Pheri Thames Kai Kinara: Koshi kai Samjhana
Poetry Book Poetry Book
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- Page 8 and 9: k|lti7fgsf ;flxlTos ultljlwx¿df kl
- Page 10 and 11: sljtf;ª\u|xsf nflu d slj jf;' zdf{
- Page 12 and 13: df5fsf] kf]:6df6]{d zLif{s sljtfdf
- Page 14 and 15: t/ ;2] 5' eG7fG5 cfkm"nfO{/dflQPsf]
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- Page 18 and 19: -@_k/} a;]/ slNkG5]lsgeg]p;nfO{ wd{
- Page 20 and 21: -@_20 | jf;' zdf{k5\ofpFb} d k'U5'
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- Page 24 and 25: jf;' zdf{sf] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\u[xLt
- Page 26 and 27: 26 | jf;' zdf{cfˆgf s'/fsljtf ;ª\
- Page 28 and 29: 28 | jf;' zdf{sljtfqmdqmd zLif{s k[
- Page 30 and 31: k]ml/ y]D;s} lsgf/f - sf]zLs} ;Demg
- Page 32 and 33: dfl/of Hj/f] cfP/ lj/fdL x'Fbfp;nfO
- Page 34 and 35: 34 | jf;' zdf{a'l‰bg dcfuf]df kfg
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- Page 38 and 39: 5d5d gflr/x]sf] k|tLt x'G5/, lg/Gt/
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- Page 50 and 51: ;"o{ / rGb| g} emnf{ h:tf] 53'Dg] d
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ISBN - 9789937933674
Title - Pheri Thames Kai Kinara - Koshikai Samjhana
o; k':tssf] c+z jf ;Dk"0f{ kf7 n]vssf] cg'dlt ljgf
s'g} klg dfWodåf/f k'g?Tkfbg jf k|;f/0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 5
;dk{0f
si6s/ hLjgaf6 d'lStsf] ;kgf b]Vb}
kl/jt{gsf] cfz ul//x]sf ;Dk"0f{ b]zaf;Lx¿
k|lt
;dlk{t
6 | jf;' zdf{
jf;' zdf{sf] sljTj
k|f=8f= vu]Gb|k|;fb n'O6]n
@)!^ ;fn dª\l;/ @( ut] k"jL{ g]kfnsf] kxf8L lhNnf
;ª\v'jf;efsf] r}gk'/df lktf b'uf{k|;fb Gof}kfg] tyf dftf xl/lk|of
Gof}kfg]sf] ;'k'qsf ¿kdf hlGdPsf jf;' zdf{ Gof}kfg] Pd=P=,
la=Pn=, la=P8=, l8=lk=P= ;Ddsf] lzIff cfh{g u/]sf pRrlzlIft
JolSt x'g\ . @)^# ;fndf a]nfotlt/ k|jfl;Psf logL xfn
;kl/jf/ a]nfotsf] j]ln+u, s]G6df a;f]af; u5{g\ .
;fg}b]lv ;flxTodf ljz]if ?lr /fVg] jf;' zdf{ ljBfnodf
lgoldt ¿kn] x'g] u/]sf ;flxlTos uf]i7Lx¿ tyf @)#@–@)#$
;fndf SofDk; :t/Lo ;flxlTos uf]i7Lx¿df klg k6sk6s
;xefuL ePsf] hfgsf/L kfOG5 . logn] @)#$–@)#^ ;fndf
lzIf0f k];fdf /xFbf ljBfyL{x¿sf lglDt lgoldt ;flxTo
uf]i7Lx¿sf] cfof]hgf / ;~rfng u/]sf] a'lemG5 . logL @)#%–
@)#^ sf] hgcfGbf]ngsf a]nf x'g]u/]sf ;8s sljtf qmflGtsf
ljljw ultljlwdf klg ;xefuL ePsf] / o;s} k|efjaf6 sljtf
l;h{gftkm{ pGd'v ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L ljBfno hLjgb]lv g}
ljleGg ;flxlTos uf]i7Lx¿df ;xefuL x'Fb}hfFbf ;flxTotkm{ k|j[Q
ePsf jf;' zdf{sf] ;flxToofqfsf] k|f/De sf7df8f}+af6 5flkg]
5x/f ;fKtflxs klqsfdf @)#& ;fndf k|sflzt …ljb|f]xsf] d':nf]
lgl:s/x]5Ú zLif{s sljtfaf6 ePsf] xf] .
jf;' zdf{ sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht ;flxTo ;GWofsf
sfo{qmdx¿df @)#*÷@)#( ;fnb]lv g} ;lqmo ¿kdf ;xefuL
ePsf] a'lemG5 . @)#&–@)$@ df la= sf}l8Gosf] gfdaf6 ljleGg
;fKtflxs klqsfx¿df sljtf tyf ;fdlos n]vx¿ lgoldt
k|sflzt ePsf] b]lvG5 . logL @)%)–@)%! ;'gsf];L ;flxTo
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 7
k|lti7fgsf ;flxlTos ultljlwx¿df klg ;xefuL ePsf] kfOG5 .
g]kfndf /xFbf logL jfd /fhg}lts ultljlwdf klg ;+nUg /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . g]kfndf /xFbf oL ljljw ;flxlTos Pj+ /fhg}lts
ultljlwx¿df ;+nUg /x]sf zdf{sf lgDglnlvt s[lt k|sflzt
b]lvG5g\ M
ljZjf;df b[9 M ;ª\3if{df c6n -@)#&, cg'jfb_
slnnf] 3fd -@)$#, afnsljtf_
pHofnf] x'g'cl3 -@)$&, gf6s_ -k|1f ejgsf] /Ëd~rdf dl~rt_
/utsf] d"No -@)%!, sljtf_ -aL= sf}l8Gosf] gfdaf6 k|sflzt_
@)^# -;g\ @))^_ ;fndf a]nfot uPkl5 klg jf;' zdf{n]
;flxlTos ultljlwnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] b]lvG5 . a]nfot
k|jf;kl5 a]nfotsf] g]kfnLkq ;fKtflxsdf ;g\ @))& df
k|sflzt …y]D;sf] lsgf/fdf sf];Lsf] ;D´gfÚ jf;' zdf{sf] klxnf]
sljtf xf] . logL cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh a]nfot
RofK6/åf/f cfof]lht ljleGg ;flxlTos sfo{qmdx¿df ;g\ @)!)
b]lv xfn;Dd lg/Gt/ ;xefuL x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . ;g\ @)!^ b]lv
jftfj/0f ;flxTo ;~hfndf cfa4 eO{ xfn;Dd lg/Gt/ ¿kdf
jftfj/0f ;flxTo cleofgdf lqmofzLn /x]sf zdf{ g]kfnL ;flxTo
ljsf; kl/ifb\ o's]sf] ;flxlTos sfo{qmdx¿df klg ;lqmo
;xeflutf hgfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . ;g\ @)!^ df logs} kl/sNkgf
/ ;+of]hgdf g]kfnL ;|i6fx¿sf] lgoldt dfl;s e]63f6 ;d"x
;flxTo rf}tf/L o's]sf] :yfkgf u/L xfn;Dd lg/Gt/ ¿kdf
;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . logn] g]kfn–a]nfot bf}To ;DaGwsf]
låztjflif{sLsf cj;/df g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; a]nfotåf/f ;g\
@)!& dfr{ !& df cfof]lht g]kfnL ;flxTo dxf]T;jdf a]nfotdf
g]kfnL ;flxTo M ljut, jt{dfg / eljio zLif{sdf sfo{kq k|:t't
u/]sf] klg b]lvG5 . o;/L a]nfot k|jf;kl5 klg ;flxlTos
ultljlwnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf jf;' zdf{sf lgDglnlvt s[lt
k|sflzt 5g\ M
8 | jf;' zdf{
y]D;sf] lsgf/fdf sf];Lsf] ;Demgf -@)&!, sljtf_
;Gbe{ / cg'e"ltx¿ -@)&@, k|aGw_
kf]lvof] dg 5tf5'Nn -@)&^, uhn_
:jfledfg b'Vb}5 ce}m -@)&&, d'Sts_
pko'{St s[ltafx]s jf;' zdf{sf s]xL s[lt k|sfzf]Gd'v /x]sf]
klg hfgsf/L kfOG5 .
plNnlvt y'k|} s[ltsf ;|i6f jf;' zdf{af/] slj jf;' zdf{
-Gof}kfg]_ sf] hLjgL, JolStTj / s[ltTjsf] cWoog, ljZn]if0f /
d"NofÍg -@)&#_ zLif{sdf lqlj, d]rL ax'd'vL SofDk;af6
:gftsf]Q/ :t/Lo zf]wsfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . logn] xfn;Dd
lgDglnlvt ;Ddfg tyf kbs k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ M
• …b]zk|]dL ljlzi6 JolStTjÚ clÍt kbs / k|df0fkq;lxt
;flxTotk{msf] ljZj kl/qmdf ljlzi6 gful/s ;Ddfg -;g\ @)!&_
• g]kfnL ;flxTo ljsf; kl/ifb\ o's]sf] /htdxf]T;jsf cj;/df
;flxTo ;Ddfg /ht jif{ clegGbgkq tyf kbsåf/f ;Ddflgt
-;g\ @)@)_
jf;' zdf{;Fu d]/f] k|ToIf lrghfg xfn;fn} dfq er'{cn
a}7ssf dfWodaf6 ePsf] xf] . logL g]kfndf x'Fbf vf;} lrghfg
ePg t/ la= sf}l8Gosf] gfdaf6 k|sflzt n]v eg] a]nfavt
kl9Psf] eP klg log} la= sf}l8Go g} jf;' zdf{ x'g\ eGg] s'/f
xfn;fn} dfq yfxf ePsf] xf] . 8fo:kf]/fsf g]kfnL ;flxTosf]
Oltxf;n]vgsf nflu ;fdu|L ;ª\sngsf qmddf er'{cn a}7ssf
dfWodaf6 lrghfg ePsf zdf{;Fu 5f]6f] ;dod} lxdlrd a9\b}
uof] . o;} qmddf pgn] k]ml/ y]D;s} lsgf/f–sf];Ls} ;Demgf
zLif{s sljtf;ª\u|xsf] e"ldsf n]Vgfsf nflu cfu|x u/] . sf]/f]gf
;ª\qmd0fsf sf/0f ljZj g} k|lts"n cj:yfdf /x]sf] eP klg d}n]
pgsf] cfu|xnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg . o; ;Gbe{df logsf] @)&!
;fndf k|sflzt y]D;sf] lsgf/fdf sf];Lsf] ;Demgf zLif{s
sljtf;ª\u|xsf] z[ª\vnfsf ¿kdf k|sflzt x'g nfu]sf] k|:t't
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 9
sljtf;ª\u|xsf nflu d slj jf;' zdf{nfO{ xflb{s awfO1fkg
ub{5' .
jf;' zdf{sf] o; ;ª\u|xdf k|uLtfTds ;+/rgfdf cfa4
k}+tL;j6f sljtf ;ª\slnt 5g\ . o;df ;ª\slnt s]xL sljtf
;+jfbfTds 9fFrfaf6 k|:t't ul/Psf sf/0f ltgdf gf6sLo
;+/rgfsf] emNsf] kfOP klg tL gf6sLo ;+/rgfsf geO{
k|uLtfTds ;+/rgfs} x'g\ . k]ml/ y]D;s} lsgf/f–sf];Ls} ;Demgf
zLif{s sljtfaf6 k|f/De eO{ dnfO{ l;ª\uf] b]z b]pm zLif{s
sljtfdf cGTo ePsf] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\slnt ;a} sljtf
d'Qm5Gbdf ;+/lrt 5g\ .
jf;' zdf{sf] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\slnt klxnf] sljtf k]ml/
y]D;s} lsgf/f–sf];Ls} ;Demgf zLif{s sljtfdf leGg ;f+:s[lts
kl/j]zdf hlGdP/ x'ls{Fb} u/]sf a]nfotsL dfl/of / g]kfnsL blnt
aflnsf dL/f b'O{ aflnsfsf dfWodaf6 dfgjLo / ;f+:s[lts
lje]bsf] hLjGt lrq k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . dfgjLo ;DaGw, dfof,
k|]d, jfT;No / cfˆgf]kgnfO{ ;+:s[ltsf ¿kdf lrlqt o;
sljtfdf lrlqt dL/fsf kL8f a9L ;+j]bgzLn, ;zQm / dfld{s
5g\ .
jf;' zdf{sf] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\slnt a'l‰bg d zLif{s
sljtfdf dfgjLo ;+j]bgxLgtf / ul/aLsf] dfld{s lrq0f kfOG5
eg] :vlnt ljrf/x¿ zLif{s sljtfdf o'uLg /fli6«o ljs[lt Pj+
lj;ª\ultk|lt Joª\Uo / cfqmf]z kfOG5 . bDesf] lsNnfdf pleP/
zLif{s sljtfdf ;ª\sNk k"/f gul/Psfdf cfqmf]z JoQm ul/Psf]
5 eg] cfpm lk|o Û xfdL ;dosf] s'/f u/f}+ zLif{s sljtfdf
;kgf;d]t k|ltalGwt ePsfdf Joª\Uo k|xf/ ul/Psf] 5 . ha
;Eotf ldlrG5 zLif{s sljtfdf o'uLg c:tJo:ttf / cJoj:yf
lrlqt 5 eg] cfFvfel/ k|Zgx¿ u|fdL0f / ;xl/of kl/j]z lrlqt
5 . ;"o{ / rGb| g} emnf{h:tf] 5 zLif{s sljtfdf ;ª\s6u|:t
/fli6«o cl:dtfk|lt lrGtf JoSt ul/Psf] 5 eg] klxrfgsf] rf/
10 | jf;' zdf{
lsNnf zLif{s sljtfdf g]kfnsf ljljw hfthfltdf klxrfgsf]
;ª\s6 /x]sf] efjfleJolQm ul/Psf] 5 .
;Fu} AoF'e]msf dgx¿ zLif{s sljtfdf elthnfO{ ;Daf]wg
u/L cfk|jf;L r]tgfsf ;fy b]zk|ltsf] c6'6 k|]d, ljv08gk|lt
lrGtf / cfqmf]z kfOG5 eg] 56k6fO/x]sf dgx¿ zLif{s sljtfdf
elthnfO{ g} ;Daf]wg u/L hgtfsf] ul/aL / kL8f tyf zf;ssf
pGdfbsf] lrq0f kfOG5 . ;do ;fIfL 5 zLif{s sljtfdf cfuf] /
kfgLsf] åGåfTds kl/l:yltsf] lrq0f 5 eg] a; ltd|f] nflu zLif{s
sljtfdf zflGt, ;b\efj / k|]dsf] cfjZostfaf]w b;f{OPsf] 5 .
;dosf kmf]sfx¿ zLif{s sljtfdf cfk"mn] ;donfO{ xfFs]sf]
/ lht]sf] eG7fGg] dfG5] ;dosf ;fd' lg/Lx /x]sf] oyfy{sf] lrq0f
ul/Psf] 5 eg] hjfkm 5 ls s;};Fu < zLif{s sljtfdf gflt /
xh'/cfdfsf] ;+jfbsf dfWodaf6 ;+jfbfTds 9fFrfdf k|fs[lts
;Dkbfsf] x|f;sf] lrq0f, ljiffQm ljsL/0fn] c:tJo:t /x]sf] cj:yf
j0f{g, wtL{ ;vfk x'g] xf] ls eGg] lrGtf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . d]/f]
sljtf d"R5f{ k¥of] zLif{s sljtfdf czfGt / eofjx kl/j]z
lrlqt 5 eg] anfTs[t zAbx¿ zLif{s sljtfdf a9\bf]
cdfgjLotfsf] lrlqt 5 .
b'O{ o'usf b'O{ kfqx¿ zLif{s sljtfdf 8fogf];f]/ o'u /
dfG5] o'usf] j0f{g ub{} ljj]sxLgtfsf sf/0f dfgj cl:dtf
;ª\s6u|:t aGgk'u]sf] efjfleJolQm kfOG5 eg] cfhsf] ;fFem
SofS6;sf] dfem zLif{s sljtfdf o'4 ljlelifsfsf] lrq0f kfOG5 .
Ps e'mNsf] 3fd / /fdljnf; zLif{s sljtfdf ul/aL, /f]u, ef]s,
zf]s / kL8fsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 eg] slj, skmL / kfgLsf
kfOnfx¿ zLif{s sljtfdf lau|Fbf] jftfj/0f lrlqt 5 . sˆo{"
nfu]sf] ;8sdf ;kgfx¿sf] h'n'; zLif{s sljtfdf ljZjf;sf
;fy clu a9]sf ;kgfsf] j0f{g tyf nfh gefsf] l5d]sL zLif{s
sljtfdf l5d]sLsf b'Joj{xf/k|lt cfqmf]z cleJol~ht 5 .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 11
df5fsf] kf]:6df6]{d zLif{s sljtfdf jftfj/0f ljgfzsf]
lrq0f tyf d':sfpg] axfgf lbG5' d zLif{s sljtfdf dfgjLo
k|]dsf] ememNsf] kfOG5 . o:t} kf] xf] ls lhGbuL < ljljwtfo'Qm
lhGbuLsf] lrq0f tyf af6f] la/fPsf] af6f] zLif{s sljtfdf
k|s[ltsf] dfgjLs/0fsf ;fy k|s[lt, jftfj/0fsf] lrq0f pbf= /x]sf]
5 . cr]n ;flxTo la/fgf] eP5 zLif{s sljtfdf df}lns afhf
cflbsf dfWodaf6 u|fdL0f ememNsf] k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 eg] d[To'sf
kfOnfx¿ zLif{s sljtfdf cfzfjfbL :j/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
s;nfO{ wGojfb lbpFm < zLif{s sljtfdf jt{dfg sf]/f]gf k|;ª\usf]
rrf{ ub{} clxn] kof{j/0f ;kmf ePsf] dfG5]af6 ls sf]/f]gfaf6
eGg] ;Gb]x JoQm pbf= ul/Psf] kfOG5 eg] åGå/t k/fhox¿
zLif{s sljtfdf hok/fhosf] dfld{s lrq0f kfOG5 . dhf
cfpg'sf] dhf zLif{s sljtfdf ljljwtfo'St dfgjLo :jefjsf]
rl/qlrq0f pbf 5 eg] dgsf] /fhf clb|t zLif{s sljtfdf gflt
hGdFbfsf] lghL ;'vb cg'e"lt / jfT;Nok|]dsf] k|:t'lt 5 . ;nfd
ug{ dfGb}g dg zLif{s sljtfdf dft[k|]d, lubf{] dfgjLo Jojxf/sf]
lrq0f, ljut / jt{dfgsf] kfy{So j0f{g kfOG5 eg] dnfO{ l;Ëf]
b]z b]pm zLif{s sljtfdf b]zk|]d, ctLtsf] ;'Gb/ :d/0f, ljå]if /
snx geO{ zflGtsf] rfxgfsf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 .
jf;' zdf{sf] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\slnt ;"o{ / rG› g}
emnf{h:tf] 5, dnfO{ l;ª\uf] b]z b]pm, a'l‰bg d, nfh gefsf]
l5d]sL h:tf sljtfdf b]zk|]dsf] efjfleJolSt kfOG5 . oL
sljtfdf k/b]zaf6 :jb]zsf] :d/0f tyf :jb]zdf JofKt
a]lyltk|lt cfqmf]z / kL8fsf] cleJolSt klg kfOG5 . o;;DaGwL
s]xL pbfx/0f tn lbOG5 M
-!_ b'O{ rf/ ;k"t d/]/ guP
b]z aGb}g eGYof}
ldld{/]df b'O{ rf/ tf/f em/]/ guP
laxfgL x'Fb}g eGYof}
12 | jf;' zdf{
-@_
t/ b]Vb}5f} e"lk <
b'O{ rf/ ;k"tsf] t s] s'/f ef] /<
xhf/f}+ ;Gtltsf] alnbfg eP klg
b]z emg\emg\ cf]/fnf] emnf{ h:tf] 5
b'O{ rf/ tf/fsf] t s] s'/f ef] /<
laxfgLsf] cfef kf]lvg gkfpFb} wtL{df
g]kfnL cfsfzaf6
;"o{ / rG› g} emnf{h:tf] 5 .
-;"o{ / rG› g} emnf{h:tf] 5, k[= $(_
c~h'nLdf p3fP/ lkPsf] kfgL
kft km's]/ xfSkf/] ufPsf] afgL
d]/f] cfˆgf] xf] cFufNg rfxG5'
r'r'/fdf ufpg] 8fFkm]sf] uLt
kmfF6df gfRg] do"/sf] gfr
h'uh'u cld6 ;FufNg rfxG5'
d 8fFkm]sf] efsfdf ufpg] dfG5]
do"/sf] gfrdf ;Fu} gfRg] dfG5]
dnfO{ 8fFkm]n] ufpg] r'r'/f b]pm
dnfO{ do"/n] gfRg] kmfF6 b]pm
-dnfO{ l;ª\uf] b]z b]pm, k[=!#$_
-#_ b]zsf] lrq aGws /fv]/
b]zsf] s'/f u5{g\
a'l‰bg d
df6f]sf] OHht n'6fP/
:jfledfgsf s'/f u5{g\
a'l‰bg d .
