Advanced Waterworks Mathematics, 2019a

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Pound Formula 8.34 lbs MG ppm gal % concentration lbs 8.34 lbs 0.37 MG 100 ppm gal 308.58 45% concentration 0.45 = 685.73 lbs c. Assuming the following costs, which one is least expensive? i. Sodium hypochlorite = $2.75 per gallon $2.75 154.2 gal = $424.05 gal ii. HTH = $1.35 per pound $1.35 685.73 lbs = $925.74 lbs 7. A water treatment operator adjusted the amount of 15% Alum dosage from 90 mg/L to 65 mg/L. Based on a treatment flow of 8 MGD, what is the cost savings if 15% Alum costs $1.20 per pound? 8.34 lbs 8 MGD 90 ppm gal 6,004.8 15% concentration 0.15 = 40,032 lbs per day $1.20 40,032 lbs = $48,038.40 per day lbs 8.34 lbs 8 MGD 65 ppm gal 4,336.8 = 28,912 lbs per day 15% concentration 0.15 $1.20 28,912 lbs = $34,694.4 per day lbs Cost Savings = $48,038.40 per day - $34,694.4 per day = $13,344 per day 310 | A dvanced Waterworks Mathematics
8. A water utility produced 6,000 AF of water last year. The entire amount was dosed at an average rate of 0.6 ppm. If the chemical of choice was 35% HTH at a per pound cost of $2.43, what was the annual budget? 6,000 AF 325,851 gal 1 MG MG 1,955.11 = 1,955 year 1 AF 1,000,000 gal year 1,955 MG 8.34 lbs 9,782.82 lbs 9,783 lbs 0.6 ppm = = year gal year year 9,783 lbs 9,783 lbs 9,783 lbs year year year 27,951.43 lbs = = % concentration 35% 0.35 year 27,951.43 lbs $2.43 = $67,921.97 per year year lbs 9. Ferric chloride is used as the coagulant of choice at a 10.1 MGD rated capacity treatment plant. If the plant operated at the rated capacity for 60% of the year and operated at 30% of rated capacity for 40% of the year, how many pounds of the coagulant was needed to maintain a dosage of 65 mg/L? 60% of the year: 365 days 0.60 = 219 days 40% of the year: 365 days 0.40 = 146 days Plant flow during 60% of the year. 10.1 MG D 219 days = 2,211.9 MG 8.34 lbs 2,211.9 MG 65 ppm 1,199,070.99 lbs 1,199,071 lbs gal Plant flow during 40% of the year. 10.1 MG 0.30 146 days = 442.38 MG D 8.34 lbs 442.38 MG 65 ppm 239,814.198 lbs 239,814 lbs gal Total pounds used annually. 1,199,071 lbs + 238,814 lbs 1,437,885 lbs 311 | A dvanced Waterworks Mathematics
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1 | A dvanced Waterworks Mathematic
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Acknowledgements College of the Can
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Unit 10 201 10.1 Horsepower and Eff
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Multiple units may need to be conve
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Practice Problems 1.1a Show how eac
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Word problems may involve unit conv
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6. A pipe flows at a rate of 6.3 cf
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6. A well flows at a rate of 1,250
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Well 2: Total Flow in MGD 1,000 gal
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Practice Problems 1.2 1. A water ut
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3. A water utility has 12,300 servi
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The shape of a tank is often a cyli
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Circles A circle is a round figure
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Example: What is the area of an 813
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Trapezoids Trapezoids are four-side
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Figure 2.9 9 Circumference of a Cir
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The formula for the area of a spher
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Example: What is the entire interio
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Practice Problems 2.1 1. What is th
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8. What is the entire interior surf
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5. A standpipe needs to be painted.
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Then, calculate the volume of the t
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2 1 2 Trapezoidal Prism = H L 8.5
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Exercise 2.2 1. What is the volume
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2.3 AREA AND VOLUME WORD PROBLEMS W
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Figure 2.20 19 Step 4: Put the info
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Step 3: Make a sketch to clarify th
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Figure 2.22 21 When looking at a pr
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Calculate the volume of the cylinde
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4. A water tank truck delivered 30
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Exercise 2.3 1. A water utility ope
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6. A private contractor needs water
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2.4 FLOW RATE Flow rate is the meas
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Key Terms circumference - the dist
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4. What is the diameter of a pipe t
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4. What is the diameter of a pipe t
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Substance Specific Gravity Weight C
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5. The specific gravity of 25% Alum
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5. The specific gravity of 25% Alum
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To convert between a percentage and
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And now we are moving to the row fo
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Practice Problems 3.2 1. An 87.5% c
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Exercise 3.2 Solve the following pr
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3.3 MIXING AND DILUTING SOLUTIONS T
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Total Volume of the new solution is
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3. A chlorine storage tank that is
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3. A chlorine storage tank that is
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The following charts or Pie Wheels
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At only a 10% concentration, you wi
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Now the question is asking how many
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Key Terms chlorine demand - the
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3. How many pounds of 24.5% sodium
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7. A water treatment operator adjus
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11. An operator added 422 gallons o
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3. How many pounds of 12.5% sodium
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7. A water treatment operator adjus
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11. An operator added 275 gallons o
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Weirs can either be sharp-crested o
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Weir Overflow Rate (gpm/ft) = ? gpm
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Key Terms weir - an overflow stru
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5. A treatment plant processes 8.4
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5. A treatment plant processes 15 M
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UNIT 6 6.1 DETENTION TIME Detention
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D = t Volume Flow gallons million
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Rearranging the terms in the detent
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3. A water utility engineer is desi
