082-Engineering-Mathematics-Anthony-Croft-Robert-Davison-Martin-Hargreaves-James-Flint-Edisi-5-2017

Recommendations

Info

90 Chapter 2 Engineering functionsUsing the dB measurement for voltage gain (see Engineering application 2.10)this corresponds to voltage gain (dB) =20log V oV iwhich equals 20log10. So,ln10 (Np) = 20log10 (dB). Thus,1Np= 20log10 dB ≈ 8.685 89 dBln 10Using the value quoted earlier of an attenuation factor of 0.3 dB km −1 , this correspondsto0.3 ÷8.685 89 Np km −1 = 0.034539 Np km −1It is more usual to quote values of Np m −1 and so this value becomes 3.4539 ×10 −5 Np m −1 .Engineeringapplication2.13ReferencelevelsWe saw in Engineering application 2.11 that the suffix ‘m’ is used in dBm to indicatetheprovisionofaspecificreferencelevel.Alternativesuffixesareusedtodenoteother reference levels and quantities, which do not necessarily have to be related toelectricalpower.Forexample,whenmeasuringsoundpressure,P,inairtheconventionalreferencelevelforsoundpressureis20µPar.m.s.Thisischosentocorrespondtotheapproximatethresholdofhumanhearingfora1kHzsinusoidalsignal.Theunitforsoundpressureisthereforequotedwithreferencetoaninputpressureof20 µPa.ThisiscommonlywrittenasdBre20 µPar.m.s.orusingtheshorthanddBSPL(dB,soundpressure level). Inotherwords wehave( )Psoundpressure level (dBSPL) = 20log20 ×10 −6Asaconsequenceofthechoiceofthehumanhearingthresholdasthereferencelevel,anegativevalueofdBSPLcorrespondstoasoundthatistooquiettobeheardbytheaverageperson;0dBSPLisasoundthatcanjustbeheardandanythingabovethisisfullyaudible.Anofficemighthaveanambient(background)levelof30dBSPLanda person talking to you at the next desk might produce 60 dB SPL, both quantitiesbeing measured atyour hearing position.LogarithmfunctionsThelogarithm functionsaredefined byf(x)=log ax x>0whereaisapositive constant called the base.In particular the logarithm functions f (x) = logx and f (x) = lnx are shown in Figure2.32andsomevaluesaregiveninTable2.5.Thedomainofbothofthesefunctionsis(0,∞)andtheirrangesare (−∞,∞).Weobservefromthegraphsthatthesefunctions
2.4 Review of some common engineering functions and techniques 91Table2.5Somevalues forlogarithmfunctionslogx and lnx.x logx lnxyln xlog x0.1 −1 −2.3030.5 −0.301 −0.6931 0 02 0.301 0.6935 0.699 1.60910 1 2.30350 1.699 3.912Figure2.32Graphsoflnx and logx.1 xare one-to-one. It is important to stress that the logarithm functions, log ax, are onlydefined for positive values ofx. The following properties should be noted:}}logx→∞ logx→−∞asx→∞ asx→0lnx→∞ lnx→−∞log1=ln1=0log10=1 lne=1ConnectionbetweenexponentialandlogarithmfunctionsTheexponentialfunction, f (x) =a x ,isaone-to-onefunctionandsoaninversefunction,f −1 (x), exists.RecallSoNowf −1 (f(x))=xf −1 (a x )=xlog a(a x ) =xlog aausing laws of logarithms=x since log aa = 1Hence the inverse of f (x) = a x is f −1 (x) = log ax. By similar analysis the inverse off(x)=log axisf −1 (x) =a x .The inverse of the exponential function, f (x) = a x , is the logarithm function, thatis f −1 (x) = log ax.Theinverseofthelogarithmfunction, f (x) = log ax,istheexponentialfunction,thatis f −1 (x) =a x .In particular:If f(x) =e x ,then f −1 (x) =lnx.If f(x) = lnx,then f −1 (x) =e x .If f(x) = 10 x ,then f −1 (x) =logx.If f(x) = logx,then f −1 (x) =10 x .