-a'l‰bg d, k[= ##_
-$_ cfˆgf l5d]sLsf] 3/df 9'Ëf klg xfG5 pm
kfunh:tf]
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 13
t/ ;2] 5' eG7fG5 cfkm"nfO{
/
dflQPsf] ;fF9] em}+
lagf sf/0f l;Fuf}/L v]N5
;fFwl;dfgf ldr]/ dhf lnG5
-nfh gefsf] l5d]sL, k[= (%_
slj jf;' zdf{sf] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\slnt ljleGg sljtf
kof{j/0fLo ljgfz;DaGwL efjdf s]lGb|t 5g\ . hjfkm 5 ls
s;};Fu <, b'O{ o'usf b'O{ kfqx¿, slj, skmL / kfgLsf kfOnfx¿,
df5fsf] kf]:6df6]{d, af6f] la/fPsf] af6f], s;nfO{ wGojfb lbpFm <
cflb sljtf o;sf pbfx/0f x'g\ . o; vfnsf sljtf l;h{gfsf
nflu a]nfotdf k|To]s jif{ dgfOg] jftfj/0f lbj;sf cj;/df
cfof]lht jftfj/0f ;flxTo uf]i7Ldf sljtf jfrg ug]{ kl/kf6Ln]
pTk|]l/t u/]sf] b]lvG5 . logn] oL sljtfdfkm{t kof{j/0fLo
ljgfzk|ltsf] lrGtf JoSt u/]sf 5g\ . o;;DaGwL s]xL pbfx/0f
tn lbOG5 M
-!_
14 | jf;' zdf{
plxn],
kfl/ xfd|f] kfTn] agdf
bfp/fsf] ef/L ldlnSs} k'UYof]
cr]n a'6\ofgsf h/f klg afFsL 5}gg\ c/]
s] u/L hf]8\bf x'g\ bfp/f klg
cd[t ;/L dL7f] kfgLsf] d'xfg xfd|f] Tof] kFw]/f]
;'s]/ lxnf] klgafFls5}g c/]
s] u/L ebf{ x'g\ kfgL klg .
-hjfkm 5 ls s;};Fu <, k[= ^&_
-@_ yfxf 5 slj tFnfO{ <
kof{j/0fLo uf]i7Lsf sfo{kqx¿
/, zf]w ul/Psf zf]wkqx¿
s'g} s'gfdf ;'S;'sfpFb} xf]nfg\
-#_
e"d08nsf] a9\bf] tfkqmd, /
df};d kl/jt{gsf kl/R5]bx¿
s'g} kfgfdf r'Sr'sfpFb} xf]nfg\
pk]lIft kfgLsf kfOnfx¿ ;Dem]/ .
-slj, skmL / kfgLsf kfOnfx¿, k[= **_
Pp6f a'9f] v/Lsf] ?v eg]
af6f] la/fPsf] af6f]sf
ltg} ofqLx¿sf] b'lg{oltnfO{
6'n'6'n' x]g{ ljjz 5
cfˆgf] hjfgLsf lbgx¿ ;lDem+b} .
-af6f] la/fPsf] af6f], k[= !)&_
-$_ cr]n
clnslt cfsfz v'nf ePsf] 5 /]
clnslt jfo' ;kmf ePsf] 5 /]
clnslt kfgL ;ª\nf] ePsf] 5 …/]
clnslt df6f] v';L ePsf] 5 …/]
s;nfO{ wGojfb lbpFm<
dfG5]nfO{ lbpFm
ls sf]/f]gfnfO{<
-s;nfO{ wGojfb lbpFm <, k[= !!*_
jf;' zdf{sf] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\slnt b'O{ o'usf b'O{ kfqx¿,
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf, ;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg, anfTs[t zAbx¿
h:tf ljleGg sljtfdf ;fj{hgLg dfgjLo ;+j]bgfsf ljljw
;Gbe{sf] sljtfTds k|:t'ltsf ;fy} r]tgzLn k|f0fL dflgPsf]
dfG5]sf v/fa j[lQsf] lrq0f klg kfOG5 . o;;DaGwL pbfx/0fsf
¿kdf tnsf sljtf+znfO{ lng ;lsG5 M
-!_
o; o'usf] ;a}eGbf pGgt kfq
Pp6f r]tgzLn hLj
p;sf] /fh 5 cfh wtL{df
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 15
-@_
16 | jf;' zdf{
k/Gt' ljj]sxLg eP/
cfˆg} cGTosyf n]Vb}5
cyf{t\ cfˆg} cGTosf] k6syf n]Vb}5 .
-b'O{ o'usf b'O{ kfqx¿,k[= &&_
Psy/L dfG5]x¿ 5g\ hf]
c¿nfO{ v;fpg kfP eg] /dfpF5g\
/, dhf lnG5g\
csf{y/L dfG5] klg 5g\ hf]
c¿nfO{ kmF;fpg kfpFbf a]xb} /dfpF5g\
/, dhf lnG5g\
sf]xL c¿nfO{ ysf{P/ dhf lnG5g\
sf]xL kmsfP/ dhf lnG5g\
-dhf cfpg'sf] dhf, k[= !@$_
-$_ cfdfsf] sfvdf a;]/
cfdfs} ckdfg ug]{nfO{
;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg
cfdfsf nfD6f lgvf/]/
cfdfs} rf]S6f n'5\g]nfO{
;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg .
± ± ±
zflGtsf] lau'n km's]/
a'4n] ofqf yfn]sf] cfFugdf
aa{/tfsf] cfjfh 3lGsg yfn]5
;b\efjsf] uLt ufP/
;Ltfn] lnkkf]t u/]sf] bnfgdf
p208tfsf] c§xf; ;'lgg yfn]5
lj8Dagf Û
km]l/ klg a'4s} ;fv eFhfpg 5f]8\b}g dfG5]
km]l/ klg ;Ltfs} wfs nufpg 5f]8\b}g dfG5]
k/Gt',
a'4sf] cfFugaf6 a'4s} ckx/0f ug{ vf]Hg]nfO{
;Ltfsf] bnfgdf ;Ltfs} rL/x/0f ug{ vf]Hg]nfO{
;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg .
-;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg, k[= !#!_
-%_ dfG5]sf] hft g xf], /dfPs} 5
anfTsf/L eP klg gfd sdfPs} 5
/,
lgMzAb anfTs[t zAbx¿
cy{xLg åGåx¿ hGdfO/x]5g\
nfrf/ kl/aGbx¿ hGdfO/x]5g\
lg/Lx ;do eg] 6'n'6'n' x]l//x]5 .
-anfTs[t zAbx¿, k[= &%_
slj jf;' zdf{sf] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\slnt k]ml/ y]D;s}
lsgf/f–sf];Ls} ;Demgf, ;Fu} Ao'Fem]sf dgx¿ h:tf sltko
sljtfdf cfk|jf;L r]tgfsf] hLjGt k|:t'lt kfOG5 . logdf tg
ptf / dg otf x'Fbfsf å}w dfgl;stfsf] lrq0f :jfefljs ¿kdf
ul/Psf] 5 . o;;DaGwL s]xL pbfx/0f tn lbOG5 M
-!_ of] caf]w aRrL dfl/ofh:t}
csL{ caf]w aRrL dL/f klg xf]
/, pm klg p:t} dfofn' 5]
p:t} 5'g'd'g' ub}{ jl/kl/ 3'D5]
ptf xfd|f] ufpFsL
t/, slyt blntsL aRrL
lar/L dL/f Û
g uP/ s;}nfO{ cª\sdfn ug{ ;S5]
g c¿ s;}sf] lgwf/df DjfO vfg ;S5]
g t cfˆgf] lgwf/ yfKg ;S5] dfofsf nflu
a;
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 17
-@_
k/} a;]/ slNkG5]
lsgeg]
p;nfO{ wd{n] 5]S5
lsgeg]
p;nfO{ hftn] /f]S5 .
± ± ±
otf y]D;sf] lsgf/fdf tg ple/x]sf] 5
ptf sf];Lsf] u9\lt/ lt/ dg 8'ln/x]sf] 5
dfl/ofx¿sf] afn;'ne r~rntfleq
of] dg dL/fx¿nfO{ vf]lh/x]sf] 5
d]rL / dxfsfnLsf] ;]/f]k]m/f] leq
± ± ±
dfl/of otf cfˆgf] b]zdf 5]
dL/f klg ptf cfˆg} b]zdf 5]
otf b]zn] dfl/ofx¿nfO{ ;'D;'DofO/x]sf] 5
ptf cfFugd} dL/fx¿sf] b]z v'lDr/x]sf] 5
otf klg ;/sf/ 5
ptf klg ;/sf/ 5
otf ;/sf/ dfl/ofx¿;Fu 8/fpF5
ptf dL/fx¿ ;/sf/;Fu 8/fpF5g\ .
-k]ml/ y]D;s} lsgf/f–sf]zLs} ;Demgf, k[= @(_
otf 6f9f k/b]zdf /x] klg elth Û
cfFvfx¿ bf}8fO/xG5'
x/]s lbg va/x¿df
b]z xfF;]sf] lrq vf]Hb}
hgtf gfr]sf] b[Zo vf]Hb}
t/, b]V5' vÞa/leq
b]z 56k6fPsf] syf
/, e]6\5' vÞa/leq
18 | jf;' zdf{
hgtf lkN;]sf] Joyf
;To o:t} xf] xf]Og dnfO{ hfGg' 5
oyfy{ aofg u/]/ n]v g x} elth Û
± ± ±
lxhf] p7]sf nfvf}+ d'7Lx¿
g]kfnLsf] lyof]
/, Gofo / ;dfgtfsf nflu p7]sf lyP
kl/jt{gsf cfsfª\Iffx¿ ;d]6\b}
lxhf] Ao'Fem]sf :jfledfgL dgx¿
g]kfnLsf] lyof]
/, zflGt / k|ultsf nflu AoF'em]sf lyP
t/, ;Fu} p7]sf d'7Lx¿ klg
cnucnu lsQfdf
;g{ yfn] /] eGg] ;'G5'
/, ;Fu} Ao'Fem]sf dgx¿ klg
;fF3'/f] :jfy{df
ljeQm x'gyfn] /] eGg] ;'G5'
dnfO{ hfGg' 5 ;To s] xf]
;To aofg u/]/ n]v g x} elth Û
-;Fu} Ao'Fem]sf dgx¿, k[= %$_
slj jf;' zdf{n] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\slnt ;do ;fIfL 5,
bDesf] lsNnfdf pleP/, cfpm lk|o Û xfdL ;dosf] s'/f u/f}+ h:tf
sltko sljtfdf ;j{q JofKt czflGtk|lt lrGtf JoSt ub}{
zflGtsf] sfdgf u/]sf 5g\ . o; ;DaGwL pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf
tnsf sljtf+znfO{ lng ;lsG5 M
-!_ pm cfuf] ;NsfpFb} 8'N5
d p;sf] kl5kl5
kfgL vGofpFb} 8'N5'
pm km]l/ csf]{ 7fpFdf cfuf] emf]:g k'U5
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 19
-@_
20 | jf;' zdf{
k5\ofpFb} d k'U5' / kfgL vGofpF5'
;do ;fIfL 5
pm dnfO{ 5n]/ ;+;f/ 8'ln/x]sf] 5
d kfgL vGofpFb} ;+;f/ 8'ln/x]sf] 5' .
-;do ;fIfL 5, k[= %*_
ltdLn] a'4sf] wfs nufPsf] klg ;'lgPs} xf]
ltdLn] a'4sf] ;fv ehfPsf] klg b]lvPs} xf]
ltdL g} t/ km]l/
zflGtsf] rfxgfnfO{ lgik|e kfb}{5f}
l;h{gfsf] sfdgfnfO{ lg:;f/ kfb}{5f}
-bDesf] lsNnfdf pleP/, k[= #*_
-#_ cr]n ;kgfdfly k|ltaGw nfu]sf] 5
cr]n ;kgf sf/faf;df aGbL 5
/,
k|ltaGw km's'jf / aGbL l/xfOsf]
gf/f nufpFb}
;kgfx¿sf] h'n'; lgl:s/x]5
dgsf ;8sx¿df
;kgfx¿sf] ;ef rln/x]5
dgsf d~rx¿df
;'Gb}5\of} lg ltdL klg <
-cfpm lk|o Û xfdL ;dosf] s'/f u/f}+, k[= $@_
jf;' zdf{sf] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\slnt :vlnt ljrf/x¿,
o:t} kf] xf] ls lhGbuL, åGå/t k/fhox¿ h:tf sljtfdf o'uLg
/fhgLlts, Goflos nufot cg]s If]qdf JofKt lj;ª\ult Pj+
ljs[ltk|lt cfqmf]z / Joª\Uo k|xf/ ul/Psf] 5 . o; ;DaGwL s]xL
pbfx/0f tn lbOG5 M
-!_ pN6f] ;/]sf] xf] ls ;do <
k]ml/ ws]Nb}5 eLd;]g yfkfx¿nfO{
-#_
hLjg / d[To'sf] cfFvldrf}nLdf
/, gGbk|;fb / u+ufdfofx¿sf] lgolt n]lv+b}5
cglulGt cfFvfx¿ 8'a]s} 5g\ cfFz'df
ljrf/fGt/sf] lzsf/ ag]sfx¿
sxfF hfpg\ Gofo vf]Hg
ha ls …GofoÚ cfk}+m Gofo dflu/x]5 .
± ± ±
cfbz{x¿ aGws ag]sf b]lvG5g\
zlSts]Gb|sf vf]kLx¿df
g dfS;{sf] cfbz{ sfd nfu]sf] 5
g ufGwLsf] cfbz{df 3fd nfu]sf] 5
a? cfbz{x¿ g} lnnfd eO/x]5g\
;Qf k|flKtsf] bf}8df
/, cfbz{sf Wjhfafxsx¿
ltg} cfbz{nfO{ eFhfP/
kmut eFhfP/
vfg kNs]sfx¿
xf], vfg kNs]sfx¿
s;}sf] xftsf] s7k'tnL em}+
zlSt pGdfbdf /dfpg]x¿nfO{
lhGbuLs} dft nfu]sf] xF'bf] xf], /
ToxL gzfn] pGdQ eP/
;TonfO{ 5f]Kg vf]H5g\
e'm7nfO{ /f]Kg vf]H5g\
s'lT;t :jfy{sf] u|lGy cf]sn]/
Oltxf;nfO{ pN6fpg vf]H5g\
e"uf]nnfO{ kN6fpg vf]H5g\
ltgsf lglDt ;fob
-:vlnt ljrf/x¿, k[= #%_
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 21
-#_
pgLx¿sf] lhGbuLr}+ lhGbuL xf]
c¿sf] lhGbuLr}+ lhGbuL g} x}g
dfgf}+
efOrf/f / ;xcl:tTj
ltgsf] zAbsf]zdf 5}g
;Ddfg / ;b\efj
ltgsf] /Stsf]ifdf 5}g
5 t s]jn bDen] 89]sf] cg'xf/ .
-o:t} kf] xf] ls lhGbuL, k[= !)$_
Pp6f ofqLn] uGtJo;Dd
lgw{Ss lx+8]/ k'Ug kfpg'kg]{ xf]
t/ af6f] 9's]/ ToxL klysnfO{ dfbf{
dfg]{sf] ljho ePsf] cxF d}n] b]lvg
a? p;n] xf/]sf] 5
p;sf] ljj]s
p;sf] dfgjLo ;+j]bgf
/, p;sf] dfgj rf]nfsf] cy{
xf],
p;n] xf/]sf] 5
dfG5] x'g'sf] cy{ .
± ± ±
dfgjLo lxtsf nflu ul/Psf cfljisf/x¿
dfG5]s} lj?4 b'?kof]u x'Fbf
dfgjLo sNof0fsf nflu hGd]sf cf:yfx¿
dfG5]s} lj?4 nlIft x'Fbf
dfgjLo pTyfgsf nflu k|ltkflbt l;4fGtx¿
dfG5]s} lj?4 b'/fjnDjg x'Fbf
sxfF eof] ljho <
s;sf] eof] ljho <
22 | jf;' zdf{
a; k/fhox¿ hlGd/x]5g\
s]jn k/fhox¿
/, cfk;df åGå/t 5g\ ltg} k/fhox¿
lj8Dagf Û
e|dsf] em08f prfn]/
ljhof]Nnf; dgfO/x]5g\ ltg} k/fhox¿ .
-åGå/t k/fhox¿, k[= !@!_
jf;' zdf{n] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\slnt ;dosf kmf]sfx¿
h:tf s]xL sljtfdf ;dosf] dlxdfufg klg u/]sf 5g\, h:t}—
;do / dfG5]
nfU5 b'O{ k|ltåGåL x'g\
t/ :kwf{x¿df ;w}+
;don] lht]sf] 5
/ dfG5]n] xf/]sf] 5
s7}, dfG5]sf] lgolt Û
± ± ±
;donfO{ xfFs]sf] 5' eG7fG5
;donfO{ lht]sf] 5' eG7fG5
-;dosf kmf]sfx¿, k[= ^$_
o;/L /fi6«k|]d, kof{j/0f jf k|s[ltk|]d, cfk|jf;L r]tgf
cflbsf ;fy} o'uLg ljs[lt / lj;ª\ultk|lt cfqmf]z / Joª\Uo k|xf/
nufot plNnlvt ljleGg ljifo efj jf ljrf/nfO{ sljtfTds
;+/rgf k|bfg ul/Psf jf;' zdf{sf sltko sljtfdf dfgjLo,
dfgj]t/ / k|s[lt;Da4 ;xefuLx¿sf] klg k|of]u kfOG5 t/
ltgdf k|o'Qm ;xefuLx¿ 5'§} ;xefuLsf ¿kdf geP/ sljtfs}
d"nefj;Fu ufFl;P/ cfPsf 5g\ . o;/L ;xefuLnfO{ klg sljtfs}
d"nefjdf pg]/ ;'Gb/ 9ª\un] k|:t't ug'{ logsf sljTjsf] pNn]Vo
kIf xf] .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 23
jf;' zdf{sf] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\u[xLt sltko sljtfdf
kl/j]z;"rs :yfg / ;dosf] st} :ki6 / st} ;fª\s]lts k|:t'lt
kfOG5 eg] sltkodf :yfg / ;dosf] pNn]v gul/Psf sf/0f tL
sljtf ;fj{:yflgs / ;fj{sflns aGgk'u]sf 5g\ . kl/j]z;"rs
jftfj/0fsf b[li6n] o; ;ª\u|xsf clwsf+z sljtfdf cfqmf]zsf
:j/ cleJol~ht 5g\ . ljz]iftM cfˆgf] dft[e"ld g]kfnsf ljljw
If]qdf JofKt lj;ª\ult, ljs[lt, c:tJo:ttf / c8afª\ufk|lt
lrGtf / cfqmf]z logsf sljtfsf] jftfj/0f ag]/ cfPsf 5g\ .
logsf sltko sljtfdf kof{j/0fLo If]qdf b]vfk/]sf
c:tJo:ttfaf6 pTkGg x'g;Sg] eofjx kl/l:yltsf] klg lrq0f
kfOG5 .
jf;' zdf{sf] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\u[xLt clwsf+z sljtf
l;h{gfsf] p2]Zo jt{dfg o'uLg ljljw If]qsf oyfy{sf] k|s6Ls/0f
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;df ;ª\u[xLt s]xL sljtf k|yd k'?iffTds
b[li6laGb'df ;+/lrt eP klg clwsf+z sljtf t[tLo k'?if
b[li6laGb'df ;+/lrt 5g\ / tL ;a}df s'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf] ljrf/
:ki6tfsf ;fy d'vl/t ePsf] 5 . t/ To;df k|:t't ljrf/ s'g}
/fhg}lts jfb jf l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t geO{ dfgjLo ;Gbe{;Fu
ufFl;Psf] b]lvG5 .
efiffz}nLo ljGof;sf b[li6n] x]bf{ jf;' zdf{sf] o; ;ª\u|xdf
;ª\u[xLt sljtf ;/n, ;xh / af]wuDo 5g\ . logsf ;a}h;f]
sljtf cf:jfbgsf nflu plt w]/} a'l4 lvofpg' k/]sf] cfjZostf
/x]sf] b]lvGg . z[ª\vnfa4 sljtfsf ¿kdf cfPsf] o; ;ª\u|xsf
sljtfx¿ cluNnf] ;ª\u|xsf eGbf cem a9L kl/is[t / kl/dflh{t
b]lvPsfn] logsf] sljtfsf] l;h{gf sf}zn / sljTj yk kl/isf/
/ kl/dfh{gsf ;fy clu a9]sf] b]lvG5 . o;df ;ª\u[xLt sljtfdf
k|o'Qm ljleGg laDa, k|tLs / cnª\sf/ klg ;j{u|fXo 5g\ .
d'St5Gbdf ;+/lrt eP klg logsf sljtf cfg'k|fl;s ;+of]hg
24 | jf;' zdf{
tyf ;dfgfGt/tfsf sf/0f nofTds u'0fo'St 5g\ .
