 Other word classes Saami as other
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9 Other word classes (21) inijmä i
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9 Other word classes The interjecti
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10 Derivational morphology tion ses
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10 Derivational morphology Two othe
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10 Derivational morphology (23) då
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10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
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10 Derivational morphology 10.2.2 T
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10 Derivational morphology the clas
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10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
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11 Phrase types There are five type
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11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
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11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
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11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
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11.3 Adjectival phrases 11.2.1 NPs
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11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
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11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
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12 Overview of the syntax of senten
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
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13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motor
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13.1 Declarative clauses likely the
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13.1 Declarative clauses (28) dä d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (37) iv i-
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13.2 Interrogative clauses Alternat
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13.3 Clauses in the imperative mood
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13.4 Clauses in the potential mood
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14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
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14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
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14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
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14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
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14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
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Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
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Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
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Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
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Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
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Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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