College Record 2019
THE RECORD engaging expositors who ever lived. He is survived by his Swedish daughter Gunnela and her children and grandchildren. Henry Hardy (HF) Michael Metcalf (1933-2018) David Michael Metcalf, numismatist, born 8 May 1933; died 25 October 2018. Michael Metcalf, who has died aged 85, understood the quantitative significance of medieval coins long before historians or other numismatists appreciated it. His detailed study in the 1960s of the coins of Offa, the eighth-century king of Mercia, enabled him to assert that these coins were struck in much greater numbers than anyone had realised. This in turn suggested that early Anglo-Saxon coins were far too numerous to have been reserved for the use of an elite. Instead the numbers argued for a much greater degree of Dark Age monetisation than previously assumed. Unsurprisingly, the established orthodoxy took some time to come to terms with this, and the ensuing debates ruffled feathers. One particular exchange in Oxford in 1966 was sufficiently robust to have been reported in the national press. With characteristic grit, Michael resisted the vigorous criticism of the most influential scholars, until the advent of the metal detector in the 80s began to confirm Michael’s arguments through the discovery of very large numbers of medieval coins from all over the country. Metal detecting was itself then shunned by archaeologists, who, reasonably enough, feared the destruction of important sites, but gradually a more positive attitude to responsible metal detecting developed. Nowadays the Portable Antiquities Scheme records thousands of coin finds reported by detectorists every year, and the degree of monetisation in medieval England is no longer doubted. The evidence of single coin finds was also used by Michael to map and quantify the early Anglo-Saxon gold coins (thrymsas) and silver pennies (sceattas) of the seventh and eighth centuries, resulting in his three-volume work Thrymsas and Sceattas in the Ashmolean Museum (1993–94). He had energetically collected the new finds emerging in the 80s to make the collection of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, where he was Keeper of the Heberden Coin Room (1982–98), a leader in this field. While Michael located the principal areas in which each type was struck and used, he also demonstrated that over a quarter of the English money stock consisted of similar silver pennies struck in the Low Countries, testifying to a huge balance of payments surplus probably attributable to wool exports as early as the eighth century. Anglo- Continental trade links were fundamental to English wealth from at least the eighth century until our own times. He also applied his spatial awareness and statistical skills to the late Anglo-Saxon coinage from King Edgar’s coinage reform of 973 to the Domesday Book survey of 1086. This period featured repeated reminting of the entire national currency, as well as the export to Scandinavia of huge numbers of coins as Danegeld. The coin hoards found above all in Sweden provide numerically impressive samples, though comparison with English hoards is essential. Moreover Michael analysed more than 600 English single finds from this period 96 COLLEGE RECORD 2019
in an attempt to answer a number of key questions about the nature of the circulation and the structure and distribution of the coinage in England. Nick Mayhew © The Guardian News and Media Ltd 2019. Courtesy of Guardian News and Media Ltd. excelled academically at Lichfield grammar school and in 1949, aged 17, he went to Bristol University to study physics. There he met a fellow-student, Judith Marshall, whom he married in 1957. After graduating, Peter undertook a PhD, supervised by the Nobel physics laureate Cecil Powell, before (in 1955) becoming a scientific officer at Harwell and working his way up within the organisation. Peter Iredale (1930-2019) My father Peter Iredale, who has died aged 87, was the last director of the UK Atomic Energy Authority’s Harwell laboratory in Oxfordshire, a pioneering institute that housed Europe’s first nuclear reactor. Having joined Harwell in the late 1950s as a scientific officer, Peter progressed through various scientific and leadership positions there, with a focus that eventually expanded to embrace non-nuclear energy technologies such as wind and wave power. At one stage he led the marine and technology support unit at Harwell, and from 1979 to 1984 he chaired the UK wave energy steering committee. He was appointed deputy director at Harwell in 1986 and then director the following year. However, in 1990, following a ministerial decision – the implications of which were not known at the time of his appointment – drastic cuts in government funding led to a radical restructuring. It fell to Peter to preside over the ending of Harwell’s role as a homogenous research establishment. Before stepping down in 1992 he produced a plan to develop the campus as a centre for scientific innovation, and this came to fruition in the form of what is now the Harwell science and innovation campus. After leaving Harwell, Peter sought