;dfgfGt/tfsf] k|of]u;DaGwL s]xL pbfx/0f o:tf 5g\ M
slxn] psfnf] t slxn] cf]/fnf]
slxn] ;dy/ t slxn] le/fnf]
-af6f] la/fPsf] af6f], k[=!)&_
dhf lng]x¿sf] :jfb cfcfˆg} 5
dhf lng'sf] rfv klg cfcfˆg} 5
s;}nfO{ a];/L s'/f 9fF6\bf dhf cfpF5
s;}nfO{ c¿sf] s'/f sf6\bf dhf cfpF5
s;}s;}nfO{ eg] Odfg ;f6\bf dhf cfpF5
s;}nfO{ lg;+sf]r tn'jf rf6\bf dhf cfpF5
-dhf cfpg'sf] dhf, k[=!@$_
hjfkm 5 ls s;};Fu < h:tf sltko sljtfdf
;+jfbfTds tyf ;Fu} AoF'e]msf dgx¿, 56k6fO/x]sf dgx¿ h:tf
sltko sljtfdf ;Daf]wgfTds z}nLsf] k|of]u kfOP klg w]/h;f]
sljtf j0f{gfTds z}nLdf ;+/lrt 5g\ . o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\u[xLt
k|foM sljtfsf] d"nefj / zLif{ssf aLrdf ;fd~h:o kfOG5 .
o;sf] d"n zLif{s klg ;fd~h:od"ns /x]sf] 5 . oL ;a}
;Gbe{af6 x]bf{ jf;' zdf{sf] sljTj ;an /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
cGTodf, ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv a]nfotdf a;]/ ;flxTo
l;h{gfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sf slj jf;' zdf{sf] n]vgLdf k|foM
k|f}9tf / kl/kSjtf cfO;s]sf] b]lvP klg logsf] n]vgLn]
lg/Gt/tfsf ;fy cem} :t/Lotf k|fKt u/f];\ eGg] xflb{s z'e]R5f
JoQm ub{5' .
@)&& ;fpg @^
lqe'jg ljZjljBfno
sLlt{k'/, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn
kmf]g M )!$##@!&*
email : drkhalu@yahoo.com
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 25
26 | jf;' zdf{
cfˆgf s'/f
sljtf ;ª\u|xsf ¿kdf of] d]/f] rf}yf] s[lt oxfFx¿sf] xftdf
NofOk'¥ofpg kfpFbf dnfO{ xif{ nfu]sf] 5 . a]nfotdf a;f]af; ug{
yfn]kl5sf] eg] of] d]/f] bf];|f] sljtf ;ª\u|x xf] . k|sfzgsf nflu
tof/L cj:yfdf /x]sf] Pp6f d'Sts ;ª\u|x / Pp6f pkGof; klg
rfF8} k|sfzg ug]{ rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpFb} 5' . ljut ;f9] rf/ bzsb]lv
ljleGg ljwfsf l;h{gfx¿ ub}{ cfO/x]sf]df otf k|jf;df /xg yfn]
kl5 klg c6'6 ¿kdf n]vg sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5' .
k/b]zdf a;f]af; ug{ yfn]sf] 8]9 bzs eO;s]sf] ePtf klg
s'g} To:tf] lbg 5}g h'g lbg :jb]zsf], :jhgsf] jf egf}+ df6f] /
af6f]sf] ofb gcfPsf] xf];\ . To;}n] o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\u[xLt d]/f
w]/}h;f] sljtfx¿ :jb]z leqsf a]lyltx¿n] emSemSofP/ kf]lvPsf
kL8f, cfqmf]z / Jo~hgfo'St cleJolStx¿ ldl;Psf kfpg' x'g]5 .
k]ml/ klg sltko d]/f sljtfx¿ dfgjLo ;+j]bgfsf ljZj ;Gbe{x¿df
klg 8'n]sf 5g\ . To:t}, o; ;ª\u|x leqsf s]xL sljtfx¿ Jftfj/0fLo
Ifosf ljifodf /lrPsf 5g\ . …hjfkm 5 ls s;};Fu <Ú, …b'O{ o'usf
b'O{ kfqx¿Ú, …slj, skmL / kfgLsf kfOnfx¿Ú, …df5fsf] kf]i6df6]{dÚ /
…s;nfO{ wGojfb lbpF <Ú zLif{ssf sljtfx¿ Jftfj/0fLo x|f;sf
ljifodf /lrPsf sljtfx¿ x'g\ . a]nfotdf x/]s jif{ jftfj/0f
lbj;df jftfj/0f ;flxTo uf]i7L cfof]hgf ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 / ;f]
cj;/df o; ljifosf sljtfx¿ jfrg ug]{ ul/G5 . ;fy}, gflt
hGdFbf ePsf] lghL ;'vb cg'e"ltnfO{ kf]Vb} …dgsf] /fhf clb|tÚ
zLif{ssf] sljtf /rgf u/]sf] lyPF . Tof] sljtf klg o; ;ª\u|xdf
;dfj]z u/]sf] 5' . ;+lIfKtdf, o; ;ª\u|xdf kf7sx¿n] ljljw :jfb
lng kfpg' x'g]5 .
;g\ @))^ df a]nfot cfP kl5 d]/f] klxnf] sljtf …y]D;sf]
lsgf/fdf sf]zLsf] ;DemgfÚ zLif{sdf l;h{gf u/]sf] lyPF . ;f]xL
sljtfnfO{ s[ltsf] zLif{s sljtf agfP/ ;g\ @)!$ df sljtf ;ª\u|x
k|sfzg u/]+ . y]D; lsgf/fsf] a;f]af;df :jb]zsf] ;]/f]km]/f]sf ofbx¿df
;g\ @))^ df klxnf] sljtf l;h{gf u/]sf] !) jif{ kl5 ;g\ @)!^ df
k]ml/ ltg} ;]/f]km]/f] / p:t} zLif{sdf csf]{ sljtf l;h{gf ug{ k'u]+Ù …k]ml/
y]D;s} lsgf/f–sf]zLs} ;DemgfÚ . oxL sljtfnfO{ ;ª\u|xsf] zLif{s
sljtf agfP/ k|sfzg ug{ dg nfu]/ of] sljtf ;ª\u|x kf7sx¿ ;dIf
NofO{ k'¥ofPsf] 5' .
z'?df t o; u|Gydf e"ldsf g} g/fvf}+ ls eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] .
t/ k]ml/ e"ldsf /fVg] rng nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg dg nfUof] . clg d]/f]
cg'/f]wnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L g]kfnL efiff ;flxTosf w'/Gw/, cu|0fL
;dfnf]rs Pjd\ ljåfg\ k|f= 8f= vu]Gb|k|;fb n'O{+6]nn] e"ldsf n]lvlbg'
eof] . cfˆgf] cToGt Jo:t ;doaf6 d]/f nflu ;do 5'6\ofO{ e"ldsf
n]lvlbg' x'g] k|f= 8f= n'O{+6]n k|lt d cToGt} cfef/L 5' .
dnfO{ d]/f k':tsx¿ k|sfzg ug{ ;w}+ 3R3RofO/xg] d]/L kTgL
uLtf v/]n Gof}kfg]sf] ;fy / ;xof]u gkfPsf] eP zfob of] sljtf
;ª\u|x clxn] 5flkFb}g lyof] xf]nf . pgsf] u'g lt/]/} g;lsg] 5 . zfob
pgL cfFk}m Ps slj ePsLn] klg xf]nf of] sljtf ;ª\u|x lg:sgdf
vf;df pgs} hf]8 ann] sfd u/]sf] 5 eGbf cltzof]lSt x'g] 5}g . d
pgL k|lt cfef/L 5' / w]/} w]/} wGojfb lbG5' . ;fy}, 5f]/f ljlbt, a'xf/L
cf/tL, 5f]/L ljlbzf / HjfO{+ uf}/jsf] klg ;fy ;xof]u d}n] kfPsf] 5'
/ pgLx¿ ;a} k|lt leqL dgb]lv wGojfb JoSt ub{5' .
cGtdf, k':ts 5kfO{sf] lhDdf lnOlbg d}n] u/]sf] cg'/f]wnfO{
:jLsf/ u/L z'4fz'l4 x]g]{b]lv se/k[i7sf] l8hfOg tof/ ul/lbg] /
k|sflzt ;d]t ul/lbg' x'g] uf]/vf klAns]zgsf ljåfg\ ldq nf]sdl0f
kf}8]n k|lt klg xflb{s wGojfb JoSt ub{5' . c:t' .
– jf;' zdf{
n08g
O{d]nM basushrm@yahoo.co.uk
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 27
28 | jf;' zdf{
sljtfqmd
qmd zLif{s k[i7
!= k]ml/ y]D;s} lsgf/f – sf]zLs} ;Demgf @(
@= a'l‰bg d ##
#= :vlnt ljrf/x¿ #%
$= bDesf] lsNnfdf pleP/ #*
%= cfpm lk|o Û xfdL ;dosf] s'/f u/f}+ $@
^= ha ;Eotf ldlrG5 $%
&= cfFvfel/ k|Zgx¿ $&
*= ;"o{ / rGb| g} emnf{ h:tf] 5 $(
(= klxrfgsf] rf/ lsNnf %!
!)= ;Fu} AoF'e]msf dgx¿ %$
!!= 56k6fO/x]sf dgx¿ %^
!@= ;do ;fIfL 5 %*
!#= a;\ ltd|f] nflu ^!
!$= ;dosf kmf]sfx¿ ^$
!%= hjfkm 5 ls s;};Ë < ^&
!^= d]/f] sljtf d"R5f{ k¥of]
&@
!&= anfTs[t zAbx¿
&%
!*= b'O{ o'usf b'O{ kfqx¿ &&
!(= cfhsf] ;fFem SofS6;sf] dfem *)
@)= Ps e'mNsf] 3fd / /fdljnf; *#
@!= slj, skmL / kfgLsf kfOnfx¿ **
@@= sˆo{" nfu]sf] ;8sdf ;kgfx¿sf] h'n"; (!
@#= nfh gefsf] l5d]sL (%
@$= df5fsf] kf]i6df6]{d (*
@%= d':sfpg] axfgf lbG5' d !)!
@^= o:t} kf] xf] ls lhGbuL < !)$
@&= af6f] la/fPsf] af6f]
!)&
@*= cr]n ;flxTo la/fgf] eP5 !!!
@(= d[To'sf kfOnfx¿ !!%
#)= s;nfO{ wGojfb lbpFm < !!*
#!= åGå/t k/fhox¿ !@!
#@= dhf cfpg'sf] dhf
!@$
##= dgsf] /fhf clb|t !@*
#$= ;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg !#!
#%= dnfO{ l;Ëf] b]z b]pm !#$
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 29
k]ml/ y]D;s} lsgf/f – sf]zLs} ;Demgf
dfl/of Û
slt dfofn' 5]
zfob, pm dfofsL vfgL xf]
zfob, pm cfFvfsL gfgL xf] .
of] ;fgL Kof/L aRrL dfl/of Û
k'm/k'm/ ub}{ x/]s laxfg
:s"n hfg] a]nfdf
cl3lNt/ cfP/ pleG5]
…u'8 dlg{ª kfkfÚ eGb}
cFufnf]df 6fFl:;G5]
d]/f] lgwf/df DjfO{+ vfG5]
/, ;§fdf cfˆgf] lgwf/ yfK5]
clg d klg cfˆgf] jfT;No kf]Vb}
p;sf] lgwf/df DjfO{+ vfG5'
xiff{lt/]s eP/ dfofn] ;'D;'DofpF5' .
g p;nfO{ wd{n] 5]S5 g j0f{n]
g p;nfO{ efiffn] /f]S5 g ;F:s[ltn]
a;\
p;n] dfg]sf] Pp6} wd{ 5 – Tof] xf] dfof
p;n] b]v]sf] Pp6} j0f{ 5 – Tof] xf] jfT;No
p;n] a'e]msf] Pp6} efiff 5 – Tof] xf] k|]d
p;nfO{ kr]sf] Pp6} ;F:s[lt 5 – Tof] xf] cfˆgf]kg .
30 | jf;' zdf{
of] caf]w aRrL dfl/of h:t}
csL{ caf]w aRrL dL/f klg xf]
/, pm klg p:t} dfofn' 5]
p:t} 5'g'd'g' ub}{ jl/kl/ 3'D5]
ptf xfd|f] ufpFsL
t/, slyt blntsL aRrL
lar/L dL/f Û
g uP/ s;}nfO{ cª\sdfn ug{ ;S5]
g c¿ s;}sf] lgwf/df DjfO{+ vfg ;S5]
g t cfˆgf] lgwf/ yfKg ;S5] dfofsf nflu
a;\
k/} a;]/ slNkG5]
lsgeg]
p;nfO{ wd{n] 5]S5
lsgeg]
p;nfO{ hftn] /f]S5 .
;[li6sf] of] s:tf] lj8Dagf Û
otf of] dfl/of
ptf Tof] dL/f .
x/]s laxfg dfl/of :s"n hfFbf
d dL/fnfO{ ;DemG5'
ptf dL/f eg]
cfˆgf efO{ a}gL v]nfpFb} xf]nL
jf, ;fgf ;fgf slnnf xftn]
af/Ldf bfp/f le+Femf a6'Nb} xf]nL
d]/f] dgleq cfzª\sfx¿ d8fl/G5g\
p;n] lstfa af]Sg t kfpnL <
p;n] :s"n 6]Sg t kfpnL <
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 31
dfl/of Hj/f] cfP/ lj/fdL x'Fbf
p;nfO{ 8fS6/sf]df k'¥ofOxfn]
8fS6/n] hfFlrxfn]
cf}ifwL lbOxfn]
/, b'O{ lbgd} ;~rf] eO{
ptf dL/f Hj/f] cfP/ la/fdL x'Fbf
g 8fS6/ g l;6fdf]nsf] rSsL
s]jn wfdLsf] 9\ofª\u|f] / k'mskmfs
ljr/L, dlxgf lbg cf]5\ofg k/L .
otf y]D;sf] lsgf/fdf tg ple/x]sf] 5
ptf sf]zLsf] u9\lt/ lt/ dg 8'ln/x]sf] 5
dfl/ofx¿sf] afn;'ne r~rntf leq
of] dg dL/fx¿nfO{ vf]lh/x]sf] 5
d]rL / dxfsfnLsf] ;]/f]k]m/f] leq
slnnf xftx¿n]
lstfa / sfkL af]s]sf] lrq xf]Og
bfp/f / 3fF; a6'Ng' kg]{ lgoltnfO{
5\ofª\5\ofª\lt b]lv/xsf] 5
/, ljjz b[li6 6'n'6'n' x]l//x]sf] 5 .
y'k|} slnnf lhGbuLx¿ pkrf/ gkfP/
csfndf dl//x]sf] kL8fnfO{
va/x¿n] af]s]/ NofpFbf
cgfof; gh/ dfl/ofdf cl8G5
/, r]tgfnfO{ lrdf]7\5
otf dfl/ofx¿
ptf dL/fx¿ Û
32 | jf;' zdf{
dfl/of otf cfˆgf] b]zdf 5]
dL/f klg ptf cfˆg} b]zdf 5]
otf b]zn] dfl/ofx¿nfO{ ;'D;'DofO/x]sf] 5
ptf cfFugd} dL/fx¿sf] b]z v'lDr/x]sf] 5
otf klg ;/sf/ 5
ptf klg ;/sf/ 5
otf ;/sf/ dfl/ofx¿;Fu 8/fpF5
ptf dL/fx¿ ;/sf/;Fu 8/fpF5g\ .
e"uf]nsf b'O{ uf]nfw{sf aLrdf
t'Noft'No efj t/ª\ux¿df t/ª\lub}
tg y]D;sf] lsgf/fdf ple/x]sf] 5
dg sf]zLsf] u9\tL/df 8'ln/x]sf] 5 .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 33
34 | jf;' zdf{
a'l‰bg d
cfuf]df kfgLsf km"n km'nfpg] s'/f
a'l‰bg d
lrtfdf hln/x]/ klg d':s'/fpg] s'/f
a'l‰bg d .
;u/dfyfsf] yfKnf dfly pleP/
ha Oltxf;
em's]sf] lz/ / nlHht gh/n]
b]zsf] e"uf]n x]g{ nfrf/ x'G5
e"uf]nsf s'/f klg
a'l‰bg d
Oltxf;sf s'/f klg
a'l‰bg d .
b]zsf] lrq aGws /fv]/
b]zsf] s'/f u5{g\
a'l‰bg d
df6f]sf] OHht n'6fP/
:jfledfgsf s'/f u5{g\
a'l‰bg d .
l;h{gfsf] w'gdf df6f] lsg gfR5 <
Tof] r}+ d}n] a'em]sf] x'F
ofqLx¿sf] kbrfkn] af6f] lsg xfF:5 <
Tof] klg d}n] a'em]sf] x'F
t/,
dfG5] lsg ToxL df6f]nfO{ lyR5
a'l‰bg d
dfG5] lsg ToxL af6f]nfO{ ldR5
a'l‰bg d .
ef]sn] lzz' /f]O/x]5
cfdfsf nfD6f klg /;fpg 5fl8;s]
/, lzz'sf] dfofn] cfdf klg /f]O/lx5g\
clj/n cfFz' alu/x]5
b'O{ cfFvfaf6
d]rL / sfnL ag]/
t/,
dfG5]sf dgx¿ v8]/Ln] ;'ls;s]5g\
;+j]bgfn] 5'g] d'6' g} 5}g
dfG5]sf cfFvfx¿ t'jfFnf]n] 9fls;s]5g\
oyfy{nfO{ b]Vg] b[li6 g} 5}g
ltg} d'6'xLgx¿n] d'6'bfg ug]{ s'/f
a'l‰bg d
ltg} b[li6xLgx¿n] g]qbfg ug]{ s'/f
a'l‰bg d .
;Ggf6f leq ;ËLtsf] w'g ahfpg] s'/f
a'l‰bg d
j]bgf leq d':sfgsf] /ª\u ;hfpg] s'/f
a'l‰bg d
cfuf]df kfgLsf km"n km'nfpg] s'/f
a'l‰bg d .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 35
:vlnt ljrf/x¿
pN6f] ;/]sf] xf] ls ;do <
k]ml/ ws]Nb}5 led;]g yfkfx¿nfO{
hLjg / d[To'sf] cfFvldrf}nLdf
/, gGbk|;fb / u+ufdfofx¿sf] lgolt n]lv+b}5
cglulGt cfFvfx¿ 8'a]s} 5g\ cfFz'df
ljrf/fGt/sf] lzsf/ ag]sfx¿
sxfF hfpg\ Gofo vf]Hg
ha ls …GofoÚ cfk}+m Gofo dflu/x]5 .
…r/LÚ x¿sf] d[To'df cfGbf]ng p7\g] ;F:s[lt leq
hgxLt / clwsf/sf s'/f
do"/sf] KjfFv le/]sf] sf}jf g xf]
xf], uFh8Lsf ukm em}+
:vlnt eO/x]5g\ ljrf/x¿ .
cfjfh ;'Gg ;Sg] sfgx¿ x'g'kg]{ xf]
;'Gg' kg]{x¿;Fu
t/ :jfy{sf] sfg]u'hL el/P/
alx/f ag]sf tL sfgx¿
lem/n] 3f]r] klg v'Ng] 5fF6 b]lvGg
ljt08f b]Vg ;Sg] cfFvfx¿ x'g'kg]{ xf]
x]g{' kg]{x¿;Fu
t/ :jfy{sf] k§L afFw]/
36 | jf;' zdf{
cGwf ag]sf tL cfFvfx¿
w[t/fi6«–df]xaf6 lg:sg] 5fF6 b]lvGg
/, lg/Gt/ :vlnt eO/x]5g\ ljrf/x¿ .
cfdfnfO{ /08L eGg]x¿
/, cfdfsf] df;' n'5]/ ef]h k:sg vf]Hg]x¿
5ftL tGsfP/ lgl:kmqmL 8'qm]sf] b]Vbf
:jfledfgL dgx¿
r'krfk al;/xg ;Snfg\ s] <
tL s'kfq x'sf{pg]x¿n]
hjfkm lbg' k5{ b]z / hgtfnfO{
ljeflht e"uf]nsf] ;kgf lsg /f]Kof} <
ljeflht ljrf/sf] Oltxf; lsg /Rof} <
cfbz{x¿ aGws ag]sf b]lvG5g\
zlSts]Gb|sf vf]kLx¿df
g dfS;{sf] cfbz{ sfd nfu]sf] 5
g ufGwLsf] cfbz{df 3fd nfu]sf] 5
a? cfbz{x¿ g} nLnfd eO/x]5g\
;Qf k|flKtsf] bf}8df
/, cfbz{sf Wjhf afxsx¿
ltg} cfbz{nfO{ eFhfP/
kmut eFhfP/
vfg kNs]sfx¿
xf], vfg kNs]sfx¿
s;}sf] xftsf] s7k'tnL em}+
tdfzf b]vfO/x]sf] efg x'G5
dbf/Lsf] 58Lsf] O{zf/fdf
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 37
5d5d gflr/x]sf] k|tLt x'G5
/, lg/Gt/ km:6fpFbf] 5
:vlnt ljrf/x¿sf] ahf/
hxfF
cfxt dgx¿ leq
:jfledfg 56\k6fO/x]sf] 5
hxfF
uf}/jzfnL :jfledfg leq
b]z b'lv/x]sf] 5 .