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7. A 70-foot diameter, 35-foot-deep
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3. A water utility engineer is desi
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7. The chlorine residual decay rate
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11. A circular clarifier processes
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Although filtration rates are commo
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Key Terms contact time - detenti
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4. A water treatment plant processe
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Exercise 6.2 1. A water treatment p
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7. An Engineer is designing a circu
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Pin It! Misconception Alert Sometim
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Next, there are two crucial terms t
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Finding the Correct CT Table Typica
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and resulting disinfection inactiva
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plant maintains a chloraminated res
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5. A conventional water treatment p
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7. A direct filtration plant is ope
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4. A conventional water treatment p
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6. A direct filtration water treatm
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UNIT 8 8.1 PRESSURE Pressure is the
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From this example, it is clear that
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5. Two houses are served by a nearb
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8.2 HEAD LOSS As water travels thro
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Friction will need to be added at t
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3. A well located at 200 feet above
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UNIT 9 9.1 WELL YIELD, SPECIFIC CAP
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Cone of Depression The triangular s
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Practice Problems 9.1 1. A well has
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7. A well has a specific capacity o
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4. A well has an hour meter attache
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UNIT 10 10.1 HORSEPOWER AND EFFICIE
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The above equation is used to calcu
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Practice Problems 10.1 1. What is t
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Exercise 10.1 Calculate the require
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10.2 HEAD LOSS AND HORSEPOWER As di
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Practice Problems 10.2 1. A well is
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Exercise 10.2 Calculate the followi
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10.3 CALCULATING POWER COSTS It is
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93.25 kW $ 0.088 8.33 hr $ 68.35
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Practice Problems 10.3 1. A well fl
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4. A well draws water from an aquif
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7. Complete the table below based o
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Exercise 10.3 Solve the following p
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4. A well draws water from an aquif
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7. Complete the table below based o
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UNIT 11 11.1 PER CAPITA WATER USE A
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That’s a lot of gallons. This is
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Green Building Code) has resulted i
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Practice Problems 11.1 1. What is t
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7. A water district has a goal of 1
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4. How much water would a family of
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UNIT 12 12.1 BLENDING AND DILUTING
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To determine the percentage of Sour
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Practice Problems 12.1 1. A well ha
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5. Two wells need to achieve a dail
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3. A well with a PCE level of 7.5 u
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UNIT 13 13.1 SCADA AND THE USE OF M
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ottom to what is referred to as the
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mA (reading) - mA (offset) = percen
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Page 263 and 264: 4. A water tank is 45 ft tall and h
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Page 267 and 268: mean extra funds to pay for securit
Page 269 and 270: Per the table, the total annual bud
Page 271 and 272: Pumps and Motors: $72,000 x% $6,2
Page 273 and 274: Variable Costs Reason 273 | A dvanc
Page 275 and 276: Practice Problems 14.1 1. A utility
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Page 279 and 280: 7. A small water company has a tota
Page 281 and 282: 2. A pump that has been in operatio
Page 283 and 284: 5. A 250 hp well operates 9 hours a
Page 285 and 286: PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Practice
Page 287 and 288: 3.1 cf 3,600 sec 10 hr 7.48 gal 30
Page 289 and 290: 1,346,400 gal 1 AF 365 day day 3
Page 291 and 292: Practice Problems 2.1 1. What is th
Page 295 and 296: Practice Problems 2.3 1. A water ut
Page 297 and 298: 3 22 ft 217,800.13 ft = depth ft
Page 299 and 300: Q (cfs) 3.18 cfs A (ft ) = = = 1.17
Page 301 and 302: 5. The specific gravity of 25% Alum
Page 303 and 304: To convert ppb to ppm, you divide p
Page 305 and 306: Practice Problems 3.3 1. How many g
Page 307 and 308: Practice Problems 4.1 1. How many g
Page 309: 6.35 MG 8.34 lbs 2,914.5 lbs ppm
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Page 315 and 316: Weir Length (ft) = 4,791.67 gpm 41
Page 317 and 318: quality objectives of a certain tre
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Page 321 and 322: 8. A circular clarifier processes 9
Page 323 and 324: 4. A water treatment plant processe
Page 325 and 326: 4,700,000 gal 1 day ? min = 1,554.
Page 327 and 328: 4. A conventional water treatment p
Page 329 and 330: Now look at Table C-7 Inactivation
Page 331 and 332: 500 mg/L min CT is required. Locati
Page 333 and 334: Location and Type of Disinfection T
Page 337 and 338: 2 2 D = 0.33121019 ft 12 in D = 0.5
Page 339 and 340: 5. A water utility has two differen
Page 341 and 342: gpm Specific Capacity = ft 717.5 gp
Page 343 and 344: Practice Problems 10.1 1. What is t
Page 345 and 346: 3. A well with pumps located 46 ft
Page 347 and 348: (630 gpm)(130 ft) 65 hp = (3,960)(?
Page 349 and 350: electrical rate of $0.111 per kW-Hr
Page 351 and 352: (flow rate in gallons per minute)(t
Page 353 and 354: 2 flushes per family member 6 famil
Page 355 and 356: Practice Problems 12.1 1. A well ha
Page 357 and 358: -137.5 mg/L ? mg/L = = 275 mg/L - (
Page 359 and 360: Practice Problems 13.1 1. A 4-20 mA
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7. A water utility uses a 4-20 mA s
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NEW PUMP: (450 gpm)(65 ft) Motor hp
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Total operational cost per year. $2
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CT TABLES APPENDIX 367 | A dvanced
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