A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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5 Nominals I: Nouns there are not enough data to come to any definitive conclusions concerning the status of essive in current Pite Saami usage. 5.3 Number and case marking on nouns As indicated in the previous sections, Pite Saami nouns inflect for nine cases and two number categories (only the essive and possibly the abessive cases do not inflect for number). While case and number are generally marked by nominal suffixes, they are often supplemented by other morphophonological marking strategies, or even expressed solely by non-linear morphology. These other strategies are: • consonant alternations in the stem (also known as consonant gradation) • stem-vowel alternations (umlaut) • vowel harmony Concerning nouns, the segmental alternations are discussed in detail in §5.3.2, while vowel harmony is presented in §5.4.1.1. First, a short discussion of the nominal suffixes follows here. 5.3.1 Nominal suffixes Pite Saami has a number of portmanteau suffixes expressing case and number. Only nom.sg, nom.pl and gen.sg are generally not marked by any linear morphology. The nominal suffixes marking case and number are listed in Table 5.1 on the facing page. Note that the status of the abessive suffixes is unclear, including whether they inflect for number, as discussed in §5.3.3. Nouns in essive case do not inflect for number. In nom.pl and gen.sg, the -h suffix is optional in Pite Saami (and therefore appears in parentheses in Table 5.1). 5 The com.sg suffix has two allomorphs: -jn and -jna, which seem to be in free variation in the corpus, and not determined phonologically. 5.3.1.1 Nominal suffixes and syncretism Several of the nominal inflectional suffixes, considered by themselves, are homophonous: 5 The paradigms in Lehtiranta (1992: 156–157) also indicate an optional -h, while Lagercrantz (1926: 104–105) does not indicate any -h at all. 92
5.3 Number and case marking on nouns Table 5.1: Nominal case and number suffixes singular plural nom - - (∼ -h) gen - (∼ -h) -j acc -v -jt ill -j -jda iness -n -jn elat -st -jst com -jn(a) -j abess -dak, -daga, -gat, -gahta, -ahta ess -n • -j for ill.sg, gen.pl, and com.pl • -jn for iness.pl and com.sg • -n for ess and iness.sg • (optional) -h for nom.pl and gen.sg 6 For Class III nouns 7 which do not exhibit any stem allomorphy, the corresponding inflected noun forms within a paradigm are therefore syncretic. Two examples are listed in Table 5.2. Table 5.2: Syncretic inflectional form sets for Class III nouns without stem allomorphy ill.sg/gen.pl/com.pl iness.pl/com.sg ess/iness.sg nom.pl/gen.sg almatjij almatjijn almatjin almatja(h) ‘person’ ålolij ålolijn ålolin ålola(h) ‘tool’ However, for nouns which have stem allomorphy (consonant gradation, umlaut and/or j-suffix vowel harmony), different stem allomorphs are chosen for ill.sg than for gen.pl and com.pl, for ess than for iness.sg, and for nom.sg than for nom.pl and gen.sg. 6 The alternative to the optional -h suffix for nom.pl and gen.sg forms is no suffix (except for Class III nouns, which are marked by -Ca). 7 Cf. §5.4.3. 93
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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A grammar of Pite Saami Joshua Wilb
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Muv vienagijda Árjepluovest
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Contents 3.2 Vowels . . . . . . . .
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Contents 8.5.4 Class IV . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements This grammar of Pi
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Symbols and abbreviations - segment
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1 Introduction This description of
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.1 The Pite Saami language and its
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1.2 Linguistic documentation of Pit
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1.3 Typological profile Nouns infle
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2 Prosody This description of the p
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure a
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure 2.