38 | jf;' zdf{
bDesf] lsNnfdf pleP/
o'4sf] vf]h lsg u5f]}{ <
:jfy{sf] kvf{n 78\ofP/
o'4sf] jLh lsg 55f}{ <
bDesf] lsNnfdf pleP/
ltd|f ;+sNksf jf0fLx¿
cvaf/x¿n] 5/]s} x'g\ b]z b]zfj/;Dd
v} t tL ;ÍNkx¿ <
ltdL eg]
b'v]sf dgx¿ g} s'NrFb}
af‰5f}
ldN5f}
hf]8\5f}
kmf]8\5f}
ltd|f] nLnf of] a'lemg;Sg' ef]
ltdL gfos xf}
jf, vngfos <
bz{s k+lStsf ;/n dflg;x¿ eg]
b]zb]lv otf k/b]z;Dd
ltd|f] rl/q clego b]v]/
cjfs 5g\
lvGg 5g\
b'MvL 5g\
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 39
ltdL eg]
5]kf/fn] em}+
/Ëx¿ km]b}{ l5gl5gdf tdfzf b]vfpFb}5f}
ltg} x}/fg bz{sx¿nfO{ lsQf lsQfdf afF8\b}5f}
/, bDesf] lsNnfdf pleP/
o'4sf] vf]h ub}{5f}
:jfy{sf] kvf{n 78\ofP/
o'4sf] aLh 5b}{5f} .
ltdLn] jrg lbof}
;kgf ;Fufn]/ b'MvL hgx¿n]
ltdLnfO{ ljZjf; lbP
v} t ljZjf;sf] nfh /fv]sf] <
pN6} ltdL eg]
ToxL ljZjf;nfO{ 3ft ub}{5f}
Gofo, ;dfgtf / hglxtsf s'/fnfO{
sk6L zs'gLn] em}+
B"t qmL8fsf kfzf agfpFb}5f}
hxfF ltdL xfb}{gf}
xf5{g\ t cfzfsf] dfnf pGg]
tL lg:jfy{, lgZ5n / lgisk6 dgx¿
ltdL eg]
ltg} dgx¿nfO{
lsQf lsQfdf afF8\b}5f}
/, bDesf] lsNnfdf pleP/
k]ml/ o'4sf] vf]h ub}{5f}
:jfy{sf] kvf{n 78\ofP/
k]ml/ o'4sf] aLh 5b}{5f} .
40 | jf;' zdf{
ltdLn] eGof}
cfpm k'/fgf]nfO{ eTsfP/
gofF lgdf{0f u/f}+
/, ltd|f] cfXjfgnfO{ k5\ofpFb}
p7] ;8sdf nfvf}+ d'7Lx¿
gj lgdf{0fsf] cfjfh a'nGb ub}{
/, 9Nof] k'/fgf] w/x/f
rsgfr"/ eof] k'/fgf] zLzdxn
cfzfsf ls/0fx¿ 5l/P cfFugel/
;'vsf ;kgfx¿ ;lhP dgel/
k/Gt'
;8sdf u'Gh]sf :j/x¿sf]
u'Ghg x/fpg gkfpFb}
xif{sf] ;ËLtdf gfRg gkfpFb}
cfzfsf] s]Gb|d} tf08j dlRrof]
:tAw cfFvfx¿n] x]l//x] lglg{d]if
aGbL ag]sf cfˆgf ;kgfx¿nfO{
ltdL eg]
ltg} :tAw cfFvfx¿nfO{
lsQf lsQfdf afF8\b}5f}
/, bDesf] lsNnfdf pleP/
k]ml/ klg o'4s} vf]h ub}{5f}
:jfy{sf] kvf{n 78\ofP/
k]ml/ klg o'4s} aLh 5b}{5f} .
ltdLn] a'4sf] wfs nufPsf] klg ;'lgPs} xf]
ltdLn] a'4sf] ;fv ehfPsf] klg b]lvPs} xf]
ltdL g} t/ km]l/
zflGtsf] rfxgfnfO{ lgik|e kfb}{5f}
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 41
l;h{gfsf] sfdgfnfO{ lg:;f/ kfb}{5f}
a'4s} e"lddf ltdL
a'4s} dfgdb{g ub}{5f}
a'4s} zfg w"ldn kfb}{5f}
a'4sf tL zfGt l:gUw cfFvfnfO{
lsQf lsQfdf afF8\b}5f}
lsg <
bDesf] lsNnfdf pleP/
lsg o'4sf] vf]h ub}{5f} <
:jfy{sf] kvf{n 78\ofP/
lsg o'4sf] aLh 5b}{5f} <
42 | jf;' zdf{
cfpm lk|o Û xfdL ;dosf] s'/f u/f}+
Gofgf] cflnª\ugdf x/fP/ lk|o Û
xfdLn] w]/} ;kgfx¿ b]Vof}+
;kgfsf s'/f u¥of}+
;kgfdf 8'Ng] s'/f u¥of}+
t/ yfxf 5 <
cr]n ;kgf dfly k|ltaGw nfu]sf] 5
cr]n ;kgf sf/faf;df aGbL 5
/,
k|ltaGw km's'jf / aGbL l/xfO{sf]
gf/f nufpFb}
;kgfx¿sf] h'n'z lgl:s/x]5
dgsf ;8sx¿df
;kgfx¿sf] ;ef rln/x]5
dgsf d~rx¿df
;'Gb}5\of} lg ltdL klg <
uuge]bL gf/fx¿ 3lGs/x]5g\
;kgf b]Vg kfpg'
dfgj dfqsf] clwsf/ xf] – clwsf/ xf]
;kgf dflysf] k|ltaGw
km's'jf u/ – km's'jf u/
aGbL ;kgfx¿nfO{ l/xf u/ – l/xf u/
cfpm lk|o Û xfdL klg cfh
;kgf l/xfO{sf] s'/f u/f}+ .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 43
3;|Lk;|L rn]sf] lhGbuL
u/LaLn] lryf]/]sf] lgolt
e"sDkn] eTsfPsf] 3/
eUgfjz]ifleq k'l/Psf eljiox¿
vfg gkfPsf vf]qmf k]6x¿
la/fdL cg'xf/x¿
cr]n oL ;a} aFw'jf ag]sf 5g\
zlQm s]G›x¿ leq
/, pgLx¿ aFw'jf hLjgaf6 d'lQm rfxG5g\
cfpm lk|o Û xfdL klg cfh
ltg} aFw'jfx¿sf] d'lQmsf] s'/f u/f}+ .
5f}k8L leq u'lD;Psf
5f]/L r]nLsf lrTsf/x¿
af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf k|tfl8t
cfdf, lbbL / alxgLx¿
c5"tsf] s;Ldf 3f]6]/
lt/:sf/sf] tL/n] 3f]lrPsfx¿
oL ;a}sf] syf
ltn:dL syfdf em}+
ltn:dL kfqx¿sf]
hfb"u/L y}nLdf s}b 5g\ cr]n
dfgj ;Eotf eg] nlHht 5
vf;df ;Eotf cfqmf]lzt 5
pm lrRofPsf] ;'Gb}5\of} <
pm eGb}5 –
;Ddfg / cfTd;Ddfg
dfgj dfqsf] clwsf/ xf]
44 | jf;' zdf{
To;sf] k|Tofe"lt u/
cfpm lk|o Û xfdL klg cfh
;Eotfsf] s'/f u/f}+ .
;do anjfg x'G5 eG5g\
k/Gt' cfh em}+ lg/Lx ;do t
s'g} ;dodf klg lyPg xf]nf
ljjz ag]/ x]l//x]5 ;a} j]lyltx¿
;do cf]vtL xf] klg eG5g\
k/Gt' ;don] ;donfO{ g}
w'nf]lk7f] x'g] u/L o;/L 9'6\ofPsf] t
Oltxf;df st} klg lyPg xf]nf
/, ;dosf] oxL qm"/ k|xf/n]
dgx¿df wfFhf] kmf6]sf] 5
:jhgx¿df efFhf] xfn]sf] 5
jt{dfgdf l5›} l5› ag]sf] 5
/, ;dosf] sdhf]/ l5›af6 l5/]/
cfˆgf] ceLi6 k'/f ug]{ x]t'n]
s;/t ug]{x¿ 5Fb} 5g\ ub}{ 5g\
:jfy{df lxl/Ss eP/
nDk;f/ kg]{x¿ 5Fb} 5g\ kb}{ 5g\
;do eg] w/w/L ?Fb}5
b]Vb}5\of} lg lk|o <
cfpm cfh xfdL klg
;dosf] s'/f u/f}+ .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 45
ha ;Eotf ldlrG5
of] ;dfh Û
of] kl/j]z ÛÛ
kfv08Lx¿sf] kfv08 hd]s} /x]5, a'em]+
w"t{x¿sf] w'Tof{O{ + rn]s} /x]5, hfg]+ .
:jfy{sf] v]nsf] Tof] s:tf] gf6s
:jfyL{x¿sf] em]n Tof] slt 3fts
rf]s rf]sdf v]lnbf] /x]5
uNnL uNnLdf e]l6bf] /x]5
lrGg ufx|f] ef]
aRg ufx|f] ef] .
k|]dn] cª\sdfn ubf{
5'/L xfGnf eGg] s] kQf] <
t/ hfnL /x]5
¥jfDd /f]lkxfN5
/, pm ufnL /x]5
a]ws cf]lslnxfN5
a/f Û cfxt 3fOt] dg eg]
6\jfNn k/]/ x]l//xG5,
a;\ x]l//xG5 .
ha ;Eotf ldlrG5
;f]emf hgx¿
46 | jf;' zdf{
3fgdf k/L g} /xG5g\
ha lzi6tf tf]l8G5
;f]emf dgx¿
dfgdf em/L g} /xG5g\ .
of] ;dfh Û
of] kl/j]z ÛÛ
sk6Lx¿sf] sk6 km'n]s} /x]5, b]v]+
a]zdL{x¿sf] gUgtf v'n]s} /x]5, b]v]+ .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 47
cfFvfel/ k|Zgx¿
ufpFlt/,
ls;fg bfO{sf s'/f –
klxnf sldh ;'?jfn nufpFy]+
cr]n kfOG6 ;6{ nufpg yfn]sf] 5'
t/ yfKnfsf] gfDnf] eg] x6]sf] 5}g
;Fu} a;]sf nfx'/] bfO{sf s'/f –
k/b]zlt/ slt ul/;s] c¿n]
d]/} cfFvfn] b]v]sf x'g\
…cu/Ú xfdLn] klg u/]sf] eP
…s'5Ú ul/;SYof}+
…v}/Ú ca klg u¥of}+ + eg]
…s'5Ú ug{ ;S5f}+ .
zx/lt/,
s'/f cs}{ 5
w'g a]Un} 5
ls lu/fpg] s'/f 5
ls p7fpg] s'/f 5
cUnf kvf{nx¿leq
ufpFsf s'/f k:g ;Sb}gg\
ufpFn]sf efjgf k'Ug ;Sb}gg\
a?,
lxdfn h:t} cUnf] :jfledfgnfO{
48 | jf;' zdf{
vl08t ug]{ v]nsf uf]6Lx¿
slxn] o;/L rflnG5g\
slxn] p;/L rflnG5g\ .
lhGbuL vf]Hb} lhGbuLx¿
ef}+tfl//x]sf e]l6G5g\
ufpFlt/ klg
zx/lt/ klg
56k6L, c;Gt'li6
cfzf, clenfiff
ld>0f, ;lDd>0f
cd"t{ lrqsf] /+u ;+of]hg em}+
a'emfO{ km/s km/s 5
JofVof cnu cnu 5 .
cfFvfel/ k|Zgx¿ 5g\
dgel/ lh1f;fx¿ 5g\
v} s;n] kf] l6Kg] xf]
;'vb cfutsf rfxgfx¿
v} s;n] kf] a6'Ng] xf]
5/ki6 phf{zLn efjgfx¿ <
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 49
;"o{ / rGb| g} emnf{ h:tf] 5
3'Dg] d]rsf] xf]8df
cGwf dfG5]x¿sf] nsf]{
v} 6'ª\lug] 5fF6 5}g x} e"kL
nDk;f/ kg]{ / kfg]{ :kwf{df .
3ft, k|lt3ft, cGt3f{t
v} of] s:tf] axfb'/L xf]
e"kL ltdLn] cf}+NofP em}+
d"v{ axfb'/x¿sf]
jf,
axfb'/ d"v{x¿sf] .
cfˆg}n] cfˆg}nfO{ x]nfF ug]{
cfˆg}n] cfˆg}nfO{ kL8Þf lbg]
of] s:tf] v]nsf] cfljisf/ ef]<
nfU5,
kL8Þf / x]+nfsf] cy{ g} km]l/P h:tf] 5
lje]b / cGofosf] s;L g} :jfy{df a]l/P h:tf] 5 .
b'O{ rf/ ;k"t d/]/ guP
b]z aGb}g eGYof}
ldld{/]df b'O{ rf/ tf/f em/]/ guP
ljxfgL x'Fb}g eGYof}
50 | jf;' zdf{
t/ b]Vb}5f} e"lk <
b'O{ rf/ ;k"tsf] t s] s'/f ef] /<
xhf/f}+ ;Gtltsf] alnbfg eP klg
b]z emg\ emg\ cf]/fnf] emnf{ h:tf] 5
b'O{ rf/ tf/fsf] t s] s'/f ef] /<
laxfgLsf] cfef kf]lvg gkfpFb} wtL{df
g]kfnL cfsfzaf6
;"o{ / rG› g} emnf{ h:tf] 5 .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 51
klxrfgsf] rf/ lsNnf
dfly dfly
n]ssf] vs{df
lr;f] l;/]6f];Fu h'‰b}
rf}+/L / Rof+u|f r/fO/x]sf tL uf]7fnf
z]kf{ x'g\ ls afx'g\ x'g\ <
Tot} vs{s} uf]7df
;fgL gfgLnfO{ sf]qmfdf xNnfpFb}
cFu]gfdf s'F8f] ksfO/x]sL
dlxgf lbgsL ;'Ts]/L
u'?Ë;]gL x'g\ ls If]qf0fL x'g\ <
ltgn] cf–cfˆgf] klxrfg dfu] eg]
klxrfgsf] rf/ lsNnf
s] u/L 5'6\ofOlbg] xf]nf <
tn t/fO{sf kmfF6df
vnvnL r'x]sf] kl;gf k'5\b}
v]tsf 8Nnf ;DofpFb} u/]sf ls;fg bfO{
/, Tot} dw]zsf] udL{df
l/Szf tflg/x]sf l/Szf rfns
kxf8] x'g\ ls dw]zL x'g\ <
ltgn] klg klxrfg dfu] eg]
klxrfgsf] rf/ lsNnf
s;/L sf]l/lbg] xf]nf <
52 | jf;' zdf{
ptf kxf8lt/
;fx'sf] dfn af]s]/
psfnf]df 9fs/ tf]Sdfdf c8\ofO{
kmf6]sf] hL0f{ 6f]kLn] jf k5\of}/Ln]
lgwf/sf] kl;gf k'5\b}
xfjfnfO{ af]nfpg ;';]nL xfNg]
9fqm] jf 9flqmgL
afx'g, If]qL, hghftL jf blnt
s] x'g\<
ltgsf] klxrfgsf] rf/ lsNnf
s'g s'g rf}tf/L / eGHofËn]
5'6\ofOlbg] xf]nf <
a]/f]huf/Ln] kLl8t o'jfx¿
sdfO{ ug{ vf8L k'u]sf dWo]
aGb afs;df
:jb]z kms]{sf kfly{j z/L/x¿
kxf8] x'g\ ls dw]zL x'g\ <
k"j]{nL x'g\ ls klZrd]nL x'g\ <
hghftL x'g\ ls If]qL x'g\ <
blnt x'g\ ls afx'g\ x'g\ <
ltgsf] klxrfgsf nflu
rf/ lsNnf 5'6\ofpg]
ljwfg s] xf]nf <
lbge/ 6]S;L rnfO{
kl/jf/ kfNg] 6]S;L 8«fOj/n]
cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] hnfPsf]
cfˆgf] 6]S;LnfO{
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 53
6f]nfP/ x]b}{
klxrfgsf] s'g rf}x2L vf]Hg' kg]{ xf]nf <
aGbn] ubf{ c:ktfn k'Ug gkfO{
ljr af6fd} k|;j kL8fn] 56\k6fO/x]sL
Pp6L ue{jtL dlxnfsf]
klxrfgsf] rf/ lsNnf 5'6\ofpg]
dfkb08 s] xf]nf <
klxrfgsf] rf/ lsNnf 7f]Sg] lsnfx¿
;bgdf tf]l8Psf s';L{ x'g\
jf, ;8sdf aflnPsf 6fo/ x'g\ <
k9\g gkfPsf jfnssf
slnnf ;kgfx¿ x'g\ ls
cefjn] 56\k6fO/x]sf em'k8Lsf
si6s/ ljkgfx¿ x'g\ <
xf], klxrfgsf lsNnfx¿ g}
klxrfg dflu/x]5g\ .