Page 1 and 2:
ENGINEERINGMATHEMATICSA Foundation
Page 3 and 4:
At Pearson, we have a simple missio
Page 5 and 6:
PEARSONEDUCATIONLIMITEDEdinburghGat
Page 7 and 8:
ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgementsxvii
Page 9 and 10:
Contents ix8.3 Addition,subtraction
Page 11 and 12:
Contents xiChapter17 Numericalinteg
Page 13 and 14:
Contents xiiiChapter24 TheFouriertr
Page 15 and 16:
Contents xvAppendixI Representing a
Page 17 and 18:
PrefaceAudienceThis book has been w
Page 19 and 20:
AcknowledgementsWearegratefultothef
Page 21 and 22:
1 ReviewofalgebraictechniquesConten
Page 23 and 24:
1.2 Laws of indices 3So6 2 6 3 =6 5
Page 25 and 26:
1.2 Laws of indices 5(c)(d)x 9x 5 =
Page 27 and 28:
1.2 Laws of indices 71.2.4 Multiple
Page 29 and 30:
1.2 Laws of indices 9Similarly(2 1/
Page 31 and 32:
1.3 Number bases 11Solutions1 (a) 8
Page 33 and 34:
1.3 Number bases 13giving83=64+16+3
Page 35 and 36:
1.3 Number bases 15Example1.16 Conv
Page 37 and 38:
1.3 Number bases 17Table1.4isusedto
Page 39 and 40:
1.3 Number bases 19The display show
Page 41 and 42:
1.4 Polynomial equations 21Example1
Page 43 and 44:
1.4 Polynomial equations 23We now i
Page 45 and 46:
so thatβ=−13Bycomparing coeffici
Page 47 and 48:
1.5.1 Properandimproperfractions1.5
Page 49 and 50:
1.5 Algebraic fractions 29(b) Facto
Page 51 and 52:
1.5 Algebraic fractions 31and4x +2
Page 53 and 54:
1.6 Solution of inequalities 33(g)(
Page 55 and 56:
1.6 Solution of inequalities 35Exam
Page 57 and 58:
1.6 Solution of inequalities 37Case
Page 59 and 60: 1.7 Partial fractions 391.7 PARTIAL
Page 61 and 62: 1.7 Partial fractions 41Thus we hav
Page 63 and 64: 1.7 Partial fractions 43Solution Th
Page 65 and 66: 1.7 Partial fractions 45EXERCISES1.
Page 67 and 68: 1.8 Summation notation 47Engineerin
Page 69 and 70: 1.8 Summation notation 49thecircuit
Page 71 and 72: Review exercises 1 513 Removethe br
Page 73 and 74: Review exercises 1 53[ ((d) 3 z −
Page 75 and 76: 2.2 Numbers and intervals 55in orde
Page 77 and 78: 2.3 Basic concepts of functions 57f
Page 79 and 80: 2.3 Basic concepts of functions 59s
Page 81 and 82: 2.3 Basic concepts of functions 61b
Page 83 and 84: 2.3 Basic concepts of functions 63E
Page 85 and 86: 2.3 Basic concepts of functions 65f
Page 87 and 88: 2.3 Basic concepts of functions 67T
Page 89 and 90: 2.3 Basic concepts of functions 691
Page 91 and 92: 2.4 Review of some common engineeri
Page 95 and 96: 2.4.2 Rationalfunctions2.4 Review o
Page 101 and 102: Table2.2Values ofa x fora = 0.5, 2
Page 105 and 106: 2.4.4 Logarithmfunctions2.4 Review
Page 109: 2.4 Review of some common engineeri
Page 133 and 134: Review exercises 2 113REVIEWEXERCIS
Page 135 and 136: 3 ThetrigonometricfunctionsContents
Page 137 and 138: Note thattanθ = BCAB = BCAC × ACA
Page 139 and 140: 3.3 The trigonometric ratios 119yyB
Page 141 and 142: 3.4 The sine, cosine and tangent fu
