Woolfian Boundaries - Clemson University

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14 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Nadel, Ira Bruce. Biography: Fiction, Fact and Form. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984. Naremore, James. Th e World Without a Self: Virginia Woolf and the Novel. New Haven: Yale UP, 1973. Woolf, Virginia. “Th e Art of Biography.” 1939. Collected Essays. Vol. 4. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1967. 221-28. ——. Th e Diary Of Virginia Woolf. Ed. Anne Olivier Bell with Andrew McNeillie. Vol. 3. London: Hogarth, 1980. ——. Th e Diary Of Virginia Woolf. Ed. Anne Olivier Bell with Andrew McNeillie. Vol. 5. San Diego: Harvest, 1985. ——. “How Should One Read a Book?” 1926. Th e Common Reader, Second Series. Ed. Andrew McNeillie. London: Vintage, 2003. 258-71. ——. Th e Letters Of Virginia Woolf. Ed. Nigel Nicolson and Joanne Trautmann. Vol. 3. London: Hogarth, 1977. ——. “Th e New Biography.” 1927. Collected Essays. Vol. 4. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1967. 229-35. ——. Orlando: A Biography. 1928. Ed. Rachel Bowlby. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998. ——. Orlando: Th e Original Holograph Draft. Ed. Stuart Nelson Clarke. London: S N Clarke, 1993. ——. Th e Waves. 1931. Ed. Kate Flint. London: Penguin, 1992.
BROWN-NESS, TREES, ROSE PETALS, AND CHRYSALISES: THE INFLUENCE OF EDWARD CARPENTER’S MYSTICAL EVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM ON THE WRITING OF VIRGINIA WOOLF, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE YEARS by Deborah Gerrard We may imagine Mrs. Brown in the middle of Oxford Street. ’Buses and cabs are running in diff erent directions, carts and drays are rattling on all sides of her. Th is is her environment, and she has to adapt herself to it. She has to learn the laws of the vehicles and their movements, to stand on this side or that, to run here and stop there, conceivably to jump into one…and so get carried to her destination as comfortably as may be. A long course of this sort of thing “adapts” Mrs. Brown considerably…. But Mrs. Brown has a destination.… Th e question is, “What is the destination of Man?” (Carpenter, Civilisation 138-39) The above passage is neither a Woolf pastiche nor a lost draft of “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown”; in fact it was written by Edward Carpenter over thirty years earlier in an essay entitled “A Science of the Future.” In that essay and its antecedent, “Modern Science: A Criticism,” Edward Carpenter had addressed issues very similar to those addressed by Woolf in her more famous essay and in very similar terms. Taking as his target not the Georgian novelist but the late-Victorian scientifi c materialist, Carpenter had argued that the goal of human progress should be not material but spiritual, and that the scientist of the future should, therefore, study not man’s body but his soul. Attacking not literary but scientifi c methods, Carpenter had argued (using a rather familiar image) that under the current regime “we see only the skirts of her [Truth’s] garments” (Civilisation 96). What was needed, he continued, was “a…psychologic Truth—an understanding of what man is” that would only be arrived at by “the deepening back of consciousness itself” (Civilisation 129, 137). Th e parallels between Carpenter’s paired essays and Woolf’s “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown” are only one example of an infl uence that pervades the whole of Woolf’s work, casting light on its mysticism and on its social vision. Reading Woolf through Carpenter helps to illuminate such mysterious moments as the ancient woman singing by the Tube in Mrs. Dalloway; the collocation of moth-hunt and falling tree in Jacob’s Room and “Reading”; and the haunting image of “many mothers and before them many mothers” rising out of and sinking back into the sea in the fi rst draft of Th e Waves (7). And yet Woolf never mentions Carpenter’s name in relation to her writing. What, one wonders, could be the reason behind such a signifi cant erasure? One explanation would seem to lie in the rationalism and philosophic materialism that had been so defi ning a characteristic of Woolf’s parents and that was also the predominant outlook within Bloomsbury itself. A romantic socialist and a mystic, Carpenter analysed late-Victorian and Edwardian society from a visionary perspective that drew on such anti-rational sources as Shelley, Whitman, Schopenhauer, Th eosophy, and Hindu mysticism. His world-view could not have been
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Page 6 and 7: Foreword by Ruth Gruber On October
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64 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Caroline Ste
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66 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES of “expert
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68 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES of merging a
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70 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES But the triu
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REAL BODIES AND THE PSYCHOLOGY OF C
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74 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES of culture a
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76 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES a certain eg
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78 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES advantages o
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WOOLF, ROOKS, AND RURAL ENGLAND by
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82 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES G. K. Yeates
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84 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES At another t
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WOOLF AND THE OTHERS AT THE ZOO by
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88 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES his gaze a s
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90 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES bankruptcy o
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94 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES of pesticide
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96 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Taxonomy in
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98 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Th e name of
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“CE CHIEN EST À MOI”: VIRGINIA
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102 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES a statement
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104 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES pery: “An
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106 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Woolf’s c
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VIRGINIA WOOLF, ECOFEMINISM, AND BR
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112 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES winters’
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WOOLF’S TRANSFORMATION OF PROVIDE
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118 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES appropriati
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120 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES in her visi
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122 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES word that d
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124 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES and Lewis
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126 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Works Cited
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128 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES black bars
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130 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES leap from t
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132 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES of Harriet
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134 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Mrs. Grundy
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136 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Alternative
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PERFORMING THE SELF: WOOLF AS ACTRE
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140 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES In the proc
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142 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES would be on
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“WHOSE FACE WAS IT?”: NICOLE KI
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146 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES for a full
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148 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES skin, and s
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“MEMORY HOLES” OR “HETEROTOPI
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152 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES fi rstly th
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154 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES shaped by a
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158 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES directions,
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160 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES language, t
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162 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES work of art
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“THE EVENING UNDER LAMPLIGHT…WI
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166 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES a model for
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168 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Humm’s re
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170 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Figure 6: T
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Afterword INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE CO
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174 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES ing before
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176 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES open future
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178 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES makes this
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180 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Notes 1. Fo
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182 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES on politica
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184 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Woolf’s c
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186 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES net and Sep
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188 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Friday, Jun
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190 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Chair: Magg
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192 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Stephen Bar
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194 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES Th aine Ste
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