54 | jf;' zdf{
;Fu} Ao'Fem]sf dgx¿
otf 6f9f k/b]zdf /x] klg elth Û
cfFvfx¿ bf}8fO{ /xG5'
x/]s lbg va/x¿df
b]z xfF;]sf] lrq vf]Hb}
hgtf gfr]sf] b[Zo vf]Hb}
t/, b]V5' vÞa/ leq
b]z 56k6fPsf] syf
/, e]6\5' vÞa/ leq
hgtf lkN;]sf] Joyf
;To o:t} xf] xf]Og dnfO{ hfGg' 5
oyfy{ jofg u/]/ n]v g x} elth Û
ufpFsf] rf}tf/Ldf
ufpFn] hDdf x'g 5f]8] Ú/]
cfˆgf] bf}+t/Ldf
ufpFn]nfO{ g} uGg 5f]8] Ú/]
a?, rf}tf/Lsf] e"uf]n g} kf]
afF8kmfF8 ug{ vf]Hb}5g\ eGg] ;'G5'
/, bf}+t/Lx¿s} lsQf
ljefhg ug{ vf]Hb}5g\ eGg] ;'G5'
dnfO{ hfGg' 5 ;To s] xf]
oyfy{ jofg u/]/ n]v g x} elth Û
lj›f]xsf :j/x¿ p/fNb}
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 55
lxhf] p7]sf nfvf}+ d'7Lx¿
g]kfnLsf] lyof]
/, Gofo / ;dfgtfsf nflu p7]sf lyP
kl/jt{gsf cfsf+Iffx¿ ;d]6\b}
lxhf] Ao'Fem]sf :jfledfgL dgx¿
g]kfnLsf] lyof]
/, zflGt / k|ultsf nflu AoF'em]sf lyP
t/, ;Fu} p7]sf d'7Lx¿ klg
cnu cnu lsQfdf
;g{ yfn] Ú/] eGg] ;'G5'
/, ;Fu} Ao'Fem]sf dgx¿ klg
;fF3'/f] :jfy{df
ljeQm x'g yfn] Ú/] eGg] ;'G5'
dnfO{ hfGg' 5 ;To s] xf]
;To jofg u/]/ n]v g x} elth Û
56 | jf;' zdf{
56\k6fO{ /x]sf dgx¿
ltdLn] ;To eGof} elth Û
cvaf/sf kfgfx¿df dfq}
b]z c6fpg ;Sb}g
b]zsf] dfglrq leq st} s'g} s'gfdf
56\k6fO{ /x]sf dgx¿
cvaf/sf kfgfdf c6fpg kfpFb}gg\
va/ dfq g]tfsf] 5
va/ ;Qfsf] 5
efif0fsf] 5 / zf;gsf] 5
xf], otf k/b]z lt/
efif0f / zf;gsf s'/f dfq}
va/ ag]/ cfOk'U5g\ elth Û
kfl/yf]ssf dflxnf bfO{sf
b'O{ ;Gtfg
:s"n hfg kfPsf 5}gg\ /] eGg] ;'g]sf] x'F
s;}n] ;f]wvf]h u/] u/]gg\
v} ;dfrf/sf x/kmx¿df st} b]lVbg
dfly n]sdf
vgL vf];|L b'Mv ub}{
hLjgofkg ul//x]sL ljwjf lbbL
åGådf k/L nf]Ug] u'dfP/
kl/jt{gsf] cfzfdf eP klg
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 57
cfˆgf nfnfafnf x'sf{pFb} lyOg\
t/ tL aRrf lgZnf]6 Hj/f]n]
ylnPsf 5g\ eGg] ;'g]sf] lyPF
ltgn] l;6fdf]nsf] rSsL kfP kfPgg\
v} cvaf/sf kfgfx¿df st} b]lVbg
ltdLnfO{ s]xL va/ 5 ls <
gePÚlg ;]wvf]h u/]/ n]v g x} elth Û
kl/jt{gsf :j/x¿ p/fNb} p7]sf d'7Lx¿
p7]sf p7\o} rfp/L kg{ yfn] Ú/] eGg] ;'G5'
t/ kl/jt{gsf] gofF ls/0f kf]lvg kfPg Ú/]
cGwsf/ a:tLx¿df
a? zf;g / efif0fsf] v]n d}bfgdf
kl/jt{gsf gfdsf] /fFsfx¿
;f6km]/sf va/x¿ eg] cfO/x]5g\
lbg lbg} ;dfrf/ ag]/
oyfy{ s] s:tf] 5
lylt a]lylt s] s;f] 5
;To jofg u/]/ n]v g x} elth Û
58 | jf;' zdf{
;do ;fIfL 5
d kfgLn] g'xfpF5'
pm cfuf]n] g'xfpF5
a'emfO{ cfˆgf] cfˆgf]
;dem cfˆgf] cfˆgf]
d kfgLn] g'xfpF5'
pm cfuf]n] g'xfpF5 .
d lx8\g] af6f]el/ sfF8f 5g\
d kfgL af]s]/ lx+8\5'
sfF8fdf kfgL vGofpF5'
/, sfF8f g/d x'G5g\
pm lx8\g] af6f]el/ klg sfF8f 5g\
pm cfuf] af]s]/ lx+8\5
sfF8fdf cfuf] vGofpF5
/, sfF8f u/d x'G5g\ .
t/n 5 Sof/] cfuf]
p;sf] b'lgofFdf
pm cfuf]sf] afFw agfpF5
/, cfuf]s} s'nf] rnfpF5
p;n] cfˆgf] s'nf]
ufpFx¿df x'n]sf] 5
zx/x¿df x'n]sf] 5
/, pm cfuf] x'Nb}
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 59
wd{ / cf:yfx¿df l5/]sf] 5
zlQm / ;Qfx¿df 3';]sf] 5
pm ;+;f/el/ 8'n]sf] 5
cfsfzdfu{af6
hndfu{af6
yndfu{af6
pm ;+;f/ 8'ln/x]sf] 5 .
pm cfuf] ;NsfpFb} 8'N5
d p;sf] kl5 kl5
kfgL vGofpFb} 8'N5'
pm km]l/ csf]{ 7fpFdf cfuf] emf]:g k'U5
lk5f ub}{ d k'U5' / kfgL vGofpF5'
;do ;fIfL 5
pm dnfO{ 5n]/ ;+;f/ 8'ln/x]sf] 5
d kfgL vGofpFb} ;+;f/ 8'ln/x]sf] 5' .
pm eG5 – cfuf]n] cfuf] lgE5
d eG5' – cfuf]n] cfuf] lgEb}g km}nG5
d}n] o;f] eGbf pm af]Nb}g
a? c§xf; u/]/ xfF:b5
zfob d}n] p;sf] lbnsf] s'/f u/]+
zfob pm cfuf] km}nfpg rfxG5
cyf{t\ pm cfuf] kmnfpg rfxG5
xf], pm cfuf]sf] lapx¿ /f]Kb}5
cfuf]sf] km;nx¿ leq\ofpFb}5 .
pm cfuf];Fu v]N5
dfgf}+ p;sf] ;+;f/df cfuf] g} cfuf] 5
60 | jf;' zdf{
pm cfuf]n] g'xfpF5
d kfgLdf hLjg b]V5'
d zLtn vf]H5'
d kfgLn] g'xfpF5' .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 61
a;\ ltd|f] nflu
ltdL cfpFb}5\of}
/ t
rxnkxn a9]sf] 5
x]/ t
dfG5]x¿ v'zLn] gfRb}5g\
lbn vf]n]/ xfF:b}5g\
d klg ;Fu;Fu} gfRb}5'
d klg ;Fu;Fu} xfF:b}5' .
cfpm
ltdL cfpg] va/n]
d klg v'zL ePsf] 5' c¿ ;Fu;Fu}
/, kf]xf]/ h:t} o;kfln klg
af6f]el/
z'esfdgfsf] km"n cf]5\ofPsf] 5'
dgel/
;b\efj / k|]dsf] t'n la5\ofPsf] 5'
a;\ ltd|f] nflu .
cfpm
ltdLnfO{ d}n] syfx¿ eGg' 5
dg /f]Psf, r]t x/fPsf
62 | jf;' zdf{
k/fO{ 3';]sf, cfkmGt kmF;]sf
dw]z r's]sf, lxdfn b'v]sf
y'k|} y'k|} syfx¿ 5g\
e"sDkn] agfPsf
k'l/g afFls 3fpx¿sf] Joyf cnUu} 5
ltg} 3fpx¿sf] v]nf]km8\sf] ug]{x¿sf]
lgn{Hh tdfzfsf] ljj/0f klg w]/} 5 .
cfpm
d}n] ltdLnfO{ ;'gfpg' 5
laua]g em:s]sf] syf
l;l/of r:s]sf] Joyf
xf]
ltdL;Fu a;]/ s'/f ub}{
of] dg clnslt xn'sf] kfg{' 5
cfpm
d}n] d]/f] dgsf] cfFugdf
:jfutåf/ 78\ofPsf] 5'
a;\ ltd|f] nflu .
ltdL gofF cfpFb}5\of}
of, gofF ;lhP/ cfpFb}5\of}
ltdL hf] cfpFb}5\of}
d]/L eP/ cfpFb}5\of}
of] dgdf a:g]
d]/L k|]o;L cfpFb}5\of}
of] dgdf gfRg]
ltdL pj{zL cfpFb}5\of}
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 63
cfpm
ltdL / d b'lgofFel/ 3'Dg hfg' 5
lxdfnsf] sfvb]lv ;fu/sf] t6;Dd
pQ/b]lv blIf0f;Dd
k"j{b]lv klZrd;Dd
;a}lt/
;b\efj / k|]dsf] sf];]nL nfg'5
zflGtsf] ;Gb]z klg afF8\g'5
b]Vb}5\of} lg<
a'4sf] cfFugdf
d}n] lbofx¿ afn]sf] 5'
a;\ ltd|f] nflu .
64 | jf;' zdf{
;dosf kmf]sfx¿
dfG5] eG7fG5
pm ;do dfly ;jf/ x'g ;S5
nufd ;dft]/ ;donfO{ xfFSg ;S5
/, ;do ;Fu;Fu}
;kgfx¿nfO{ 8f]¥ofP/ lx+8fpFg ;S5
kmut p;sf] d[ut[i0ff Û
38Lsf ;'O{x¿df
;donfO{ sFHofPsf] 5' klg eG7fG5 dfG5]
t/ pN6} dfG5]nfO{ ;don] sFHofPsf] 5
38Lsf ;'O{x¿df
/, p;nfO{ lx+8fO/x]5
a/f, ljjz ofqL Û
;do / dfG5]
nfU5 b'O{ k|ltåGåL x'g\
t/ :kwf{x¿df ;w}+
;don] lht]sf] 5
/ dfG5]n] xf/]sf] 5
s7}, dfG5]sf] lgolt Û
dfG5]n] g} agfPsf
ljiffQm kmf]sfx¿ km'6fP/
dfG5]nfO{ x/fpg] u/]sf] 5 ;don]
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 65
slxn] 7"nf] kmf]sf
slxn] ;fgf] kmf]sf
/, x/]s k6s ;dosf] kmf]sf km'6\bf
dfG5] sfon ePsf] 5
dfgjtf 3fon ePsf] 5
t/ klg dfG5] r]Tb}g
/, ;dodf kmf]sf agfpg 5f8\b}g
cfˆg} Wj+zsf nflu km'6fpg
Pp6f s7f]/ ;To Û
s'?If]qdf xf];\
jf, Uof; RofDa/df
lx/f]lzdf / gfuf;fsLdf xf];\
jf, l;l/ofsf dfgj a:tLx¿df
Kofn]:6fOgL e"lddf xf];\
jf leotgfdL e"lddf
?s'd, /f]Nkf / bfËdf xf];\
jf gS;njf9L / u'h/ftdf
6\jLg 6fj/df xf];\
jf s]lGh+u6g 6fj/ Ansdf
Dofgr]:6/ Pl/gfdf xf];\ jf n08gla|hdf
Oltxf;b]lv jt{dfg;Dd
hlxn];'s}
of] ;/xbb]lv Tof] ;/xb;Dd
hxfF;'s}
;dosf ljiffQm kmf]sfx¿ km'l6/x]5g\
dfG5]sf lhhLlaiffx¿ lgdf]7\b}
km]l/klg dfG5]
66 | jf;' zdf{
;donfO{ xfFs]sf] 5' eG7fG5
;donfO{ lht]sf] 5' eG7fG5
slt sdhf]/ e|d Û
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 67
hjfkm 5 ls s;};Fu <
xh'/cfdfn]
bGTosyfdf j0f{g ug{'ePsf]
cfsfz hq} d'v afP/ /fIf;n]
ufpFsf ufpF lgn] em}+
cfh km]l/ s] n] xf]<
ufpF lgNb}5
zx/ lgNb}5
kxf8 v:b}5
t/fO{ kmf6\b}5 .
v} kfl/sf] Tof] xfd|f] kfTn] ag <
v} xfd|f] af/Lsf] cfˆg} kFw]/f] <
dgel/ c6];d6]; k|Zgx¿ af]s]/
Pp6f lszf]/
cfˆgL xh'/cfdfnfO{ ;f]W5 –
xh'/cfdf,
tkfO{nfO{ yfxf 5, ljnfPsf lsg xf] <
lar/L xh'/cfdf Û
rf/ aL; gfl3;s]sL a[4f
;a} bfFt km':s]sf] yf]t] d'vleq
efl;Psf cf]+7
/, af/Lsf sfGnfx¿ em}+ t/]nL k/]sf
68 | jf;' zdf{
pgsf rfp/Lx¿ leq
cfˆg} hLjgsf ufyfx¿ t xf]nfg\
b'Mv ;'vsf syfx¿ t xf]nfg\
t/ gftLnfO{ hjfkm s] u/L lbpg\
elG5g\ –
afa',
d s] u/L hfg'F / <
g k9\g', g u'Gg'
g b]Vg', g ;'Gg'
plxn],
kfl/ xfd|f] kfTn] agdf
bfp/fsf] ef/L ldlnSs} k'UYof]
cr]n a'6\ofgsf h/f klg afFls 5}gg\ c/]
s] u/L hf]8\bf x'g\ bfp/f klg
cd[t ;/L dL7f] kfgLsf] d'xfg xfd|f] Tof] kFw]/f]
;'s]/ lxnf] klg afFls 5}g c/]
s] u/L ebf{ x'g\ kfgL klg .
xfdL bfp/f lng ag hfFbf
sflnh, n'O{+r] / 9's'/x¿ p8\y]
x'nsf x'n 5]p 5]j}af6
cr]n t Totf l;gf]df e'ge'gfP em}+
xl/of lem+ufx¿ kf] p8\5g\ c/]
kFw]/fdf kfgL eg{ hfFbf
pNnf;do ;ËLt 5b}{
kw]gL{x¿sf] xfF;f] u'GhGYof]
cr]n t kFw]/fdf klg
dWo/ftdf lkzfrx¿ xfF;] em}+
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 69
lj/Qm z"Gotfsf] c§xf; ;'lgG5 c/]
lsg xf] afa' d s] hfg'F <
sf]xL hfGg]nfO{ ;f]w g x} .
;Gtf]ifk|b hjfkm vf]Hb}5
a/f Tof] lszf]/ Û
ljBfnodf cfˆgf] u'?nfO{ ;f]W5 –
ljiffQm ljls/0fn] hLjg gfz ub}{5 c/]
cf]hf]g txdf Kjfn k/]/
;u/dfyf dfq xf]Og
;du| lxdv08 g} kUnb}5 c/]
tfkqmd a9]/ wtL{sf]
;d:t jfo'd08n g} ljiffQm x'Fb}5 c/]
Psgfz w'jfFx¿ p7]/ wtL{af6}
df};d kl/jt{gsf] eofjx kl/0flt
d?e"lds/0f / afn'jfsf cfFwLx¿
af9L, klx/f] / ;d'›L cfFwLx¿
wtL{ g} ;vfk x'g] xf] ls <
k|no g} cfpg] kf] xf] ls <
x|f;f]Gd'v df6f]sf] pj{/tf
ca cGg kmnfpg] s;/L xf] <
Pp6f cFWof/f] ;'?ª kf] b]lvG5 cufl8
u'?, tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf 5 lsg xf] <
lar/f u'? Û
sIffsf]7fsf] rf}x2Lleq
;s];Dd t k9fPs} x'g\
cfkm";Fu ePsf] 1fg t lbPs} x'g\
70 | jf;' zdf{
t/ rf}x2L aflx/sf] ljzfntfdf km}lnPsf]
cfˆgf] lziosf] lh1fzfnfO{
pgn] klg s] u/L d]6fpg\ / <
eG5g\ –
kf7sf s'/f k9fPs}5'
hfg]sf] 1fg lbPs}5'
afFls ltd|f k|Zg d]/f klg x'g\ afa'
ljåt ju{;Fu ;f]w g x} .
ljåt\ e]nfdf otf cfpFb} ubf{
hjfkmsf] vf]hLdf ef}+tfl/Psf] Tof] lszf]/;Fu
cs:dft af6f]df hDsfe]6 eof]
/, 5tf5'Nn cfˆgf lh1fzf kf]Vb} p;n] ;f]Wof] –
tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf 5, lsg xf] <
Psl5g p;nfO{ x]/]+ lglg{d]if
/, p;sf uxg k|Zg / lh1fzfnfO{ ud]+
k/Gt', gfhjfkm .
t}klg lg/fz kfg{ rflxgF p;nfO{
/, eg]+ –
d klg /fd|f] hflGbg logsf hjfkm
t/ klg lg/fz gag, afa'
Pp6f ljåt e]nfdf hfFb}5' d
y'k|} ljåfgx¿;Fu e]6\b}5' d
ltd|f lh1fzf /flvlbpFnf ToxfF
ltd|f k|Zg ;f]lwlbpFnf ToxfF .
xf], d}n]
p;nfO{ cfZj:t kf/]/ cfPsf] 5'
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 71
p;sf lh1fzf / k|Zg af]s]/ v8f 5'
/, p;}sf nflu ;f]Wb} 5' tkfO{+ ljåfgx¿;Fu
p;}sf] k|Zg – lsg <
hjfkm 5 ls s;};Fu <
hjfkm 5 ls tkfO{+;Fu <
72 | jf;' zdf{
d]/f] sljtf d"R5f{ k¥of]
gkTofpnfg\ dfG5]x¿n]
t/ va/ ;To xf]
d]/f] sljtf d"R5f{ k¥of] .
:j:y lyof] d]/f] sljtf
km"lt{n} lyof] pm
kfvf, kv]/f / r'r'/fx¿
/, ;dy/ kmfF6x¿ 8'Nb}
b]zelQmsf uLtx¿ ufpFb} lyof]
gbLsf ;';fO{
/, hLjgsf dËn w'gx¿df
em'dL em'dL gfRb} kf] lyof]
sfnf] afbndf n's]/ cfPsf
lkzfrsf jfo'n] xfg]/
pm d"R5f{ k¥of]
xf], va/ ;To xf]
d]/f] sljtf d"R5f{ kof]{ .
d}n]
8fFkm] v]Ng] r'r'/fx¿nfO{ a'g]sf] lyPF
do"/ gfRg] kmfF6x¿nfO{ pg]sf] lyPF
d]/f] sljtfdf
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 73
hLjGt l;h{gf lyof] pm
gbL ;';fpg] sGb/fx¿
cfFv} cl8g] 56fx¿
;f}Gbo{sf a'§f agfP/ e/]sf] lyPF
df6f]sf] ;'uGw a6'n]/ klg 5/]sf] lyPF
d]/f] sljtfdf
dgx¿ lhTg cu|;/ lyof] pm
cgfof; Û ltg} lkzfrn] n's]/ xfg]sf]
ljif n]lkPsf] Pp6f tL/
yfx} gkfO{ cfP/ ¥jfDd /f]lkof]
/, pm d"R5f{ k¥of]
xf], ;To oxL xf]
d]/f] sljtf d"R5f{ k¥of] .
ofqfdf lg:s]sf] Pp6f ofqL lyof]
d]/f] sljtf
dfof / z'e]R5fx¿
cfzf e/f];fx¿
;kgfx¿
;'v b'Mvsf ufyfx¿
hLjg ;+3if{sf syfx¿
;a} ;a} s'Dnf] kf/]/ af]s]sf] lyof]
/, pT;fxL kfOnfx¿ rfNb}
ofqfdf lg:s]sf] lyof] pm
k/Gt', uf}+8f uf}+8fdf
zflGt / rogsf a}/Lx¿
n's]/ df}sf 9'ls/x]5g\ eGg]
s] yfxf p;nfO{ <
74 | jf;' zdf{
a]va/ lyof] pm
ltg} /Qmlkkf;'x¿n] crfgs
ljgfzsf/L lj:kmf]6 u/fP
p;sf] 5]j}df
/, pm a]xf]z eof]
va/ ;To xf]
d]/f] sljtf d"R5f{ k¥of] .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 75
anfTs[t zAbx¿
zAbx¿ anfTs[t eO/x]5g\
lg/Gt/
;do eg] 6'n'6'n' x]l//x]5 .
dL7f dL7f efif0fx¿df
cg]s gfdsf zf;gx¿df
anfTs[t eO/x]5g\ zAbx¿
lg/Gt/
/, lgMzAb tL anfTs[t zAbx¿
x/]s anfTsf/sf] ue{wf/0faf6
l;4fGtsf 9f]+ux¿ hGdfO/x]5g\
d[udl/lrsfx¿ hGdfO/x]5g\
;do eg] 6'n'6'n' x]l//x]5 .