Page 143 and 144: 3.5 The sincxfunction 123EXERCISES3
Page 145 and 146: 3.6 Trigonometric identities 125ors
Page 147 and 148: 3.6 Trigonometric identities 127Exa
Page 149 and 150: 3.6 Trigonometric identities 129Exa
Page 151 and 152: 3.7 Modelling waves using sint and
Page 161 and 162:
3.7 Modelling waves using sint and
Page 163 and 164:
3.7 Modelling waves using sint and
Page 165 and 166:
3.8 Trigonometric equations 145sin
Page 167 and 168:
3.8 Trigonometric equations 147tan
Page 169 and 170:
Usingascientific calculator wehavez
Page 171 and 172:
Review exercises 3 1516 Simplify th
Page 173 and 174:
Review exercises 3 153(d) 1.581sin(
Page 175 and 176:
4.2 Cartesian coordinate system --
Page 177 and 178:
4.3 Cartesian coordinate system --
Page 179 and 180:
4.4 Polar coordinates 1594.4 POLARC
Page 181 and 182:
4.4 Polar coordinates 161yOurxFigur
Page 183 and 184:
4.5 Some simple polar curves 163EXE
Page 185 and 186:
4.5 Some simple polar curves 165uAn
Page 187 and 188:
4.6 Cylindrical polar coordinates 1
Page 189 and 190:
4.6 Cylindrical polar coordinates 1
Page 191 and 192:
4.7 Spherical polar coordinates 171
Page 193 and 194:
Review exercises 4 173zzFeeding lin
Page 195 and 196:
5 DiscretemathematicsContents 5.1 I
Page 197 and 198:
5.2 Set theory 177Example5.1 Useset
Page 199 and 200:
5.2 Set theory 179EMNM fNfFigure5.2
Page 201 and 202:
5.2 Set theory 181someelementsinA.W
Page 203 and 204:
5.3 Logic 183CDCD(a)(b)CDCD(c)(d)(e
Page 205 and 206:
5.4 Boolean algebra 185ABA . BFigur
Page 207 and 208:
5.4 Boolean algebra 187Table5.12Tru
Page 209 and 210:
5.4 Boolean algebra 189However, we
Page 211 and 212:
5.4 Boolean algebra 191S0Stage0A0 B
Page 213 and 214:
5.4 Boolean algebra 193V DDPMOSQ1DD
Page 215 and 216:
5.4 Boolean algebra 195(d) A ·B·(
Page 217 and 218:
Review exercises 5 19712 (a) A·B+A
Page 219 and 220:
Review exercises 5 1997 (a) (A·B)
Page 221 and 222:
6.2 Sequences 2016.2 SEQUENCESAsequ
Page 223 and 224:
6.2 Sequences 203sin t1x[k]1- 3p-2p
Page 225 and 226:
6.2 Sequences 205Ageneralgeometricp
Page 227 and 228:
6.2 Sequences 207can sensibly letk
Page 229 and 230:
6.3 Series 20913 ±12814 315 016 (a
Page 231 and 232:
6.3.2 Sumofafinitegeometricseries6.
Page 233 and 234:
6.3 Series 213whereS ∞is known as
Page 235 and 236:
6.4 The binomial theorem 215Example
Page 237 and 238:
6.4 The binomial theorem 217EXERCIS
Page 239 and 240:
6.6 Sequences arising from the iter
Page 241 and 242:
6.6 Sequences arising from the iter
Page 243 and 244:
Review exercises 6 22315 (a) Write
Page 245 and 246:
7.2 Vectors and scalars: basic conc
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
yjOirFigure7.19Thex--y plane withpo
Page 255 and 256:
7.3 Cartesian components 235Solutio
Page 257 and 258:
7.3 Cartesian components 237Enginee
Page 259 and 260:
7.3 Cartesian components 2393 Ifa=4
Page 261 and 262:
7.5 The scalar product 241OEFigure7
Page 263 and 264:
