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The Enneagram of personality<br />
9<br />
Peacemaker<br />
Challenger<br />
8<br />
1<br />
Reformer<br />
MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE<br />
INDICATOR (MBTI)<br />
It’s estimated that more than two<br />
million people take the MBTI<br />
test every year, so it’s likely you’ll<br />
spot it when searching for a<br />
personality test to try. Created<br />
by mother and daughter team<br />
Katharine Briggs and Isabel<br />
Myers, the test is based on Carl<br />
Jung’s theory of personality,<br />
and looks at the following four<br />
dimensions:<br />
1. Attitudes: extraversion or<br />
introversion. This is about how<br />
people regain their energy<br />
(introverts do so with internal<br />
reflection, extroverts do so<br />
by reflecting outwards with<br />
others), and whether or not<br />
someone is thought-oriented<br />
or action-oriented.<br />
2. The perceiving function:<br />
sensing or intuition. This<br />
identifies whether or not a<br />
person perceives using their<br />
five senses, or their intuition<br />
3. The judging function: thinking<br />
or feeling. This is about how<br />
a person makes a decision,<br />
either with rational thought or<br />
using empathic feeling<br />
4. Lifestyle preferences: judging<br />
or perceiving. This reveals<br />
how a person primarily relates<br />
to the world, either through<br />
their perceiving function, or<br />
their judging function.<br />
Enthusiast<br />
7<br />
Loyalist<br />
6<br />
Investigator<br />
5<br />
When you take the test, you’ll<br />
see your combination of these<br />
factors, and be given one of<br />
16 different personality types<br />
such as ESTP (extraverted,<br />
sensing, thinking, perceiving)<br />
or INFJ (introverted, intuition,<br />
feeling, judging). You can then<br />
learn more about common<br />
characteristics of this type,<br />
and see if you recognise<br />
yourself in the description.<br />
NEO PERSONALITY<br />
INVENTORY-REVISED<br />
(NEO PI-R)<br />
Created by Paul T Costa, Jr.<br />
and Robert R McCrae in the<br />
70s, this test started life as a<br />
way to investigate age-related<br />
changes in personality. The<br />
most recent version of the<br />
test, NEO PI-R, looks at six<br />
4<br />
Individualist<br />
3<br />
2<br />
facets of what’s known as the ‘big<br />
five’ personality traits:<br />
1. Neuroticism<br />
2. Extraversion<br />
3. Openness to experience<br />
4. Agreeableness<br />
5. Conscientiousness<br />
Helper<br />
Achiever<br />
Today the test is typically<br />
used during recruitment and<br />
employment, to help maximise<br />
the productivity of a workforce.<br />
THE ENNEAGRAM<br />
Inspired by ancient traditions,<br />
the Enneagram (coming from the<br />
Greek words ‘ennea’, meaning<br />
nine, and ‘grammos’, a written<br />
or drawn symbol) was brought<br />
to the 20th century in 1915, by<br />
philosopher and teacher George<br />
Gurdjieff. Over time, other<br />
46 | September <strong>2021</strong> | <strong>happiful</strong>.com
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