;kgf;Fu lhGbuL ;f6]sf x'g\ zxLbx¿n]
t/ ltg} zxLbx¿sf] /utnfO{ g}
cf]5\ofg nfP/
zAbx¿sf] anfTsf/ eO/x]5
/, lgMzAb ltg} anfTs[t zAbx¿
hGdfO/x]5g\
Oltxf;sf sfnf cWofox¿
;do eg] 6'n'6'n' x]l//x]5 .
sndsf k]z]j/x¿ klg r's]gg\
76 | jf;' zdf{
efiffsf 7]s]bf/x¿ klg xRs]gg\
zAbx¿nfO{ anfTsf/ ug{
u/]
ub}{5g\
/, ul//xg] nfddf b]lvG5g\
slxn] of] axfgfdf
slxn] Tof] axfgfdf
v]N5g\ zAbx¿;Fu tL
h]N5g\ zAbx¿nfO{
/, lgMzAb tL anfTs[t zAbx¿
ldTYof :t'ltsf kfgfx¿ hGdfO/x]5g\
cxª\sf/L c;lxi0f'tfsf ufgfx¿ hGdfO/x]5g\
;do eg] 6'n'6'n' x]l//x]5 .
dfG5]sf] hft g xf], /dfPs}5
anfTsf/L eP/ klg gfd sdfPs}5
/, lgMzAb anfTs[t zAbx¿
cy{xLg åGbx¿ hGdfO/x]5g\
nfrf/ kl/jGbx¿ hGdfO/x]5g\
lgl/x ;do eg] 6'n'6'n' x]l//x]5 .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 77
b'O{ o'usf b'O{ kfqx¿
Pp6f o'u lyof]
/, 8fOgf;f]/ lyof]
To; o'usf] Pp6f pGgt kfq
Pp6f ljzfnsfo hLj
p;sf] /fh lyof] /] wtL{df
bGTosyfsf] kfq em}+ pm
syfx¿df jl0f{t 5
/, p;sf] syfsf] k6syf n]v]/
dfG5]n]
hf]/fl;s kfs{df ptf/]sf] 5 p;nfO{
lrqsyfdf ;hfPsf] 5 p;nfO{
8fOgf];f]/sf] Tof] bGTosyf
cyf{t\ p;sf] cGTosyf .
cfh csf]{ o'u 5
/, dfG5] 5
o; o'usf] ;a}eGbf pGgt kfq
Pp6f r]tgzLn hLj
p;sf] /fh 5 cfh wtL{df
k/Gt' ljj]sxLg eP/
cfˆg} cGTosyf n]Vb}5
cyf{t\ cfˆg} cGTosf] k6syf n]Vb}5 .
dfG5]n] n]Vb} u/]sf] k6syfdf
78 | jf;' zdf{
cfsfz 5
/, cfsfzdf Kjfn kg{ yfn]sf] 5
wtL{ 5
/, wtL{ kl;gfn] leHg yfn]sf] 5
cfsfzsf] df}gtf anfTs[t x'Fb}5
wtL{sf] z[Ëf/ a]ws n'l6b}5
dfG5]n] n]Vb} u/]sf] k6syfdf
k|s[ltsf] rL/x/0fsf] Joyf 5
kof{j/0fnfO{ anL lbg] k|yf 5
ljgfzsf] uf}/jzfnL ufyf 5
dfG5] :jod\ vnkfq ag]sf] syf 5
l;h{gzLn kfqx¿sf] e"ldsf sdhf]/ 5
vnkfqx¿sf] e"ldsf ha/h:t 5
/, vnkfqx¿
ljho pGdfbdf cGwf em}+ 5g\
pgLx¿sf] c§xf; ;'lgFb}5
pgLx¿sf] c§xf; r'lnFb}5 .
df5fnfO{ lhpg
gbL, kf]v/L / ;fu/ rflx+b}g cr]n
PSjfl/oddf ;hfP eOxfN5
jGohGt'sf nflu jf;:yfg
ag h+un g} rflx+b}g cr]n
lrl8ofvfgfdf kfn] eOxfN5
Plgd]zgdf ptf/]/ hLjg / hutnfO{
Oltxf;sf] ofqf ub}{5 dfG5]
xf], dfG5] cfˆgf] cGTosyf n]Vb}5
/, ToxL k6syfsf] d~rg ub}{5 .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 79
8fOgf];f]/x¿ / dfG5]x¿
b'O{ o'usf b'O{ kfqx¿
b'O{ cGTosyfsf b'O{ kfqx¿ .
80 | jf;' zdf{
cfhsf] ;fFem
SofS6;sf] dfFem
eJo 5 SofS6; kf6L{
nf} /dfpF ;fyL
cfh sf] ;fFem
SofS6; sf] dfFem .
cf;gdf SofS6;
/f;gdf SofS6;
k]o klg SofS6;
u]o klg SofS6;
xf], eJo 5 SofS6; kf6L{
dHhfn] /dfpg kfOG5
nf} /dfpF ;fyL
cfh sf] ;fFem
SofS6; sf] dfem .
k|r"/ 5 SofS6;
htftt} cr]n
v'a df}nfO/x]sf] 5
df}nfP/ km}ln/x]sf] 5
yl/ yl/sf] SofS6;
/fhgLltlt/ 8'n]sf] kfOG5
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 81
s'6gLlt leq 3'n]sf] kfOG5
xf],
ljrf/x¿df klg
cfrf/x¿df klg
ljiffn' sfF8fx¿n] ;'zf]let
SofS6; eJo 5
/ t eJo 5 SofS6; kf6L{ .
bf]xfp sG;]G6«];g SofDkdf
Aof8 /fv]/ ul/Psf]
SofS6; v]tLn]
kf]Nof08b]lv xNof08;Dd
a]nf?;b]lv Rofg]n cfONof08;Dd
;lj{ofb]lv gj]{;Dd
a]lNhodb]lv k|mfG;;Dd
o"/f]k el/ htft} 9fs]kl5
Plzoflt/ lgof{t eof] cfsfz dfu{af6
/, jlif{of]
lx/f]lzdf / gfufzfsLdf
uf]nf ag]/
xf],
lxhf]b]lv cfh;Dd
hdfgf SofS6;s} /Xof]
/dfgf SofS6;s} eof]
slxn] xl:tgfk'/ t slxn] l6sfk'/
slxn] /fh:yfg t slxn] ckmuflg:tfg
l;l/of xf];\ of sf]l/of
sxfF dfq k'u]g / <
82 | jf;' zdf{
e/v/} dfq ˆnf]l/8flt/ 8'n]5
Dofgr]:6/sf] ;ËLt ;fFemdf em'n]5
3l/ Ptf tfs]sf] va/
3l/ ptf hfs]sf] va/
slxn] ofg r9]/
slxn] Eofg r9]/
SofS6; s} 5 va/
SofS6; s} 5 8u/ .
eG5g\
SofS6; gePsf] dfG5]
cr]n dfG5] xf]Og
SofS6; gksfpg] efG;]
cr]n efG;] xf]Og
t];}n], k|Voft 5
SofS6; kf6L{
…:6f6{/Ú klg SofS6;
…d]g sf];{Ú klg SofS6;
…8]h6{Ú klg SofS6;
ax't} dhf cfpF5 …/]
nf} /dfpF ;fyL
xfdL klg
cfhsf] ;fFem
SofS6;sf] dfFem .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 83
Ps em'Nsf] 3fd / /fdljnf;
s7fª\lu|g] nfdf] /ft kl5
cfsfz 9fls/x]sf
sfnf afbnx¿sf r]kaf6 l5/]/
cfFugdf e/v/} v;]sf]
Ps em'Nsf] 3fd b]v]/
v'zL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g
9'Ss x'g ;s]sf] 5}g
/fdljnf; .
;Sg] eP pm
Tof] Ps em'Nsf] 3fd
c~h'nLdf p7fP/ 3/leq NofO{
lr;f]n] sfFlk/x]sL cfˆgL Kof/L
eluofb]jLnfO{ lbGYof] xf]nf
jf, e/] lr;f] /ftsf] nflu ;fFr]/
6f]s/Ldf /fVYof] xf]nf
lsGt',
ls+st{Joljd'9 /fdljnf;
b}nfsf] 7]nfdf l7Ë pleP/
3l/ 3fdsf] em'Nsf]nfO{ x]5{
3l/ cf]5\ofg k/]sL 3/jfnLnfO{ x]5{ .
em'k8Lsf] r'lxg] 5fgf]af6
r'lxP/ tk tk vl;/x]sf]
84 | jf;' zdf{
zLt yfKg /fv]sf]
6Lgsf] a§faf6 lg:s]sf]
6\jfª\ 6\jfª\ cfjfh
/, lr;f]n] ufFh]/
lgZnf]6 Hj/f] / vf]sLn] l;ls:t
eluofb]jLn] cf]5\ofgdf vf]Sbf lg:s]sf]
Vjfª\ Vjfª\ cfjfh
kfn} kfnf]
p;sf] sfgdf kl//x]s} 5g\ .
w]/} ePsf] 5}g
/fdljnf;sf bf}+t/Lx¿n]
Ps x'n glrg]sf dfG5]x¿;Fu}
;8sdf cfuf] afn]/
/fk tfKg af]nfPsf lyP
pm eg] cfˆgL lj/fdL 3/jfnLnfO{
PSn} 5f8]/ hfg ;s]g
/, kl5 p;n] yfxf kfof]
em'08 em'08 eP/
sxL+ bfp/f afn] /]
sxL+ 6fo/ afn] /]
t/ s7} Û
p;sf bf}+t/Lx¿
ToxL cfuf]n] 89]/ ljt]5g\
wGg pm aFr]5
;Dem]/ 9'Ss efÚYof]
/fdljnf; .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 85
p;sf bf}+t/Lx¿n] cfuf] afn]sf]
Tof] sfnf]kq] ;8s k|lt
p;sf]
g slxNo} rfv eof]
g slxNo} cfz eof]
a?
xf6 ahf/ hfFbf cfpFbf
agL Hofnf ug{ hfFbf cfpFbf
gfª\uf] kfpn] lx+8]sf] 5 pm To;dfly
/, p;sf kfOtfnfdf
y'k|} 7]nfx¿ k/]sf5g\
clg
;8sdf 3'OFs]sf
lrNnf uf8Lx¿;Fu p;n]
w]/} k6s hf]lug' k/]sf] 5
xf], To; ;8sdf
w]/} k6s d[To'n] ghLs} cfP/
lagf s;"/ p;nfO{ wDSofP/ uPsf] 5 .
p;n] b]v]sf] xf]
;8sdf 3'OFlsg] tL uf8Lx¿ leq
;'lsnf dfG5]x¿nfO{
/, p;n] ;'g]sf] xf]
tL ;'lsnf dfG5]x¿
/fli6«o 9's'6L;Dd kx'Fr ePsf
kx'Frjfnf 7"nfa8f dflg;x¿ x'g\ c/] .
a/f Û /fdljnf;
g p;n] slxNo} /fi6«Lo 9's'6L b]v]sf] xf];\
86 | jf;' zdf{
g p;n] slxNo} /fi6«Lo 9's'6L a'em]sf] xf];\
p;n] a'em]sf] p;sf] 9's'6Ldf
k'/fgf k/fn] rs6Ln] 5f]lkPsf
b'O{j6f k'/fgf 6f]s/L 5g\
/, agL u/L sdfPsf] Hofnfn] a];fP/ NofPsf]
yf]/} cGg Pp6fdf /fVg] u5{
yf]/} d/d;nf csf]{df /fVg] u5{
/, pm;Fu c¿ s]xL 5g\ tf
l;n]a/sf s'lRrPsf
b'O{ yfg yfn
Ps yfg s;f}+8L
lvofn] Kjfn kg{ nfu]sf]
Ps yfg s/fxL
/, 5fgf]af6 r'lxPsf] zLt yfKbf
6\jfª\ 6\jfª\ cfjfh lgsfNg]
ToxL 6Lgsf] a§f
a;\ .
/fdljnf; cfˆgf] cfFugdf v;]sf]
Tof] Ps em'Nsf] 3fdnfO{ k'n'Ss x]5{
clg kmls{P/
em'k8L leq Pp6f s'gfdf
c¿n] lbPsf] h8f}/L kftnf] sDan cf]9]/
l5g l5gdf Vjfª\ Vjfª\ vf]Sb}
zLtnx/Lsf] lr;f]nfO{
r'gf}lt lbO/x]sL eluofb]jLnfO{ x]5{
;f]+R5,
ldNg] eP tf
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 87
3fdsf] Gofgf] p7fP/
cfˆgL 3/jfnLnfO{ cf]9fOlbGYof] xf]nf
k/Gt', Tof] 3fdsf] em'Nsf]
cfkm}+ klg lr;f] 5
/, cfsfzdf cem} klg
sfnf afbnx¿ d8fl//x]sf 5g\
xf],
p;sf] cfFugdf e/v/} v;]sf]
Ps em'Nsf] 3fd b]v]/
/fdljnf;
v'zL x'g klg ;s]sf] 5}g
9'Ss x'g klg ;s]sf] 5}g .
88 | jf;' zdf{
slj, skmL / kfgLsf kfOnfx¿
Ps sk tfQftf] skmLsf] r':sL ln+b}
sljtf sf]g{ a:of] slj
t/ a/f Û
sljtf km'g{ gkfpFb}
ux|f}+ cfjfhdf skmL af]Ng yfNof]
p;}nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ .
slj Û
yfxf 5 tFnfO{ <
t]/f] of] Ps sk skmLdf tF
Ps 8]9Þ ;o nL6/ kfgL lkpFb}5;\
s;}sf] kfgLsf] >f]tdf tF
lgw{Ss lhGbuL lhpFb}5;\ .
;f]+r\ t slj
s]jn of] Ps sk skmL dfq xf]Og
jf, skmL agfpg pdfn]sf]
Ps ls6\nL kfgL dfq xf]Og
8]9Þ ;o nL6/ kfgL af/] ;f]+r\
xf],
skmL kmNg] kf6f]df 8'n]sf] kfgL
k|zf]wgzfnfdf lx+8]sf] kfgL
lgof{t k|lqmofdf 3'd]sf] kfgL
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 89
/, of] l;Ëf] ofqfdf rflnPsf
kfgLsf tL kfOnfx¿ af/] ;f]+r\ .
slj Û
t}+n] k;ndf lsGg]
eml/nf] uf]ne]+8f xf];\
jf, :jflbnf] :ofp
cGg xf];\
jf, nQf sk8f
kmNg
aGg
/,
tF;Dd cfOk'Ug
slt lx+8] xf]nfg\
kfgLsf v'§f 6]s]/
sxfF sxfF xf]nfg\
kfgLsf kfOnfx¿
cfFvf vf]n\ slj
/, vf]h\ kfgLsf tL kfOnfx¿ .
dL7f] s'l/nf] v'jfpFb}
k]?sf] kfgL n'Sb}5
s]/fsf sf];f ksfpFb}
Sofd?gsf] wdgL ;'Sb}5
;f]+r]sf] 5;\ slj slxNo} <
cfdfsf] cfFt ;'Sbf
lzz' s] u/L afFRnf <
yfxf 5 slj tFnfO{ <
90 | jf;' zdf{
kof{j/0fLo uf]i7Lsf sfo{kqx¿
/, zf]w ul/Psf zf]wkqx¿
s'g} s'gfdf ;'S;'sfpFb} xf]nfg\
e"d08nsf] a9\bf] tfkqmd, /
df};d kl/jt{gsf kl/R5]bx¿
s'g} kfgfdf r'Sr'sfpFb} xf]nfg\
pk]lIft kfgLsf kfOnfx¿ ;Dem]/ .
skmLsf] s'/f ;'g]/ slj
cjfs eof]
efj's eof]
clg em;Ë eof]
p;n] skmLsf] Tof] skdf
;'Sg yfn]sf kfgLsf >f]t b]Vof]
n'Sg yfn]sf k|f0fLsf cf]t b]Vof]
89\b} u/]sf] ;u/ klg b]Vof]
a9\b} u/]sf] au/ klg b]Vof]
aa08/ t'kmfg b]Vof]
ljgfzsf] pkmfg b]Vof]
/, skmLsf] clGtd r':sL lnP/
h'?Ss p7\b} eGof]
wGojfb skmL Û
ca d nfu]+ x} t
Pp6f ofqfdf
kfgLsf kfOnfx¿ vf]Hb} .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 91
sˆo{" nfu]sf] ;8sdf
;kgfx¿sf] h'n";
8\ofd\ 8\ofd\ 8\ofd\
aGb's k8\s]sf cfjfhx¿;Fu}
esfes\ 9n] ;kgfx¿
;8sdf .
;8sx¿df
htftt} sˆo{"
sˆo{"sf] pNn+3g ub}{
;kgfx¿sf] h'n"z
l5gdf gf/fafhL
l5gdf sf]0f;ef .
cfGbf]lnt ;kgfx¿sf]
Pp6} dfq dfu 5
b'Anf]
kftnf]
d/0ff;Gg cj:yfdf
jiff}{+b]lv
aGbLu[xdf
aGbL hLjg latfO/x]sf]
lgbf]{if
92 | jf;' zdf{
zlQmxLg
hL0f{
/, /f]uu|:t
lgl/x Ps ;kgfsf] l/xfO{ .
Tof] aGbL ;kgf
a/f Û
p;sf] la/fd g} s] lyof] / <
p;n] t kmut rfx]sf] xf]
Ps k]6 vfgf
cfª\ 9fSg] gfgf
/, cf]+t nfUg] 5fgf
p;n]
g ;Qfsf] afU8f]/ lng rfx]sf] xf]
g j}ejdf ljef]/ x'g rfx]sf] xf]
g cfsfz 9fSg rfXof]
g wtL{ xfFSg rfXof]
a;\
p;sf] rfxgf
hLjgsf] w'Sw'sL g/f]lsof];\ eGg] g xf]
ef]sfPsf lzz'x¿nfO{ r';fpg
cfdfsf nfD6f /;fpg kfO/x'g\
em'k|f g} lsg gx'g\ cfFugx¿df
v'zLsf ls/0f jiff{pg kfO/x'g\
clg
efjgfsf] ultnfO{ g5]lsof];\ eGg] g xf]
;'jf; afF8]/ x/ lbzfdf
pT;fxn] 8'Ng kfO/xf];\
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 93
sfjf vfFb} prfO{;Dd
l;h{gfn] p8\g kfO/xf];\ .
gf/f nufpFb} cl3 al9/x]sf]
h'n'z dfly
uf]nLsf k/f{ 5'6\g yfn] kl5
;kgfx¿ ;8sdf 9Ng yfn] kl5
q"m/tfsf] c§xf; u'lGhof]
dfgf}+ aGb'sx¿n] lht]
/, ;kgfx¿n] xf/]
k/Gt', Ps}l5g\
xf], Ps}l5g\df
;8sdf au]sf ;kgfsf /utx¿
/Qm lah ag]/
h'?s\ h'?s\ p7\g yfn]
cljgfzL ;dosf :tDex¿ em}+
Pslqt eP/ ;kgfx¿ km]l/ h'6]
h'n'z hf/L /Xof]
/, Pp6} gf/f 3lGs/Xof]
…aGbL ;kgf l/xf u/Ú .
cfGbf]ng/t ;kgfx¿sf]
c6n ljZjf; 5
ls pgLx¿
Ps lbg
3'F8f 6]sfP/} 5f8\g]5g\
;kgfsf a}/Lx¿nfO{
l/xf u/fO{ 5f8\g]5g\
94 | jf;' zdf{
aGbL ;kgfnfO{
/, hf/L 5
sˆo{" nfu]sf] ;8sdf
sˆo{"sf] cj1f ub}{
;kgfx¿sf] h'n'z
lg/Gt/=== lg/Gt/=== lg/Gt/ .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 95
nfh gefsf] l5d]sL
nfh eg]sf] t
xf]z x'Fbf;Dd g xf]
a]xf]zLdf
g nfh
g ws
g ;t\
g c;t\ .
d]/f] Pp6f l5d]sL 5
k|foM pm a]xf]zLd} x'G5
/, ;jf{Ë gfËf] x'G5
gfË} 8'N5
l5d]sel/
ufpFel/
clg, a]xf]zLd}
cfsfzlt/ kmls{P/ y'S5
/, x]l//xG5 cfsfz lt/}
p;sf] y's
p;}sf] cg'xf/df v:5
clg cfˆgf kmf]xf]/L xTs]nfx¿n]
cg'xf/ k':5
km]l/ y'S5
km]l/ k':5 .
Tof] d]/f] l5d]sL
96 | jf;' zdf{
c¿sf] 3/nfO{
cfˆgf] xf] eg]/ bfjL u5{
cl:t
d]/f] 3/nfO{
cfˆgf] xf] eg]/ bfaL u¥of] p;n]
d]/f] v]taf/L
d]/f] afnLgfnL
d]/f] wtL{
d]/f] cfsfz
;a} p;sf] cfˆgf] xf] eg]/ bfaL u¥of]
nfh gePsf] na:t/f]
cfFugdf gfË} 8'N5
a? b]Vg]nfO{ nfh x'G5
p;nfO{ x'Fb}g
nfh eg]sf] t
xf]zdf x'Fbf g xf]
dft nfu]/
pm eg] ;w}+ a]xf]zLdf aa{/fO/x]sf] x'G5 .
cfˆgf l5d]sLsf] 3/df 9'Ëf klg xfG5 pm
kfun h:tf]
t/ ;2] 5' eG7fG5 cfkm"nfO{
/
dflQPsf] ;fF9] em}+
lagf sf/0f l;Fuf}/L v]N5
;fFw l;dfgf ldr]/ dhf lnG5
clg
cfˆgf l5d]sLx¿nfO{
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 97
ufnL u5{
;/fK5
wDSofpF5
cl:t e/v/ klg
b'O{ l5d]sLnfO{ wDSofP5
c¿nfO{ t klxn]b]lv g} wDSofpFb} cfPsf] xf]
of] p;sf] s:tf] dft xf]
s:tf] a]xf]zLkg xf]
g nfh
g ws\
g ;t\
g c;t\
nfh eg]sf] t
xf]z x'Fbf;Dd g xf]
pm eg] ;w}+
a]xf]zL d} x'G5 .