7.5 The scalar product 243Example7.
Page 265 and 266:
----------7.5 The scalar product 24
Page 267 and 268:
7.6 The vector product 247a 3 bubPl
Page 269 and 270:
7.6 The vector product 249The k com
Page 271 and 272:
7.6 The vector product 251Engineeri
Page 273 and 274:
7.7 Vectors ofndimensions 253andH =
Page 275 and 276:
Review exercises 7 255EXERCISES7.71
Page 277 and 278:
8 MatrixalgebraContents 8.1 Introdu
Page 279 and 280:
8.3 Addition, subtraction and multi
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Example8.8 IfB =( ) 123andC=456⎛
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
8.4 Using matrices in the translati
Page 289 and 290:
8.4 Using matrices in the translati
Page 291 and 292:
8.5 Some special matrices 271V new=
Page 293 and 294:
Example8.18 IfA =Solution We haveA
Page 295 and 296:
8.6.1 FindingtheinverseofamatrixFor
Page 297 and 298:
8.6 The inverse of a 2 × 2 matrix
Page 299 and 300:
8.7 Determinants 279In addition to
Page 301 and 302:
8.8 The inverse of a 3 × 3 matrix
Page 303 and 304:
8.9 Application to the solution of
Page 305 and 306:
8.9 Application to the solution of
Page 307 and 308:
Solution Firstconsider the equation
Page 309 and 310:
8.10 Gaussian elimination 289anythi
Page 311 and 312:
Eliminating the unwanted values int
Page 313 and 314:
⎛R 1R 2→R 2−6R 1⎝R 3→R 3
Page 315 and 316:
8.11 Eigenvalues and eigenvectors 2
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Itfollows thatso that(2−λ)(4−
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
8.12 Analysis of electrical network
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
8.13 Iterative techniques for the s
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
8.14 Computer solutions of matrix p
Page 341 and 342:
Review exercises 8 321V = [3;−6;4
Page 343 and 344:
Review exercises 8 3234 (a) −8⎛
Page 345 and 346:
9.2 Complex numbers 3259.2 COMPLEXN
Page 347 and 348:
9.2 Complex numbers 3279.2.1 Thecom
Page 349 and 350:
Similarly, wefind, by equating imag
Page 351 and 352:
9.3 Operations with complex numbers
Page 353 and 354:
9.5 Polar form of a complex number
Page 355 and 356:
9.5.1 Multiplicationanddivisioninpo
Page 357 and 358:
9.7 The exponential form of a compl
Page 359 and 360:
9.7 The exponential form of a compl
Page 361 and 362:
9.8 Phasors 341example, in the case
Page 363 and 364:
9.8 Phasors 343Therefore,Ṽ S=ṼR
Page 365 and 366:
which isclearly true,and the theore
Page 367 and 368:
9.9 De Moivre’s theorem 347y25p
Page 369 and 370:
9.9 De Moivre’s theorem 349Now, w
Page 371 and 372:
9.10 Loci and regions of the comple
Page 373 and 374:
9.10 Loci and regions of the comple
Page 375 and 376:
Review exercises 9 3559 Sketch the
Page 377 and 378:
10.2 Graphical approach to differen
Page 379 and 380:
10.3 Limits and continuity 359f (t)
Page 381 and 382:
10.3 Limits and continuity 361Theli
Page 383 and 384:
10.4 Rate of change at a specific p
Page 385 and 386:
10.5 Rate of change at a general po
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
10.6 Existence of derivatives 371x
Page 393 and 394:
10.7 Common derivatives 373Table10.
Page 395 and 396:
10.8 Differentiation as a linear op
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Review exercises 10 385REVIEWEXERCI
Page 407 and 408:
11.2 Rules of differentiation 387Th
Page 409 and 410:
11.2 Rules of differentiation 389Th
Page 411 and 412:
(b) Ify = ln(1 −t),theny ′ =
Page 413 and 414:
11.3 Parametric, implicit and logar
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
11.4 Higher derivatives 401Example1
Page 423 and 424:
11.4 Higher derivatives 403yCByCAyB
Page 425 and 426:
Review exercises 11 405Solutions1 (
Page 427 and 428:
12.2 Maximum points and minimum poi
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
Page 435 and 436:
12.3 Points of inflexion 415Solutio
Page 437 and 438:
12.3 Points of inflexion 417y ′ =
Page 439 and 440:
12.4 The Newton--Raphson method for
Page 441 and 442:
12.4 The Newton--Raphson method for
Page 443 and 444:
12.5 Differentiation of vectors 423
Page 445 and 446:
Solution (a) Ifa = 3t 2 i +cos2tj,
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
13.2 Elementary integration 42913.2
Page 451 and 452:
13.2 Elementary integration 431Tabl
Page 453 and 454:
Solution (a)sinx+cosx(j)2(k) 2t −
Page 455 and 456:
13.2 Elementary integration 435Engi
Page 457 and 458:
13.2 Elementary integration 4374.00
Page 459 and 460:
Therefore,∫∫ 1sinmtsinnt dt = {
Page 461 and 462:
13.2 Elementary integration 4412 (a
Page 463 and 464:
13.3 Definite and indefinite integr
Page 465 and 466:
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473 and 474:
Review exercises 13 4536716438 (a)
Page 475 and 476:
Review exercises 13 45522 Calculate
Page 477 and 478:
14 TechniquesofintegrationContents
Page 479 and 480:
14.2 Integration by parts 459Usingt
Page 481 and 482:
Usingintegration by parts we have
Page 483 and 484:
14.3 Integration by substitution 46
Page 485 and 486:
14.3 Integration by substitution 46
Page 487 and 488:
14.4 Integration using partial frac
Page 489 and 490:
Review exercises 14 469∫ π/3(b)
Page 491 and 492:
15 ApplicationsofintegrationContent
Page 493 and 494:
15.2 Average value of a function 47
Page 495 and 496:
15.3 Root mean square value of a fu
Page 497 and 498:
15.3 Root mean square value of a fu
Page 499 and 500:
Review exercises 15 479(d) 0.7071(e
Page 501 and 502:
[Example16.1 Show that f (x) =xandg
Page 503 and 504:
Solution (a) We use the trigonometr
Page 505 and 506:
16.3 Improper integrals 485iC 1 C 2
Page 507 and 508:
∫ 2either of the integrals failst
Page 509 and 510:
16.4 Integral properties of the del
Page 511 and 512:
16.5 Integration of piecewise conti
Page 513 and 514:
16.6 Integration of vectors 49316.6
Page 515 and 516:
Review exercises 16 49512 Given14 G
Page 517 and 518:
17.2 Trapezium rule 497y{ {y 0 y ny
Page 519 and 520:
17.2 Trapezium rule 499The differen
Page 521 and 522:
yABCDE17.3 Simpson’s rule 501quad
Page 523 and 524:
17.3 Simpson’s rule 503Table17.6T
Page 525 and 526:
Review Exercises 17 505EXERCISES17.
Page 527 and 528:
18 Taylorpolynomials,Taylorseriesan
Page 529 and 530:
18.2 Linearization using first-orde
Page 531 and 532:
18.2 Linearization using first-orde
Page 533 and 534:
18.3 Second-order Taylor polynomial
Page 535 and 536:
18.3 Second-order Taylor polynomial
Page 537 and 538:
18.4 Taylor polynomials of the nth
Page 539 and 540:
18.4. Taylor polynomials of the nth
Page 541 and 542:
18.5 Taylor’s formula and the rem
Page 543 and 544:
We know |x| < 1, and so 4x51518.5 T
Page 545 and 546:
18.6 Taylor and Maclaurin series 52
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
Review exercises 18 5337 (a) 0, 2,
Page 555 and 556:
19.2 Basic definitions 535In engine
