Woolfian Boundaries - Clemson University
Woolfian Boundaries - Clemson University Woolfian Boundaries - Clemson University
142 WOOLFIAN BOUNDARIES would be on her knees—the Duke had died tragically at Woburn; Mrs Dolmetsch would be telling how she had found her husband in bed with the parlour-maid. (MOB 142) In contrast, Bloomsbury, Monk’s House, and Charleston became associated with pastoral and Shakespearian comedies, to Vanessa Bell she writes: Nessa will come across with holes in her stockings—Quentin will come across with a hole in his trousers. I shall think, “How Shakespeare would have loved us!” for this sort of thing, the gramophone playing Mozart, the stars, the heat, the combination of shabbiness and splendour. (L3 416) Th e tragic mode was reserved for Woolf’s darker wishes. To Edward Sackville-West, she writes: “your aunt’s behaviour could only be tolerated in an Elizabethan play. Th at she may take a dagger to her own throat or drink broken glass is rather my hope, I admit” (L3 458). As usual, Woolf is not content to follow the formula of each genre to the letter. Th us, the melodrama at Hyde Park Gate is both amusing and revolting; the comedy of manners is funny, but stifl ing; the Charleston and servant farces are witty, but irritating; the tragedies are terrible, yet delightful. Woolf enjoys her vantage point in the audience at these dramas and often takes a comically obscene delight in the unfolding action: Bloomsbury is ringing with two great excitements: 1: Julian Morrell is engaged to a son of old Vinogradov: 2: Miss Bulley—the stormy petrel of revolution—is engaged to her Cousin Armitage. You will be delighted to hear that Ottoline and Philip are behaving scandalously…dislike the young man who is penniless; and ignore the whole aff air. Julian is behaving with great spirit, and it is said that Garsington presents a scene of unparalleled horror. Needless to say, I am going to stay there. (L3 269) However, Woolf’s position as audience member was perfected under duress. Her memories of George Duckworth’s socializing when Woolf was in her teens left her feeling as a tramp or gypsy must feel who stands at the fl ap of a tent and sees the circus going on inside. Victorian society was in full swing; George was the acrobat who jumped through hoops, and Vanessa and I beheld the spectacle. We had good seats at the show, but we were not allowed to take part in it. We applauded, we obeyed—that was all. (MOB 132) However, the ability to observe serves a vital function in terms of her literature when an event is translated from fi rst-hand experience to diary entry, to acquaintance via letter, to public via novel. Woolf was as dependent on observation as she was on participation for the creation of her lived reality. Reading Woolf’s life through the framework of theatre presents a writer who was keenly aware of life’s dramatic dimensions and of the self as performance; “a life-actor in
Performing the Self 143 and for the world…experienc[ing] herself via the ‘audience’’s experience of her” (Wilshire 203). Clive Bell recalls this ability to amplify reality: “Such was the spell she threw, such the cogency of her imagination, that many a time poor Lady X found herself, not only playing up to the role assigned to her, but positively accepting Virginia in the role she had allotted to herself” (Noble 70-71). Nevertheless, Woolf’s dramatisation of the self was neither fake nor false, it was an element of her personality which served a practical function: it allowed her to create a more vivid lived and written world. Notes 1. In the fi nal chapter of Orlando the eponymous hero/ine calls out repeatedly for one of his/her alternative selves: Th en she called hesitatingly, as if the person she wanted might not be there, “Orlando?” For if there are (at a venture) seventy-six diff erent times all ticking in the mind at once, how many diff erent people are there not—Heaven help us—all having lodgment at one time or another in the human spirit? Some say two thousand and fi fty-two. So that it is the most usual thing in the world for a person to say, directly they are alone, Orlando? (if that is one’s name) meaning by that, Come, come! I’m sick to death of this particular self. I want another. Hence, the astonishing changes we see in our friends. (O 212) 2. Th ese panels are currently hanging in the Archive Room at King’s College, Cambridge. 3. Vanessa Bell, Duncan Grant, and Roger Fry, between them, painted scenery for Twelfth Night (1914), Pelléas et Mélisande (1918), High Yellow (1932), Pomona (1933), Fête Galante (1934), Le Lac des Cygnes (1932), and Th e Enchanted Grove (1932). 4. Th e Play Reading Society was formed in December 1907 by Clive Bell and originally consisted of Vanessa Bell, Virginia Stephen, Adrian Stephen, Lytton Strachey, Saxon Sydney-Turner, and Clive Bell. Works Cited Cohen, Ralph, ed. Th e Future of Literary Th eory. London: Routledge, 1989. Dobson, Julia. Hélène Cixous and the Th eatre: Th e Scene of Writing. Bern: P. Lang, 2002. Heilbrun, Carolyn G. Reinventing Womanhood. London: Norton, 1993. Noble, Joan Russell, ed. Recollections of Virginia Woolf. London: Peter Owen, 1972. Reed, Christopher. Bloomsbury Rooms: Modernism, Subculture, and Domesticity. New York: Yale UP, 2004. Schechner, Richard. Performance Th eory. London: Routledge, 2003. Stape, J. H., ed. Virginia Woolf: Interviews and Recollections. London: Macmillan, 1995. Wilshire, Bruce. Role Playing and Identity. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1982. Woolf, Virginia. Th e Common Reader. Ed. Andrew McNeillie. Vols. 1 and 2. London: Vintage, 2003. ——. Th e Death of the Moth and Other Essays. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1970. ——. Th e Diary of Virginia Woolf. Ed. Anne Olivier Bell with Andrew McNeillie. 5 vols. London: Hogarth, 1977-1984. ——. Th e Letters of Virginia Woolf. Ed. Nigel Nicholson and Joanne Trautmann. 6 vols. London: Hogarth, 1975-1980. ——. Moments of Being: Unpublished Autobiographical Writings. Ed. Jeanne Schulkind. London: Chatto and Windus for Sussex UP, 1976. ——. Orlando: A Biography. London: Penguin, 1993. ——. A Passionate Apprentice: Th e Early Journals 1897-1909. Ed. Mitchell A. Leaska. London: Hogarth, 1990.