98 | jf;' zdf{
df5fsf] kf]i6df6]{d
;d'›L lsgf/fdf
Pp6f df5fsf] kfly{j z/L/
;d'›L 5fnx¿n] ˆofFlslbP5g\
;vf/}
dfG5]x¿nfO{ ;f]Wb}
lsg <
p;sf] csfn d[To' lsg <
5fnx¿sf]
cyf{t\, ;d'›sf]
k|Zgsf] hjfkm vf]Hb}
kf]i6df6]{d ug{ h'6]sf ljz]if1x¿n]
p;sf] d[To'sf] sf/0f
b'lgofFnfO{ ;'gfpFbf
b'lgofF :tJw
b'lgofF em;Ë
t/ dfG5] <
df5fsf] k]6df e]l6Psf]
Knfl:6ssf] 8Nnf]
Unf;sf wfl/nf 6'qmfx¿
clg
RofltPsf] 3fF6Lsf] g;f
km'6]sf /QmgnLx¿
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 99
clS;hg 5fGg] lunsf] hfnLdf
/;fog / sfj{gsf cjz]ifx¿
d[To'sf sf/0fx¿
xf],
Knfl:6s, Unf;sf 6'qmfx¿
/, k|b"lift kfgL
df5fsf] d[To'sf sf/0fx¿ .
kf]:6df6]{dsf] l/kf]6{ ;'g]/
lxdfndf otL eml:sof]
cfˆgf] lxdfnnfO{ lgofNb}
clg
lxdfn cf/f]xLx¿n] ˆofFs]/ y'lk|Psf
Knfl:6s / Unf;sf 8ª\u"/x¿ x]b}{
uf}r/0fdf ufO{ cflQof]
3fF;sf] a'emf];Fu} rkfP/ lgn]sf]
Knfl:6ssf] y}nf] ;lDemb}
hnr/x¿ cQflnP
b'lift x'g yfn]sf] cfˆgf] hnf>o 5fDb}
v]t / af/Lsf kf6fx¿df
afnLgfnLsf af]6 la?jfx¿ tl;{P
/;fogn] rfld|g yfn]sf] df6f]df
sdhf]/ x'g yfn]sf h/fx¿ ;'D;'DofpFb}
xf],
r/fr/ hut eml:sof]
;d'›, wtL{ / cfsfz ;a} tl;{P
t/ dfG5] <
nfU5,
dfG5]sf] r]t cem} v'n]sf] 5}g
100 | jf;' zdf{
pN6}
cfˆgf cjflG5t sd{x¿n]
hn, yn / jfo'nfO{
la6'NofO/x]5 lg/Gt/
/,
df5fsf] kf]:6df6]{d l/kf]6{ klg
dfG5]sf nflu eg]
cf–cfˆgf] :jfy{sf] rf;f] ag]sf] 5
cf–cfˆgf] s'/f a'Gg] xtf;f] ag]sf] 5
a/f Û dfG5]
cfˆg} cl:tTj dflysf] vt/f k|lt
a]va/ em}+
cgb]vf ub}{5 cem}
pm
r]tgzLn k|f0fL c/]
km]l/ klg
r]tgfs} v]nf]km8\sf]df /dfO/x]5
pm
ljj]szLn k|f0fL c/]
t/ klg
ljj]snfO{ g} gh/aGbL agfO/x]5
xf], ljj]snfO{ gh/aGbL agfO/x]5 .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 101
d':sfpg] axfgf lbG5' d
dgsf] cfsfz l;Ë}
dnfO{ b]pm elGbg d
cfsfzdf pbfpg]
3fd jf h"g klg Psnf}6L
dnfO{ b]pm elGbg d
s]jn
3fdsf] ;fgf] em'Nsf] / Gofgf] kf/
h"gsf] clnslt rxs / zLtn wf/
dnfO{ lbP k'U5
a;\ .
j;Gt ofdsf
gj kNnljt cfFs'/fx¿ h:t}
cfFvfel/ lhGbuLnfO{ x]g{ dg nfu]sf] 5 dnfO{
ltd|f] ;fldKosf] c8]; nufP/
cfgGbsf] lzv/df pleP/
;dosf lrqx¿ x]g{ dg nfu]sf] 5 dnfO{
ltd|f] :kz{sf] cfFrn ;dfP/
dgsf] ulx/fO{df ltdLn] ;Fufn]/ /fv]sf
/x/x¿af6 yf]/} /x/ dnfO{ klg k}+rf] b]pm g n
;Q]
km"nsf ;'jf;x¿df 8'Ng] ltd|f /x/x¿nfO{
k6Ss} /f]Sg rfxGg
102 | jf;' zdf{
a?
atf;sf nofn' ;';]nLx¿ a6'n]/
ltd|f] kf]N6fdf
vGofpg rfxG5' d .
ltd|f kbrfkx¿df
l;Ëf] w/fsf] ;ËLt ;dflxt ePsf] kfPsf] 5'
To;}af6 yf]/} w"g l6k]/ eb}{
d}n] klg t lhGbuLsf] uLt ufPsf] 5'
OG›]0fLn] sf]/]sf af6fx¿df ltdL lx+8\b} ubf{
ltd|f kfOnfx¿af6 /ª\ux¿ p7fP/ 3f]Nb}
dgsf] Sofgef;df
d}n] agfPsf] ltd|f] ;'Gb/ t:jL/
ltdLn] b]v]s} 5\of} lg
ltd|f v'zLsf t/ª\ux¿df
;+;f/} hudufpg] cfef v]ln/xFbf
ToxL+af6 clnslt pHofnf] l6k]/
d}n] klg t lhGbuLsf uf]/]6f vf]h]sf] 5'
ltg} uf]/]6fdf ofqf ub}{ ub}{
cg'e"ltsf kfgfx¿df
d}n] /r]sf efjflt/]s sfJosf x/km
ltdLn] k9]s}5\of} lg
cfpm g n
Psl5g\ ;Ë} a;]/
ltdL klg uLt u'gu'gfpm
ltdL klg sljtf ;'gfpm
ltd|f cf]+7sf sDkgx¿n]
:jR5Gb p8fg lnPsf] x]g{ rfxG5' d
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 103
ltd|f d'6'sf :kGbgx¿n]
k|eftsf efsf af]n]sf] ;'Gg rfxG5' d .
ltdLnfO{ ;Demgf xf]nf g}
d}n] tf la;{g ;s]sf] 5}g
ltdLnfO{ ;fIfL /fv]/
dnfO{ lh:SofO{ /xg] tL knx¿
clg ltdLnfO{ st} n'sfP/
dnfO{ em:sfO{ /xg] tL 5nx¿
xf],
ltg} ;Demgfsf t/]nLx¿df
ltdL;Ë} a;]/
dHhfn] /dfpg dg nfu]sf] 5 dnfO{
k|]dLn cfefifsf km"nx¿ r9fP/
ltd|f] d':sfgnfO{ ;hfpg dg nfu]sf] 5 dnfO{
cfpm
ltdL s]jn Ps kn b]pm
l;Ë} hdfgf lbG5' d
ltdL a;\ d':sfO{ b]pm
d':sfpg] axfgf lbG5' d .
104 | jf;' zdf{
o:t} kf] xf] ls lhGbuL
s]xL /f]hfO{
s]xL ef]ufO{
yl/yl/sf cg'e"lt
cg]s yl/sf k|j[lQ
slxn] tn slxn] dfly
dlRrPsf] rfsfr'nL h:tf]
slxn] otf slxn] ptf
xfjfn] xNnfPsf] kft h:tf]
o:t} kf] xf] ls lhGbuL .
sf]xL Oltxf; n]V5g\
sf]xL e"uf]n b]V5g\
t/ d}n] g Oltxf; n]v]+
g Oltxf;n] dnfO{ n]Vof]
g d}n] e"uf]n b]v]+
g e"uf]nn] dnfO{ 5]Sof]
a;\
/x/x¿sf] d]nf nfU5 dgleq
cfsfz rfxfg]{ ;kgfx¿ ;hfP/
cfsf+Iffx¿n] a]u df5{g\ rf/}lt/
wtL{ 8'Ng] clenfiffx¿ ;Fufn]/
k/Gt'
g uGtJo Ps 5
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 105
g 1ftJo Ps 5
k]ml/ klg ofqf hf/L 5
38Lsf] ;'O{ e}+m
6s 6s 6s 6s clj/fd
s]xL ug]{ c7f]6 ;lxt
ul//xg] c7f]6 ;lxt
o:t} kf] xf] ls lhGbuL .
sf]xL lhGbuLnfO{ dfofn] ;hfP\/ xfF:b5g\
sf]xL eg] kmut 3[0ff cFufn]/ afFRb5g\
dfof / 3[0ff, s?0ff / s6'tf
lsg ufFl;G5g\ o;/L ;Fu;Fu} <
lbg / /ft e}+m
3fd / 5fofF e}+m
o:t} kf] xf] ls lhGbuL .
zlSt pGdfbdf /dfpg]x¿nfO{
lhGbuLs} dft nfu]sf] xF'bf] xf]
/,
ToxL gzfn] pGdQ eP/
;TonfO{ 5f]Kg vf]H5g\
e"m7nfO{ /f]Kg vfH5g\
s'lT;t :jfy{sf] u|GyL cf]sn]/
Oltxf;nfO{ pN6fpg vf]H5g\
e"uf]nnfO{ kN6fpg vf]H5g\
ltgsf lglDt zfob
pgLx¿sf] lhGbuL r}+ lhGbuL xf]
c¿sf] lhGbuL r}+ lhGbuL g} x}g
106 | jf;' zdf{
dfgf}+
efOrf/f / ;xcl:tTj
ltgsf] zAbsf]zdf 5}g
;Ddfg / ;befj
ltgsf] /Stsf]ifdf 5}g
5 t s]jn 3d08n] 89]sf] cg'xf/
d eg]
j;Gtsf gofF cfFs'/f e}+m
x/]s ljxfg gofF lhGbuLdf JoF'lemg] u5{'
s~rg lxdfnsf] 6fs'/f e}+m
:jfledfgsf] prfO{df plSng] u5{'
cflv/
cf–cfˆgf] kl/efiff g xf]
cf–cfˆgf] clenfiff g xf]
zfob
o:t} kf] xf] ls lhGbuL .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 107
af6f] la/fPsf] af6f]
af6f]n] g} cfˆgf] af6f] la/fP/
cGoq} uP5
lx8\b} hfFbf
eGHofË e]l6Pg
Bf}/fnL b]lvPg
rf}tf/L k'luPg .
d]/f af eGg'x'GYof]
5f]/f Û
cfˆgf] uGtJodf k'Ug' 5 eg]
d"naf6f] g5f]8L lx8\g"
slxn] psfnf] t slxn] cf]/fnf]
slxn] ;dy/ t slxn] le/fnf]
st} 3'DtL x'Fb} hfnf
st} rf]/af6f] e]l6Pnf
sxL+ af6f] ldl;Pnf
sxL+ bf]af6f] klg cfpnf
cndndf gk/L nIolt/ nDsg"
eGHofË, Bf}/fnL / rf}tf/Lx¿ x'Fb}
d"naf6} d"naf6f]af6 hfg" .
lsGt',
d]/f ;';]nLx¿df ;';]nL ld;fpg]
rf}tf/Lsf tL a/ kLknx¿
108 | jf;' zdf{
ckfos y'DsLdf pleP/ cr]n
af6f] la/fPsf] af6f]sf]
lgl/x bz{s alg/x]5g\
d}n] ;kgfx¿df lehfP/ r9fPsf 9'Ëfsf
tL Bf}/fnLx¿
sfF8]emf8L leq kmut 9'Ëfsf] y'k|f] eP/ cr]n
ToxL af6f] la/fPsf] af6f]sf]
kl/ToQm ljut alg/x]5g\
xf],
cf]em]ndf k/]sf] 5 d"naf6f]
otf st} b]lv+b}g
rf/}lt/ rf]/af6f]x¿sf] hfnf] km}lnPsf] 5
/, rf]/af6f]x¿df yl/yl/sf ofqLx¿
;nanfO/x]5g\ .
dfG5]sf] r]t x/fPsf] xf]
jf, r]t ePsf] dfG5] x/fPsf] xf]
htftt}
r]t g} cr]t cr]t klN6Psf] b]lvG5
/,
cr]t dfG5]x¿
s7} Û tL lbUe|ldt ofqLx¿
ef}+tfl/Psf b]lvG5g\
le8df 7]nd7]n ub}{
ptf
kNnf] kf6f]df
k/
cnUu}
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 109
PSn}
l7Ë plePsf]
lvGg
b'MvL
Pp6f a'9f] v/Lsf] ?v eg]
af6f] la/fPsf] af6f]sf
ltg} ofqLx¿sf] b'lg{oltnfO{
6'n'6'n' x]g{ ljjz 5
cfˆgf] hjfgLsf lbgx¿ ;lDem+b} .
l;h{gfx¿ km'nfpFb} dudufpg]
lhGbuLx¿ d':s'/fpFbf d':s'/fpg]
df6f];Fu ldt]/L nufO{
af6f];Fu lhl:s/xg]
ofqLx¿nfO{ lh:SofO/xg]
;do :tDe em}+
af6f] dfly l8ndf plePsf]
7"nf] r'Rr] 9'Ëf]
emf]qmfO/x]sf] 5 cr]n
lk|o df6f]sf]
cl:dtf dfly v]naf8 ub}{
if8\oGqsf b'u{Gwx¿åf/f
anfTsf/ eO/x]sf] b]Vbf
dgdf nfu]sf] 3fpsf] vf6f] ;'d;'DofpFb}
pm
kL8fsf] cfFz'n]
kl/ToSt d"naf6f] lehfO/x]5
ToxL d"naf6f]
110 | jf;' zdf{
hf]
lr/flr/f eO{ kmf6]/
kl/>dL sldnfsf nZs/x¿
x/]s lbg
kmf6]sf whfx¿df
lanfpg] ub{5g\
xf], Tof] r'Rr] 9'+Ëf]
kmf6]sf tL cnu cnu rf]O6fx¿df lx8\g]
uGtJoxLg ofqLx¿sf] cl3lNt/ b]lvg]
cFWof/f] ;'?Ësf]
cd"s ;fIfL alg/x]sf] 5
leh]sf cfˆgf cfFvfx¿ k'5\b} .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 111
cr]n ;flxTo la/fgf] eP5
kl;gfsf yf]kfx¿;Fu}
tk\ tk\ v:g] uy]{ sfJosf a'Fbx¿
cr]n kl;gfsf yf]kfx¿
sfJo;Fusf] lj5f]8df
PSnfPSn}
la/xsf ;':s]/f xfNb}
;'FS;'sfO/x]sf e]l6G5g\
v]tsf ux|fx¿df
af/Lsf kf6fx¿df
psfnL cf]/fnLx¿df
t/fO{sf] 6G6nfk'/ 3fddf
hLjg sdfO/x]sf
sfFwx¿df
lk7\o"Fx¿df
/, o;/L
cnkq 5f]8]/ kl;gfsf yf]kfx¿nfO{
sfJosf x/kmx¿ eg]
:jfy{sf] s'De d]nf eb}{
la/f]w / ;dy{gsf] rfsfr'nLdf /dfpg
n';'Ss nl:sP5g\
lbzfxLg uGtJolt/
uGtJoxLg lbzflt/ .
kmfnLn] kf/]sf l;ofx¿df
112 | jf;' zdf{
cGgsf lahx¿;Fu} /f]lkP/
afnL;Fu;Fu} em'Ng] uy]{
cfVofgsf nxnxfpFbf afnfx¿
b]lv+b}gg\ tL To;/L em'n]sf cr]n
clg
ag kfvfdf
u'F/f; / ;'gufef;Fu
lhl:sg] a}+;fn' cfVofgx¿ klg
e]l6+b}gg\ cr]n Totf sxL+
zfob
k/b]lzg]x¿sf] nZs/df plePsf 5g\
ltgn] /dfpFb} xf:g] v]Ng]
sfuhsf d}bfgx¿ l/Qf] b]lvG5g\
ltgsf] ult;Fu} bf}l8g]
sndsf lgjx¿ klg ;'Vvf eP5g\
xf],
cr]n cfVofgx¿ a;fO{+ ;/]5g\
cGt} 6f9f st}lt/
d"n ynf]af6 cGt}lt/ .
sf]/L af6L u/]sf
b'O{ r'N7Ldf
nx/fpg] uy]{
tGg]/L pd]/sf ;'l/nf efsfx¿
58\s] k/]/ 9Ns]sf
9fsf 6f]kLsf t/]nLdf
lrKn]6L v]Ng] uy]{
a}+;fn' josf k|]ldn uLtx¿
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 113
nf]s nosf] ;fu/df
x]ln+b} /dfpg] uy]{
dfbn', ;f/ËL / d'r{'+ufsf w'gx¿
t/ cr]n
uLt ;ËLtx¿
dfbn'sf] 3g 3g
;f/ËLsf] l/l6ª\ l/l6ª\
/, d'r{'+ufsf] ¥ofO{+ ¥ofO{+sf] af6f] x]/]/
bf]af6f] s'l//x]sf] e]l6G5g\
jf,
6f9f k'u]/ dw'/f] x'g yfn]sf
ltg} cfˆgf w'gx¿nfO{ af]nfpFb}
eGHofË, rf}tf/L / y'DsLx¿df pleP/
lrRofO/x]sf] ;'lgG5g\ .
s] sfJo s] cfVofg
s] uLt s] ;ËLt
cg]s ¿kdf b]vf k5{g\
ax'¿kL em}+ tL tf
cfˆgf] :jMTj lal;{P/
x]Ssf /x]g ltgnfO{ cfˆgf] klxrfgsf]
cfˆg} 3/ bnfg lal;{P ltgn]
lrl;Psf cFu]gf r'Nxf lal;{P
b'v]sf] 5ftL
em/]sf] cfFz'
cfdfsf] hL0f{ dh]qf]
afsf xftdf p7]sf 7]nfx¿
;a} lal;{P5g\ ltgn]
114 | jf;' zdf{
c¿ t c¿
cfkm}+ v]Nb} x'ls{Psf
cfFug lal;{P
cfkm}+ lx8\g] u/]sf
af6f lal;{P
tL ca cs}{ eO;s]5g\
xf],
cr]n ;flxTo cs}{ eP5
;flxTo la/fgf] eP5 .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 115
d[To'sf kfOnfx¿
;'g;fg 5g\
;8sx¿
rsdGg 5g\
a:tLx¿
k/Gt'
lrTsf/x¿ ;'lgFb}5
ltg} ;'g;fg ;8s
/, rsdGg a:tLx¿af6
lhhLljiffx¿sf] .
dgx¿ cftlÍt 5g\
sxfnLnfUbf] ;do;Fu
;do :jod\ klg 6Ss cl8Psf]
efg x'Fb}5
8/fP/ ;Ggf6f;Fu
3fOt] ag]sf] 5 dfgj r]tgf
/,
1fg, lj1fg cf} k|1fg
pleP/ Ps} 7fpFdf
dgnfO{ ;'D;'Dofpg vf]Hb} 5g\
km]l/ klg
dfG5]x¿
ql;t 5g\
116 | jf;' zdf{
cfFkm};Fu
d[To'sf] ss{; cGtWj{lg;Fu .
zfob Oltxf;df klxnf] rf]l6 dfG5]
xf] klxnf] rf]l6
olt w]/} 8/fPsf] 5
;"Id sl0fsfx¿;Fu
ultjfg eP/ e"uf]n rfxfl//x]sf
d[To'sf kfOnfx¿;Fu .
cFWof/f] ;'?ª\ em}+ nfU5g\ lbgx¿
cgs06f/ eL/ em}+ nfU5g\ /ftx¿
PsfGtaf; lbgrof{ ag]sf] 5
;fldKosf cg'e"ltx¿
bGTosyfdf jl0f{t eP em}+ efg x'G5
dfG5] afWo ePsf] 5
b"/Lsf tuf/fx¿ 78\ofpg
3/, 6f]n, uNnL / a:tLx¿df
k"mª\sf/ dfb}{ 8'ln/x]sf
d[To'sf kfOnfx¿nfO{ 5]Sg] cEof;df
dfgf}+
dfG5] o'4 df]rf{df t}gft 5
Pp6f ce"tk"j{ o'4
Pp6f ckl/eflift o'4 .
clgZrosf] afbn d8fl//x]sf] 5 cfsfzdf
d[To'sf] sx/ km}ln/x]sf] 5 wtL{df
tyflk
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 117
j;Gtsf] cjt/0f;Fu}
gofF kfn'jfx¿ knfpg r's]sf 5}gg\
gofF k"mnx¿ k'mNg e'n]sf 5}gg\
gofF cfzfx¿ cª\s'/fpg 5f]8]sf 5}gg\
cfkmGt / lk|ohg u'd]sf ;':s]/fx¿;Fu}
cf]7x¿ lhGbuLsf uLt ufO/x]5g\
xftx¿ tfnLn] cfTdan afFl8/x]5g\
dfG5]x¿nfO{ ;r]t u/fpFb} –
dfG5] xf]
tuf/fx¿ alnof] u/L nufpm x}
d[To'sf kfOnfx¿nfO{ /f]s x}
ltdLn] Pp6f o'4 lhTg' kg]{5
ljgf o'4sf] o'4
eo;Fusf] ck"j{ o'4
cb[Zo;Fusf] cgf}7f] o'4 .