Page 557 and 558:
19.2 Basic definitions 537Note also
Page 559 and 560:
19.2 Basic definitions 539fromwhich
Page 561 and 562:
19.3 First-order equations: simple
Page 563 and 564:
Page 565 and 566:
Page 567 and 568:
19.4 First-order linear equations:
Page 569 and 570:
and so, upon integrating,so that(co
Page 571 and 572:
Page 573 and 574:
Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
Page 579 and 580:
19.5 Second-order linear equations
Page 581 and 582:
19.6 Constant coefficient equations
Page 583 and 584:
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
Page 589 and 590:
Page 591 and 592:
thatis,β = 332The required particu
Page 593 and 594:
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
Page 603 and 604:
Page 605 and 606:
19.7 Series solution of differentia
Page 607 and 608:
19.8 Bessel’s equation and Bessel
Page 609 and 610:
Page 611 and 612:
fromwhicha 5=− 124 a 3 = 1192 a 1
Page 613 and 614:
n 5 2n 5 3n5 419.8 Bessel’s equat
Page 615 and 616:
Page 617 and 618:
Page 619 and 620:
Page 621 and 622:
Review exercises 19 601quencies, kn
Page 623 and 624:
20 OrdinarydifferentialequationsIIC
Page 625 and 626:
20.2 Analogue simulation 605y iy i
Page 627 and 628:
20.3 Higher order equations 607High
Page 629 and 630:
20.4 State-space models 609Solution
Page 631 and 632:
20.4 State-space models 611statevar
Page 633 and 634:
20.4 State-space models 613R a L aT
Page 635 and 636:
20.5 Numerical methods 615Combining
Page 637 and 638:
20.6 Euler’s method 617and we can
Page 639 and 640:
20.6 Euler’s method 619Whenx = 1,
Page 641 and 642:
20.7 Improved Euler method 621Table
Page 643 and 644:
20.8 Runge--Kutta method of order 4
Page 645 and 646:
20.8.1 Higherorderequations20.8 Run
Page 647 and 648:
21 TheLaplacetransformContents 21.1
Page 649 and 650:
21.3 Laplace transforms of some com
Page 651 and 652:
21.4 Properties of the Laplace tran
Page 653 and 654:
(b) Usethe first shift theorem with
Page 655 and 656:
21.5 Laplace transform of derivativ
Page 657 and 658:
21.5 Laplace transform of derivativ
Page 659 and 660:
21.6 Inverse Laplace transforms 639
Page 661 and 662:
21.7 Using partial fractions to fin
Page 663 and 664:
21.8 Finding the inverse Laplace tr
Page 665 and 666:
21.8 Finding the inverse Laplace tr
Page 667 and 668:
21.9 The convolution theorem 64721.
Page 669 and 670:
21.9 Solving linear constant coeffi
Page 671 and 672:
21.10 Solving linear constant coeff
Page 673 and 674:
Page 675 and 676:
X(s)= s3 −3s 2 −4s+6s 2 (s 2
Page 677 and 678:
Page 679 and 680:
21.11 Transfer functions 659(c) x
Page 681 and 682:
21.11 Transfer functions 661R(s)G(s
Page 683 and 684:
21.11 Transfer functions 663R(s) +-
Page 685 and 686:
21.11 Transfer functions 665Fuel va
Page 687 and 688:
21.11 Transfer functions 667u a (t)
Page 689 and 690:
21.12 Poles, zeros and thesplane 66
Page 691 and 692:
Page 693 and 694:
Page 695 and 696:
21.13 Laplace transforms of some sp
Page 697 and 698:
21.13.2 Periodicfunctions21.13 Lapl
Page 699 and 700:
Review exercises 21 6792 Find the L
Page 701 and 702:
22 Differenceequationsandtheztransf
Page 703 and 704:
22.2 Basic definitions 68322.2.2 Th
Page 705 and 706:
22.2 Basic definitions 685an inhomo
Page 707 and 708:
22.3 Rewriting difference equations
Page 709 and 710:
22.4 Block diagram representation o
Page 711 and 712:
22.4 Block diagram representation o
Page 713 and 714:
22.5 Design of a discrete-time cont
Page 715 and 716:
22.6 Numerical solution of differen
Page 717 and 718:
22.6 Numerical solution of differen
Page 719 and 720:
22.7 Definition of the z transform
Page 721 and 722:
22.7 Definition of the z transform
Page 723 and 724:
22.8 Sampling a continuous signal 7