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure Ta
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2.2 Multisyllabic word structure (8
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2.3 Utterance-level prosody 2.3 Utt
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3 Segmental phonology Pite Saami ha
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3.1 Consonants not have a comparabl
Page 57 and 58: 3.1 Consonants (21) /pɛvːte/ bäv
Page 59 and 60: 3.1 Consonants (33) /trotnik/ drodn
Page 61 and 62: 3.1 Consonants (50) /nurːʰtas/ nu
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Consonants (57) /pɔʦoj/ båts
Page 65 and 66: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.5: Fricative
Page 67 and 68: 3.1 Consonants (81) /taːfːo/ dáf
Page 69 and 70: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.7: Nasal pho
Page 71 and 72: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.8: Oral sono
Page 73 and 74: 3.1 Consonants (120) /tijstak/ dijs
Page 75 and 76: 3.1 Consonants onset cluster tend t
Page 77 and 78: 3.1 Consonants Table 3.13: Heterosy
Page 79 and 80: 3.2 Vowels Table 3.15: Quantitative
Page 81 and 82: 3.2 Vowels Table 3.16: Distribution
Page 83 and 84: 3.2 Vowels Due to the verbal suffix
Page 85 and 86: 3.2 Vowels (164) /porːe/ buorre [p
Page 87 and 88: 3.2 Vowels r i p ə r e 94 118 166
Page 89 and 90: 4 Morphological patterns and word c
Page 91 and 92: 4.1 Overview of morphology 4.1.2.1
Page 93 and 94: 4.1 Overview of morphology consonan
Page 95 and 96: 4.1 Overview of morphology (10) /pu
Page 97 and 98: 4.2 Overview of word classes (13) /
Page 99 and 100: 5 Nominals I: Nouns Nouns in Pite S
Page 101 and 102: 5.2 The nominal case system (5) ja
Page 103 and 104: 5.2 The nominal case system (14) va
Page 105 and 106: 5.2 The nominal case system (25) d
Page 107: 5.2 The nominal case system clear,
Page 111 and 112: 5.3 Number and case marking on noun
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Page 115 and 116: 5.4 Inflectional classes for nouns
Page 125 and 126: 5.5 Possessive suffixes Table 5.23:
Page 127: 5.5 Possessive suffixes indicate th
Page 130 and 131: 6 Nominals II: Pronouns Table 6.1:
Page 136 and 137: 6 Nominals II: Pronouns are listed
Page 140 and 141: 6 Nominals II: Pronouns plement cla
Page 143 and 144: 7 Adjectivals Adjectivals in Pite S
Page 145 and 146: 7.1 Attributive adjectives are mark
Page 147 and 148: 7.2 Predicative adjectives (9) fáh
Page 149 and 150: 7.2 Predicative adjectives v vi vii
Page 151 and 152: 7.4 Comparatives and superlatives 7
Page 153 and 154: 7.5 Comparing NP referents As with
Page 155 and 156: 7.6 Restrictions on smáva and unna
Page 157 and 158: 7.7 Quantifiers However, when a qua
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7.9 Numerals (41) dajd d-a-jd gulij
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7.9 Numerals Table 7.8: Suppletive
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7.9 Numerals (46) nittonhundratála
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8 Verbs Verbs in Pite Saami form an
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8.1 Finite verbs and inflectional c
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8.2 Non-finite verb forms and perip
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8.4 Morphological marking strategie
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8.5 Inflectional classes for verbs
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9 Other word classes Table 9.1: Der
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9 Other word classes (7) A: udtju u
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9 Other word classes prepositions,
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9 Other word classes Saami as other
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9 Other word classes (21) inijmä i
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9 Other word classes The interjecti
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10 Derivational morphology tion ses
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10 Derivational morphology Two othe
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10 Derivational morphology (23) då
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10 Derivational morphology (37) tja
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10 Derivational morphology 10.2.2 T
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10 Derivational morphology the clas
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10 Derivational morphology (70) bah
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11 Phrase types There are five type
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11.1 Verb complex (1) vietja [vietj
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11.2 Nominal phrases (9) mån lev m
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11.2 Nominal phrases (16) dä dä i
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11.3 Adjectival phrases 11.2.1 NPs
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11.3 Adjectival phrases (30) mánn
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11.5 Postpositional phrases The exa
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12 Overview of the syntax of senten
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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12.2 Constituent order at clause le
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13 Basic clauses A basic clause is
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13.1 Declarative clauses (6) dát d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (15) motor
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13.1 Declarative clauses likely the
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13.1 Declarative clauses (28) dä d
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13.1 Declarative clauses (37) iv i-
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13.2 Interrogative clauses Alternat
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13.3 Clauses in the imperative mood
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13.4 Clauses in the potential mood
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14 Complex clauses (2) men ijtjin m
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14 Complex clauses (6) mån mån j
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14 Complex clauses (15) nä, mån n
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14 Complex clauses 14.2.3 Other sub
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14 Complex clauses (27) dä dä lin
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings T
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Appendix: Inventory of recordings n
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Bibliography Feist, Timothy. 2010.
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Bibliography Selkirk, Elisabeth. 19
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Name index Spiik, Nils Eric, 64, 71
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Subject index 183 strong grade, 75,
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Subject index trill, 55 typological
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A grammar of Pite Saami, 2014

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