118 | jf;' zdf{
s;nfO{ wGojfb lbpFm <
cr]n
clnslt cfsfz v'nf ePsf] 5 …/]
clnslt jfo' ;kmf ePsf] 5 …/]
clnslt kfgL ;ª\nf] ePsf] 5 …/]
clnslt df6f] v'zL ePsf] 5 …/]
s;nfO{ wGojfb lbpFm <
dfG5]nfO{ lbpFm
ls sf]/f]gfnfO{ <
dfs'/fn] 5f]8]sf] l/Qf] hfnf] em}+
uNnL / rf]sx¿sf] hfnf]df
ndtGg klN6Psf vfln ;8sx¿
g uf8L g w'jfF / Wjlg
g t nsf]{ g t emsf]{
To;}n] zfob
3/sf w'/Ldf a;]/ k/]jfx¿
l5gl5gdf cfFvf lemdlemd kfb}{5g\
l5gl5gdf v'zLn] gfRb}5g\
tL k/]jf uDbf x'g\
cxf] Û o:tf] klg lbg cfpFbf] /x]5
uf8Ln] klg lj>fd kfpFbf] /x]5
tL k/]jf ;f]Rbf x'g\
ca eg]
v'nf cfsfz rfxb}{
;kmf xfjfdf sfjf vfg
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 119
kfOPnf h:tf] 5
:jR5 jfo'd08ndf ufgf
ufOPnf h:tf] 5
clg tL ;f]Wbf x'g\ Ps cfk;nfO{
s;nfO{ wGojfb lbpmF <
dfG5]nfO{ lbpFm
ls lj>fd lnPsf uf8LnfO{ <
ptf /fhdfu{x¿nfO{
d[u, do"/ / sf]OnLx¿n]
eo/lxt eO{
g[Tod08k agfpg yfn]5g\
otf a:tLx¿ leq l5/]/
:ofn / ˆofp/fx¿n]
lgM;+sf]r cfˆgf]
v]nd}bfg agfpg yfn]5g\
cfsfzdf p8\g] r/Lx¿
hxfhdf 7f]lSsg] hf]lvd sd x'Fbf
:jR5Gb eP/ p8\g yfn]5g\
kfgLdf a:g] hnr/x¿ klg
kfgLhxfhsf] lyrf]ldrf] sd x'Fbf
lge{otfsf ;fy 8'Ng yfn]5g\
of] s:tf] kl/l:ylt xf] <
cg's"ntf xf] ls k|lts"ntf <
;xL eO/x]5 ls unt <
dfG5] / k|s[ltsf]
cf–cfˆg} kl/efiff xf]nfg\
cf–cfˆg} lh1f;f xf]nfg\
k/Gt'
k|s[lt ;f]+Rbf] xf]
120 | jf;' zdf{
o:tf] cj;/sf nflu
s;nfO{ wGojfb lbpFm <
dfG5]nfO{ lbpFm
ls dfG5]sf] ljifd kl/l:yltnfO{ <
slt eP ;]ldgf/ slt ;Gwfg
slt eP cleofg slt cfXjfg
t}klg
kof{j/0fLo Ifo /f]lsPg
k[YjLsf] eo ;lsPg
t/ clxn] crfgs
sf]/f]gfn] ysf{P/ crfgs
dfgj ultljlw 7Kk x'Fbf
k|b"if0fdf sdL eP5
/,
Pp6f cK7\of/f] ;dodf
o'ufGtsf/L ;Gb]z cfP5 dfG5]nfO{
;don] ultnf] kf7 k9fP5 dfG5]nfO{
dfG5] xf] Û
ltd|f ultljlwx¿ k|lt
;hu x'G5f} ls ca t <
dfG5] xf] Û
;doaf6 kfPsf] kf7 k|lt
;r]t x'G5f} ls ca t <
/, o; 38L
jftfj/0fsf] Ps lkTsf] ;'wf/sf nflu
s;nfO{ wGojfb lbpmF <
dfG5]nfO{ lbpFm
ls kf7 k9fpg] ;donfO{ <
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 121
åGå/t k/fhox¿
åGå Û
xfo åGå ÛÛ
s;n] lhTof] <
s;n] xf¥of] <
dfgjtf IftljIft ePsf] 5
x/]s ad k8\s]sf a]nf
dfgj ;Eotf cfxt ePsf] 5
x/]s aGb's k8\s]sf a]nf
åGå Û
xfo åGå ÛÛ
s;n] lhTof] <
s;n] xf¥of] <
cxª\sf/sf] anft\ uef{wfgaf6
hlGd/x]5g\ k/fhox¿
/, åGå/t 5g\ cfk;df
k/Gt',
ltg} åGå/t k/fhox¿
ljhosf] e|dn] pGdQ 5g\
ljho pNnf; dgfO/x]5g\ .
rsdGg /ftdf
122 | jf;' zdf{
lgbfO/x]sf] dfgj a:tLdf
ad kl8\sP/ crfgs
b'w] afnsb]lv j[4j[4f
6'qmf6'qmf eO{ dfl/+bf
s;n] lhTof] <
s;n] xf¥of] <
d~rdf 3lGsPsf] ;ËLt ;fFemdf
/dfO/x]sf] bz{s bL3f{df
uf]nLsf k/f{ jlif{P/ crfgs
lgbf]{if lszf]/ lszf]/Lx¿sf nfz 9Nbf
s;n] lhTof] <
s;n] xf¥of] <
lsg lg/Gt/ 9ln/x]5 lhhLljiff <
elgb]cf];\ g dnfO{ ljwftfn]
s] xf] xf/ / hLtsf] kl/efiff <
cYof{Ob]cf];\ g dnfO{ 1ftfn] .
ef]sd/L / /f]un]
csfnd} dg{' kg]{x¿sf] lgolt
hLt xf] ls xf/ xf] <
cGofo, lje]b / lj;Ëlt
hLt xf] ls xf/ xf] <
kl/efiff 5 ls s'g} zAbsf]zdf <
Pp6f ofqLn] uGtJo;Dd
lgw{Ss lx+8]/ k'Ug kfpg' kg]{ xf]
t/ af6f] 9's]/ ToxL klysnfO{ dfbf{
dfg]{sf] ljho ePsf] cxF d}n] t b]lvg
a? p;n] xf/]sf] 5
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 123
p;sf] ljj]s
p;sf] dfgjLo ;+j]bgf
/, p;sf] dfgj rf]nfsf] cy{
xf],
p;n] xf/]sf] 5
dfG5] x'g'sf] cy{ .
dfgjLo lxtsf nflu ul/Psf cfljisf/x¿
dfG5]s} lj?4 b'¿kof]u x'Fbf
dfgjLo sNof0fsf nflu hGd]sf cf:yfx¿
dfG5]s} lj?4 nlIft x'Fbf
dfgjLo pTyfgsf nflu k|ltkflbt l;4fGtx¿
dfG5]s} lj?4 b'/fjnDjg x'Fbf
sxfF eof] ljho <
s;sf] eof] ljho <
a;\ k/fhox¿ hlGd/x]5g\
s]jn k/fhox¿
/, cfk;df åGå/t 5g\ ltg} k/fhox¿
lj8Dagf Û
e|dsf] em08f prfn]/
ljhof]Nnf; dgfO/x]5g\ ltg} k/fhox¿ .
124 | jf;' zdf{
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5
dgnfO{ ub\ub\ kfb}{
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5 .
dhf lng]x¿sf] :jfb cf–cfˆg} 5
dhf lng'sf] rfv klg cf–cfˆg} 5
s;}nfO{ a]:;/L s'/f 9fF6\bf dhf cfpF5
s;}nfO{ c¿sf] s'/f sf6\bf dhf cfpF5
s;} s;}nfO{ eg] O{dfg ;f6\bf dhf cfpF5
s;}nfO{ lg;+sf]r tn'jf rf6\bf dhf cfpF5
h;/L xf];\
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5
dgnfO{ ub\ub\ kfb}{
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5 .
Psy/L dfG5]x¿ 5g\ hf]
c¿nfO{ v;fpg kfP eg] /dfpF5g\
/, dhf lnG5g\
csf{y/L dfG5] klg 5g\ hf]
c¿nfO{ kmF;fpg kfpFbf a]xb} /dfpF5g\
/, dhf lnG5g\
sf]xL c¿nfO{ ysf{P/ dhf lnG5g\
sf]xL kmsfP/ dhf lnG5g\
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 125
h] u/]/ xf];\
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5
dgnfO{ ub\ub\ kfb}{
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5 .
dfnfn] k'l/P/ /dfpg]x¿nfO{
slt dhf cfpFbf] xf]
zAbdf eGg ;lsGg
To:tf dhflwsf/Lx¿
slt x'Fbf x'g\
;+Vof tf]s]/ uGg ;lsGg
dfnfn] lylrP/
d~rdf uhSs k/]/ a:b}
5ftL km'nfFbfsf] dhf
cfxf Û emg\ slt dhf slt dhf
dfnfsf] af]em yfDg g;Sbf
cfˆgf cf;]kf;]n]
yfldlb+bfsf] dhf cs}{ dhf
h] xf];\ h:tf] xf];\
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5
dgnfO{ ub\ub\ kfb}{
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5 .
s';L{df a:g kfpFbfsf] dhf
ct'No dhf
s';L{df a:g]x¿ b]v]/ yfxf x'G5
s';L{df a;]/ wfs hdfpFbfsf] dhf
cd"No dhf
126 | jf;' zdf{
wfs hdfpg]x¿ b]v]/ yfxf x'G5
/,
ToxL dhf lngsf nflu
Ps x'n dfG5]x¿
;fËLlts s';L{sf] v]ndf
tF5f8d5f8 ub}{ dhf lnG5g\
Tot} ghLs} v]nsf] ;ËLt ahfpFb}
csf]{ x'n dfG5]x¿ dhf lnG5g\
bz{sbL3f{df a;]/ tfnL ahfpFb}
x'nsf x'n dfG5]x¿ dhf lnG5g\
xf] /x]5
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5
dgnfO{ ub\ub\ kfb}{
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5 .
sf]xL eg] 7"nfa8f;Fu
;]NkmL lng kfP eg]
la5§} /dfpF5g\ / dhf lnG5g\
To;/L lnPsf] ;]NkmL km];a's el/ ;hfP/
wfs nfpg kfP eg]
slt xf] slt /dfpF5g\ / dhf lnG5g\
h] h;/L xf];\
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5
dgnfO{ ub\ub\ kfb}{
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5 .
dnfO{ klg v'a} dhf cfO/x]sf] 5
/, dnfO{ eg]
ltg} dhf lng]x¿ b]v]/ dhf cfpFb}5
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 127
yl/ yl/ dhf lnPsf] b]v]/ dhf cfpFb}5
3l/ 3l/ dhf lnPsf] b]v]/ dhf cfpFb}5
lsgls
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5
dgnfO{ ub\ub\ kfb}{
dhf cfpg'sf] dhf vf; x'G5 .
128 | jf;' zdf{
dgsf] /fhf clb|t
d]/f] sfvdf e/v/} cjt/0f ePsf]
Ps cËfnf] v'zL
dnfO{ ;'D;'DofpFb}
cfFvfaf6 l5/]/
dgdf cf;Lg x'Fbf
xiff{lt/]s d]/f] dg
k|sfzn] hfHjNodfg ePsf] 5
/,
k|sfzsf ls/0fx¿ ;dfpFb}
clg
OG›]0fLsf /ª\ux¿;Fu v]Nb}
v'zLsf t/ª\ux¿
d]/f] cfsfz
d]/f] wtL{
d]/f] l;Ëf] ;+;f/df
rfxfl//x]sf5g\
:jR5Gb .
cfh
Psflaxfg}
Ps x'n k/]jfx¿
d]/f] cfFugdf plqP/
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 129
gfRg yfn]
dnfO{ va/ lb+b}
Pp6f v'zLsf] va/
sf]xL cfpFb} u/]sf] va/ .
d]/f] dgsf]
rf]6f sf]7fdf
bnfg cfFugdf
k/]8 v]Ng] ;kgfx¿
jfT;Nosf] cfgGbdf
8'afOlbg] ljkgfx¿
Jou|tfk"j{s
pNnf;k"0f{ k|ltIffdf
3fdsf ls/0fx¿;Fu}
d k'nlst eO/x]y]+
lbge/
gjfuGt'ssf] af6f] x]/]/ .
dgel/ lh1fzfx¿ v]ln/x]
s:tf] xf]nf Tof] gjfuGt's
3fd h:tf] jf h"g h:tf]
wtL{ ;hfpg] xl/ofnL h:tf]
jf,
dg hudufpg] bLkfjnL h:tf]
s:tf] <
zLtn :kz{ ls Gofgf] xif{
h] xf];\
pm dfofFsf] pTsif{ xf]
lhGbuLsf] lgisif{ xf] .
130 | jf;' zdf{
lbg 9NsFb} ubf{
g/d x'g yfn]sf 3fdsf ls/0fx¿n]
dnfO{ sf]6\ofP/ k/ lIflthdf b]vfP
uf]w'nL ;fFemdf em}+
Pp6f dw'/f] cfs[lt
zg}M zg}M dlt/ a9\g yfNof]
p;sf kbrfkx¿ ;'lgg yfn]
d tL kbrfkx¿df nlPF
;Ddf]lxt eP/ x/fPF
c;Ld cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt;Fu}
ch;| :g]xsf] k|jfx;Fu}
/, If0fe/d}
d]/f] sfvdf a:g cfOk'Uof]
d':sfgsf] Pp6f cfs[lt
d]/f] dgdf /fh ug{ yfn]sf] dfofsf] n8\8"
/, cfˆgf g/d Tjrfsf :kz{x¿n]
dnfO{ ;'D;'Dofof]
d'xf/df
cfFvfdf
/, dgdf
d}n] d'6'el/ :jfut u/]+ p;nfO{
d]/f] sfvdf e/v/} cjt/0f ePsf]
v'zLsf] cfwf/nfO{
dg d'6'df cfwfl/tnfO{
of] dgsf] /fhf cl›tnfO{ .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 131
;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg
cfdfsf] sfvdf a;]/
cfdfs} ckdfg ug]{nfO{
;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg
cfdfsf nfD6f lgvf/]/
cfdfs} rf]S6f n'5\g]nfO{
;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg .
lgn{Hh eP5 dfG5] cr]n
l;h{gfsf] kydf sfF8f la5\ofpF5
/, ofqfsf] cfXjfg u5{
Pp6f To:tf] ofqf
h;sf] pm;Fu g vfsf 5
g t hglha|f]sf] efsf 5
5 t kmut
lgn{Hh gUgtf 5
ct[Kt lnK;f 5
lgn{Hh eP/ gfË} gfRg]nfO{
:jfy{lnK;fdf x'?Ss x'g]nfO{
;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg .
;Demgfdf tfh} 5
u'?n] k9fpg' ePsf] b]zsf] Oltxf;
:d[ltdf cem} cfn} 5
u'?n] b]vfpg' ePsf] b]zsf] dfglrq
132 | jf;' zdf{
u'?n] k9fpg' ePsf] Oltxf;df
Pp6f j}ejzfnL ;kgf lyof]
Pp6f uf}/jzfnL ofqf lyof]
u'?n] b]vfpg' ePsf] dfglrqdf
;kgfb]lv ljkgf;Ddsf] af6f] lyof]
lhGbuL /dfpg] Pp6f ;'Gb/ kf6f] lyof]
ToxL Oltxf;nfO{ luHofpg] zgsnfO{
ToxL dfglrqnfO{ l;Wofpg] 5gsnfO{
;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg .
lz/sf] tfhnfO{ aGws /fVg] s'/f
v'n]cfd x'Fb}5 c/] cr]n
lrgf/L kmqmg] km"nsf y'ª\ufx¿sf]
sTn]cfd x'Fb}5 c/] cr]n
Jolerf/Lx¿sf] a/a/fx6 ;'lgg yfn]5
cTofrf/Lx¿sf] /u/ufx6 b]lvg yfn]5
lz/sf] tfh ;u/dfyfsf] c8]; nfP/
;u/dfyfs} df]ndf]nfO{ ug]{nfO{
lrgf/L ;hfpg] u'/fF;sf] dfnf nfP/
u'/fF;nfO{ g} ;Qf];/fk ug]{nfO{
;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg .
zflGtsf] lau'n km's]/
a'4n] ofqf yfn]sf] cfFugdf
aa{/tfsf] cfjfh 3lGsg yfn]5
;b\efjsf] uLt ufP/
;Ltfn] lnkkf]t u/]sf] bnfgdf
p208tfsf] c§xf; ;'lgg yfn]5
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 133
lj8Dagf Û
km]l/ klg a'4s} ;fv eFhfpg 5f]8\b}g dfG5]
km]l/ klg ;Ltfs} wfs nufpg 5f]8\b}g dfG5]
k/Gt',
a'4sf] cfFugaf6 a'4s} ckx/0f ug{ vf]Hg]nfO{
;Ltfsf] bnfgdf ;Ltfs} rL/x/0f ug{ vf]Hg]nfO{
;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg .
cfdfsf] sfvdf a;]/
cfdfs} ckdfg ug]{nfO{
cfdfsf nfD6f lgvf/]/
cfdfs} rf]S6f n'5\g]nfO{
;nfd ug{ dfGb}g dg .
134 | jf;' zdf{
dnfO{ l;ª\uf] b]z b]pm
xfjf rn]5
/, dfG5]x¿ axlsP5g\
To;}sf] va/ ag]5
/, km]l/ dfG5]x¿ axlsP5g\
xfjf lsg rNof] < xfjf g} hfgf];\
va/ lsg aGof] < va/ g} hfgf];\
dnfO{ xfjf;Fu;Fu} p8\g' 5}g
dnfO{ va/s} kl5 s'b\g' 5}g
d t psfn} psfnf] r9\g rfxg] dfG5]
d t t];}{ t];f]{ lx8\g rfxg] dfG5]
dnfO{ psfnf] r9\g kxf8 b]pm
dnfO{ t];f]{ lx8\g dw]z b]pm
d]/f] cfˆgf] cl:tTjsf] ;f; km]g{
dnfO{ d]/f] l;ª\uf] b]z b]pm .
cfFugdf v]Nb} ubf{ n8]sf a]nf
3'F8fdf 6fFl;Psf] w'nf] cem} 5
3'F8fsf] Tof] w'nf] emfg{ d rfxGg
cFu]gfdf d]/L cfdfn] s'F8f] ksfpFbf
cfFvfdf k;]sf] w'jfFsf] lk/f] cem} 5
cfFvfsf] Tof] lk/f] dfg{ d rfxGg
d cfFugsf] w'nf]df /dfpg] dfG5]
cFu]gfsf] w'jfFnfO{ krfpg] dfG5]
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 135
dnfO{ d]/f cfFugx¿sf] e"uf]n b]pm
dnfO{ d]/f cFu]gfx¿sf] ;uf]n b]pm
df6f] / af6f]sf] ;dfj]z b]pm
:jhgx¿sf] lhhLljiff 5l/Psf]
dnfO{ d]/f] l;ª\uf] b]z b]pm .
;dy/ kmfF6sf 3f/Lx¿df
ao/sf ‰ofËx¿leq} l5/]/
ao/ l6k]/ vfPsf]
le/fnf kv]/fsf sfGnfx¿df
P]+;]n'sf] ‰ofËx¿leq} k;]/
P]+;]n' l6k]/ vfPsf]
:jfb lha|f]df tfh} 5
ao/ / P]+;]n' l6Kg hfFbf
sfF8fn] Rjf:; 3f]+r]sf]
ofb klg cem} tfh} 5
d ao/ / P]+;]n' dL7f] nfUg] dfG5]
sfF8fsf] 3f]+rfO{ lgsf] dfGg] dfG5]
dnfO{ ao/ kmNg] kmfF6x¿ b]pm
dnfO{ P]+;]n' kmNg] sfGnfx¿ b]pm
ao/ / P]+;]n'sf ‰ofªx¿df
ljgf /f]s6f]s k|j]z b]pm
d]/f] ;Dk"0f{ x+; a;]sf] 7fpF
dnfO{ d]/f] l;ª\uf] b]z b]pm .
c~h'nLdf p3fP/ lkPsf] kfgL
kft km's]/ xfSkf/] ufPsf] afgL
d]/f] cfˆgf] xf] cFufNg rfxG5'
r'r'/fdf ufpg] 8fFkm]sf] uLt
136 | jf;' zdf{
kmfF6df gfRg] do"/sf] gfr
h'u h'u cld6 ;FufNg rfxG5'
d 8fFkm]sf] efsfdf ufpg] dfG5]
do"/sf] gfrdf /dfpg] dfG5]
dnfO{ 8fFkm]n] ufpg] r'r'/f b]pm
dnfO{ do"/n] gfRg] kmfF6 b]pm
ljå]if / snx xf]Og
a'4sf] zflGt ;Gb]z b]pm
d]/f k'vf{n] ;'Dk]sf] w/f]x/
dnfO{ d]/f] l;+uf] b]z b]pm .
km]l/ y]D;\s} lsgf/f sf]zLs} ;D´gf | 137
138 | jf;' zdf{