Page 725 and 726:
22.9 The relationship between the z
Page 727 and 728:
22.9 The relationship between the z
Page 729 and 730:
22.10 Properties of the z transform
Page 731 and 732:
Page 733 and 734:
Page 735 and 736:
22.11 Inversion of z transforms 715
Page 737 and 738:
22.11 Inversion of z transforms 717
Page 739 and 740:
22.12 The z transform and differenc
Page 741 and 742:
Review exercises 22 721(e) q[k +3]
Page 743 and 744:
23.2 Periodic waveforms 72323.2 PER
Page 745 and 746:
23.2 Periodic waveforms 725f(t)1f(t
Page 747 and 748:
23.3 Odd and even functions 727f(t)
Page 749 and 750:
23.3 Odd and even functions 729f(t)
Page 751 and 752:
23.3 Odd and even functions 731the
Page 753 and 754:
23.5 Fourier series 733Table23.1Som
Page 755 and 756:
23.5 Fourier series 735point out th
Page 757 and 758:
23.5 Fourier series 737but cos(−n
Page 759 and 760:
23.5 Fourier series 739Example23.16
Page 761 and 762:
23.5 Fourier series 741y4- 3π -- -
Page 763 and 764:
23.5 Fourier series 743We conclude
Page 765 and 766:
23.6 Half-range series 745EXERCISES
Page 767 and 768:
23.6 Half-range series 747Half-rang
Page 769 and 770:
23.8 Complex notation 749Engineerin
Page 771 and 772:
23.9 Frequency response of a linear
Page 773 and 774:
23.9 Frequency response of a linear
Page 775 and 776:
̸̸̸Review exercises 23 755The va
Page 777 and 778:
24 TheFouriertransformContents 24.1
Page 779 and 780:
24.2 The Fourier transform -- defin
Page 781 and 782:
24.3 Some properties of the Fourier
Page 783 and 784:
∫ 2[ ] eSolution (a) F(ω)=3 e
Page 785 and 786:
24.3 Some properties of the Fourier
Page 787 and 788:
24.4 Spectra 767uF(v)u2-4p -3p -2p
Page 789 and 790:
The t−ω duality principle 769f(t
Page 791 and 792:
24.6 Fourier transforms of some spe
Page 793 and 794:
24.7 The relationship between the F
Page 795 and 796:
24.8 Convolution and correlation 77
Page 797 and 798:
and theirproduct isF(ω)G(ω) =1(1+
Page 799 and 800:
Page 801 and 802:
Page 803 and 804:
24.9 The discrete Fourier transform
Page 805 and 806:
24.9 The discrete Fourier transform
Page 807 and 808:
24.10 Derivation of the d.f.t. 787T
Page 809 and 810:
(Solution ConsiderF˜ ω + 2π )for
Page 811 and 812:
24.11 Using the d.f.t.to estimate a
Page 813 and 814:
24.13 Some properties of the d.f.t.
Page 815 and 816:
24.14 The discrete cosine transform
Page 817 and 818:
Page 819 and 820:
Page 821 and 822:
24.15 Discrete convolution and corr
Page 823 and 824:
Page 825 and 826:
Page 827 and 828:
Page 829 and 830:
Page 831 and 832:
Page 833 and 834:
Page 835 and 836:
Page 837 and 838:
Page 839 and 840:
Page 841 and 842:
Page 843 and 844:
25 FunctionsofseveralvariablesConte
Page 845 and 846:
25.3 Partial derivatives 825DCAz =
Page 847 and 848:
25.3 Partial derivatives 827Enginee
Page 849 and 850:
25.4 Higher order derivatives 829
Page 851 and 852:
25.4 Higher order derivatives 831Ex
Page 853 and 854:
25.5 Partial differential equations
Page 855 and 856:
25.6 Taylor polynomials and Taylor
Page 857 and 858:
Page 859 and 860:
Page 861 and 862:
25.7 Maximum and minimum points of
Page 863 and 864:
Page 865 and 866:
Page 867 and 868:
Review exercises 25 8474 Find allfi
Page 869 and 870:
26 VectorcalculusContents 26.1 Intr
Page 871 and 872:
26.3 The gradient of a scalar field
Page 873 and 874:
(b) At (0,0,0), ∇φ =0i+3j+0k =3j
Page 875 and 876:
26.3 The gradient of a scalar field
Page 877 and 878:
26.4.1 Physicalinterpretationof ∇
Page 879 and 880:
26.5 The curl of a vector field 859
Page 881 and 882:
26.6 Combining the operators grad,
Page 883 and 884:
26.6 Combining the operators grad,
Page 885 and 886:
Equation3Review exercises 26 865cur
Page 887 and 888:
27 Lineintegralsandmultipleintegral