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Performing the Self<br />
143<br />
and for the world…experienc[ing] herself via the ‘audience’’s experience of her” (Wilshire<br />
203). Clive Bell recalls this ability to amplify reality: “Such was the spell she threw, such<br />
the cogency of her imagination, that many a time poor Lady X found herself, not only<br />
playing up to the role assigned to her, but positively accepting Virginia in the role she had<br />
allotted to herself” (Noble 70-71). Nevertheless, Woolf’s dramatisation of the self was<br />
neither fake nor false, it was an element of her personality which served a practical function:<br />
it allowed her to create a more vivid lived and written world.<br />
Notes<br />
1. In the fi nal chapter of Orlando the eponymous hero/ine calls out repeatedly for one of his/her alternative<br />
selves:<br />
Th en she called hesitatingly, as if the person she wanted might not be there, “Orlando?” For if there<br />
are (at a venture) seventy-six diff erent times all ticking in the mind at once, how many diff erent<br />
people are there not—Heaven help us—all having lodgment at one time or another in the human<br />
spirit? Some say two thousand and fi fty-two. So that it is the most usual thing in the world for a<br />
person to say, directly they are alone, Orlando? (if that is one’s name) meaning by that, Come, come!<br />
I’m sick to death of this particular self. I want another. Hence, the astonishing changes we see in our<br />
friends. (O 212)<br />
2. Th ese panels are currently hanging in the Archive Room at King’s College, Cambridge.<br />
3. Vanessa Bell, Duncan Grant, and Roger Fry, between them, painted scenery for Twelfth Night (1914),<br />
Pelléas et Mélisande (1918), High Yellow (1932), Pomona (1933), Fête Galante (1934), Le Lac des Cygnes<br />
(1932), and Th e Enchanted Grove (1932).<br />
4. Th e Play Reading Society was formed in December 1907 by Clive Bell and originally consisted of Vanessa<br />
Bell, Virginia Stephen, Adrian Stephen, Lytton Strachey, Saxon Sydney-Turner, and Clive Bell.<br />
Works Cited<br />
Cohen, Ralph, ed. Th e Future of Literary Th eory. London: Routledge, 1989.<br />
Dobson, Julia. Hélène Cixous and the Th eatre: Th e Scene of Writing. Bern: P. Lang, 2002.<br />
Heilbrun, Carolyn G. Reinventing Womanhood. London: Norton, 1993.<br />
Noble, Joan Russell, ed. Recollections of Virginia Woolf. London: Peter Owen, 1972.<br />
Reed, Christopher. Bloomsbury Rooms: Modernism, Subculture, and Domesticity. New York: Yale UP, 2004.<br />
Schechner, Richard. Performance Th eory. London: Routledge, 2003.<br />
Stape, J. H., ed. Virginia Woolf: Interviews and Recollections. London: Macmillan, 1995.<br />
Wilshire, Bruce. Role Playing and Identity. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1982.<br />
Woolf, Virginia. Th e Common Reader. Ed. Andrew McNeillie. Vols. 1 and 2. London: Vintage, 2003.<br />
——. Th e Death of the Moth and Other Essays. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1970.<br />
——. Th e Diary of Virginia Woolf. Ed. Anne Olivier Bell with Andrew McNeillie. 5 vols. London: Hogarth,<br />
1977-1984.<br />
——. Th e Letters of Virginia Woolf. Ed. Nigel Nicholson and Joanne Trautmann. 6 vols. London: Hogarth,<br />
1975-1980.<br />
——. Moments of Being: Unpublished Autobiographical Writings. Ed. Jeanne Schulkind. London: Chatto and<br />
Windus for Sussex UP, 1976.<br />
——. Orlando: A Biography. London: Penguin, 1993.<br />
——. A Passionate Apprentice: Th e Early Journals 1897-1909. Ed. Mitchell A. Leaska. London: Hogarth, 1990.