another strategic role to satiate his intellectual restlessness, and found fulfilment as chair of Oxfordshire area health authority, a position he held from 1992 until 2001. In that role he managed several large NHS reorganisations, including the merger of all the main Oxfordshire hospitals into one trust; a process fraught with difficulty. Navigating these complexities while maintaining stability in the local health system required great fixity of purpose, clarity of strategic vision and an outstanding ability to persuade people to work together. In parallel, Peter recognised the importance of building a stronger relationship between the Oxfordshire health sector and the University of Oxford, and his work in that direction led to the creation of several world class clinical research institutes, including the Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Centre of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain. In his spare time he enjoyed gardening and operatic music. He is survived by Judith, their four children (John, Susan, Helen and Alison), and 13 grandchildren. John Iredale © The Guardian News and Media Ltd 2019. Courtesy of Guardian News and Media Ltd. THE RECORD Born in Brownhills, near Walsall, to Annie (née Kirby), a maid, and Henry, a grocer, Peter WOLFSON.OX.AC.UK 97
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in an attempt to answer a number of key<br />
questions about the nature of the circulation<br />
and the structure and distribution of the<br />
coinage in England.<br />
Nick Mayhew<br />
© The Guardian News and Media Ltd <strong>2019</strong>.<br />
Courtesy of Guardian News and Media Ltd.<br />
excelled academically at Lichfield grammar<br />
school and in 1949, aged 17, he went to<br />
Bristol University to study physics. There<br />
he met a fellow-student, Judith Marshall,<br />
whom he married in 1957. After graduating,<br />
Peter undertook a PhD, supervised by the<br />
Nobel physics laureate Cecil Powell, before<br />
(in 1955) becoming a scientific officer at<br />
Harwell and working his way up within the<br />
organisation.<br />
Peter Iredale<br />
(1930-<strong>2019</strong>)<br />
My father Peter Iredale, who has died aged<br />
87, was the last director of the UK Atomic<br />
Energy Authority’s Harwell laboratory in<br />
Oxfordshire, a pioneering institute that<br />
housed Europe’s first nuclear reactor.<br />
Having joined Harwell in the late 1950s as<br />
a scientific officer, Peter progressed through<br />
various scientific and leadership positions<br />
there, with a focus that eventually expanded<br />
to embrace non-nuclear energy technologies<br />
such as wind and wave power. At one stage<br />
he led the marine and technology support<br />
unit at Harwell, and from 1979 to 1984<br />
he chaired the UK wave energy steering<br />
committee.<br />
He was appointed deputy director at Harwell<br />
in 1986 and then director the following year.<br />
However, in 1990, following a ministerial<br />
decision – the implications of which were<br />
not known at the time of his appointment<br />
– drastic cuts in government funding led<br />
to a radical restructuring. It fell to Peter to<br />
preside over the ending of Harwell’s role<br />
as a homogenous research establishment.<br />
Before stepping down in 1992 he produced<br />
a plan to develop the campus as a centre for<br />
scientific innovation, and this came to fruition<br />
in the form of what is now the Harwell<br />
science and innovation campus.<br />
After leaving Harwell, Peter sought another<br />
strategic role to satiate his intellectual<br />
restlessness, and found fulfilment as chair of<br />
Oxfordshire area health authority, a position<br />
he held from 1992 until 2001. In that role he<br />
managed several large NHS reorganisations,<br />
including the merger of all the main<br />
Oxfordshire hospitals into one trust; a<br />
process fraught with difficulty. Navigating<br />
these complexities while maintaining stability<br />
in the local health system required great<br />
fixity of purpose, clarity of strategic vision<br />
and an outstanding ability to persuade<br />
people to work together.<br />
In parallel, Peter recognised the importance<br />
of building a stronger relationship between<br />
the Oxfordshire health sector and the<br />
University of Oxford, and his work in that<br />
direction led to the creation of several world<br />
class clinical research institutes, including the<br />
Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology<br />
and Metabolism and the Centre of Functional<br />
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain.<br />
In his spare time he enjoyed gardening and<br />
operatic music. He is survived by Judith, their<br />
four children (John, Susan, Helen and Alison),<br />
and 13 grandchildren.<br />
John Iredale<br />
© The Guardian News and Media Ltd <strong>2019</strong>.<br />
Courtesy of Guardian News and Media Ltd.<br />
THE RECORD<br />
Born in Brownhills, near Walsall, to Annie<br />
(née Kirby), a maid, and Henry, a grocer, Peter<br />
WOLFSON.OX.AC.UK<br />
97