Microwave and RF Design - Radio Systems, 2019a

24 STEER MICROWAVE AND RF DESIGN: RADIO SYSTEMS
1.9 References
[1] M. Steer, Microwave and RF Design, Transmission
Lines, 3rd ed. North Carolina State University,
2019.
[2] ——, Microwave and RF Design, Networks,
3rd ed. North Carolina State University,
2019.
[3] ——, Microwave and RF Design, Modules,
3rd ed. North Carolina State University,
2019.
[4] ——, Microwave and RF Design, Amplifiers and
Oscillators, 3rd ed. North Carolina State University,
2019.
[5] “Atmospheric microwave transmittance at
mauna kea, wikipedia creative commons.”
[6] “IEEE standard 521-2002, IEEE Standard Letter
Designations for Radar-Frequency Bands,
2002.”
[7] T. K. Sarkar, R. Mailloux, A. A. Oliner,
M. Salazar-Palma, and D. L. Sengupta, History
of wireless. John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
[8] “IEEE Virtual Museum,” at
http://www.ieee-virtual-museum.org
Search term: ‘Faraday’.
[9] M. Loomis, “Improvement in telegraphing,”
1872, US Patent 129,971.
[10] J. Rautio, “Maxwell’s legacy,” IEEE Microwave
Magazine, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 46–53, Jun.
2005.
[11] J. Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism.
Clarendon Press (Reprinted, Oxford
University Press, 1998), 1873.
[12] P. Atkins and J. DePaula, Physical Chemistry,
9th ed. WH Freeman & Company, 2009.
1.10 Exercises
1. Consideraphotonat1GHz.
(a) What is the energy of the photon in joules?
(b) Is this more or less than the random kinetic
energy of an electron at room temperature?
2. Consider a photon at various frequencies.
(a) What is the photon’s energy at 1 GHz in
terms of electron-volts?
(b) What is the photon’s energy at 10 GHz in
terms of electron-volts?
(c) What is the photon’s energy at 100 GHz in
terms of electron-volts?
(d) What is the photon’s energy at 1 THz in
terms of electron-volts?
3. Consideraphotonat1THz.
(a) What is the energy of the photon in terms of
electron-volts?
(b) What is the energy of the photon in joules?
(c) Is this more or less than the random kinetic
energy of an electron at room temperature
(300 K)?
(d) Discuss if it is necessary to consider quantum
effects of the 1 THz photon at room temperature.
4. Consider a photon at 10 GHz.
(a) What is the energy of the photon in terms of
electron-volts?
(b) What is the energy of the photon in joules?
(c) What is the random kinetic energy of an
electron at room temperature (300 K)?
(d) Calculate the temperature, in kelvins, at
which the random kinetic energy of an electron
is equal to the energy you calculated in
(a).
5. A 10 GHz transmitter transmits a 1 W signal.
How many photons are transmitted?
6. A receiver receives a 1 pW signal at 60 GHz.
How many photons per second are received?
7. At what frequency is the photon energy equal to
the thermal energy of an electron at 300 K?
8. What is the frequency at which the energy of a
photon is equal to the thermal energy of an electron
at 77 K?
9. What is the wavelength in free space of a signal
at 4.5 GHz?
10. Consider a monopole antenna that is a quarter
of a wavelength long. How long is the antenna
if it operates at 3 kHz?
11. Consider a monopole antenna that is a quarter
of a wavelength long. How long is the antenna
if it operates at 500 MHz?
12. Consider a monopole antenna that is a quarter
of a wavelength long. How long is the antenna
if it operates at 2 GHz?
13. A dipole antenna is half of a wavelength long.
How long is the antenna at 2 GHz?
14. A dipole antenna is half of a wavelength long.
How long is the antenna at 1 THz?
15. Write your family name in Morse code (see Table
1-5).
16. A transmitter transmits an FM signal with a
bandwidth of 100 kHz and the signal is received
by a receiver at a distance r from the transmitter.
When r =1km the signal power received by
the receiver is 100 nW. When the receiver moves