Page 889 and 890:
27.2 Line integrals 869SolutionThe
Page 891 and 892:
27.3 Evaluation of line integrals i
Page 893 and 894:
27.4 Evaluation of line integrals i
Page 895 and 896:
27.5 Conservative fields and potent
Page 897 and 898:
27.5 Conservative fields and potent
Page 899 and 900:
Substitutingy =x 2 and dy = 2xdx we
Page 901 and 902:
27.6 Double and triple integrals 88
Page 903 and 904:
Page 905 and 906:
Page 907 and 908:
y10GDR27.6 Double and triple integr
Page 909 and 910:
27.7 Some simple volume and surface
Page 911 and 912:
Page 913 and 914:
Page 915 and 916:
27.8 The divergence theorem and Sto
Page 917 and 918:
27.8 The divergence theorem and Sto
Page 919 and 920:
27.9 Maxwell’s equations in integ
Page 921 and 922:
Page 923 and 924:
28 ProbabilityContents 28.1 Introdu
Page 925 and 926:
28.2 Introducing probability 905Ifm
Page 927 and 928:
28.2 Introducing probability 907Eng
Page 929 and 930:
28.3 Mutually exclusive events: the
Page 931 and 932:
28.3 Mutually exclusive events: the
Page 933 and 934:
28.4 Complementary events 913EXERCI
Page 935 and 936:
28.5 Concepts from communication th
Page 937 and 938:
28.5 Concepts from communication th
Page 939 and 940:
28.6 Conditional probability: the m
Page 941 and 942:
28.6 Conditional probability: the m
Page 943 and 944:
P(A ∩C) =P(C ∩A) =P(C)P(A|C)P(A
Page 945 and 946:
28.7 Independent events 9255 Compon
Page 947 and 948:
28.7 Independent events 927Solution
Page 949 and 950:
28.7 Independent events 929E 1,E 2a
Page 951 and 952:
Review exercises 28 931(d) A compon
Page 953 and 954:
29 Statisticsandprobabilitydistribu
Page 955 and 956:
29.3 Probability distributions -- d
Page 957 and 958:
29.4 Probability density functions
Page 959 and 960:
29.5 Mean value 939Example29.3 Find
Page 961 and 962:
29.6 Standard deviation 94129.6 STA
Page 963 and 964:
29.7 Expected value of a random var
Page 965 and 966:
29.7 Expected value of a random var
Page 967 and 968:
29.8 Standard deviation of a random
Page 969 and 970:
29.9 Permutations and combinations
Page 971 and 972:
29.9 Permutations and combinations
Page 973 and 974:
29.10 The binomial distribution 953
Page 975 and 976:
29.10 The binomial distribution 955
Page 977 and 978:
29.11 The Poisson distribution 957I
Page 979 and 980:
Table29.6Theprobabilitiesforbinomia
Page 981 and 982:
29.12 The uniform distribution 9615
Page 983 and 984:
29.14 The normal distribution 963So
Page 985 and 986:
29.14 The normal distribution 965N(
Page 987 and 988:
29.14 The normal distribution 967Ta
Page 989 and 990:
29.14 The normal distribution 969EX
Page 991 and 992:
29.15 Reliability engineering 971in
Page 993 and 994:
29.15 Reliability engineering 973En
Page 995 and 996:
29.15 Reliability engineering 975k
Page 997 and 998:
Review exercises 29 977Solutions1 0
Page 999 and 1000:
AppendicesContents I Representingac
Page 1001 and 1002:
II The Greek alphabet 981f(t)T0 t 0
Page 1003 and 1004:
Indexabsolute quantity88absorption
Page 1005 and 1006:
Index 985chord 357--8circuital law
Page 1007 and 1008:
Index 987cycle ofsint 131cycles ofl
Page 1009 and 1010:
Index 989eigenvalues andeigenvector
Page 1011 and 1012:
Index 991spectra 766--8t-w duality
Page 1013 and 1014:
Index 993characteristic impedance o
Page 1015 and 1016:
Index 995exclusive OR gate 189NAND
Page 1017 and 1018:
Index 997second-order 829--30, 833,
Page 1019 and 1020:
Index 999remainder term,Taylor’s
Page 1021 and 1022:
Index 1001solenoidal vectorfield 85
Page 1023 and 1024:
Index 1003calculus 849--66curl859--
show all

082-Engineering-Mathematics-Anthony-Croft-Robert-Davison-Martin-Hargreaves-James-Flint-Edisi-5-2017

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?