API RP 581 - 3rd Ed.2016 - Add.2-2020 - Risk-Based Inspection Methodology

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5-44 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 581FiguresFigure 5.1⎯Flow Chart of Bundle Calculation Approach
RISK-BASED INSPECTION METHODOLOGY, PART 5—SPECIAL EQUIPMENT 5-456 Pressure-Relief Devices (PRDs)GeneralOverviewThe major concern with PRDs and the main reason that routine PRD inspection and testing is required is thatthe device may fail to relieve overpressure events that can cause failure of the equipment protected by thedevice, leading to a loss of containment. There are also consequences associated with leakage of PRDs.A risk-based approach to evaluating PRD criticality to set inspection/testing frequency is covered in thissection. Included in the scope are all spring-loaded and pilot-operated relief valves and rupture disks.Additional PRD types, such as AST pressure/vacuum vents (P/Vs) and explosion hatches, may be analyzedprovided reliability data in the form of Weibull parameters exist for the PRD type being considered.It is not the intention of the methodology for the user to perform or check PRD design or capacitycalculations. It is assumed that the owner–user has completed due diligence and the devices have beendesigned in accordance with API 521 [7] and sized, selected, and installed in accordance with API 520 [12] . Itis also assumed that minimum inspection practices in accordance with API 576 [9] are in place.The fundamental approach is to use a demand rate for the device combined with a probability of failure ondemand (POFOD) determined from plant-specific data if available or starting with default data. These inputs areused to generate a POF as a function of time via a Weibull statistical approach. The consequence of devicefailure is determined based on methods outlined in Part 3, but modified to include overpressure demand cases,the amount of expected overpressure upon PRD failure, and the additional consequences associated withdevice leakage. The combination of consequence with a time-based POF results in a risk value that increaseswith time between tests. This allows test intervals to be determined based on risk targets.The flow chart shown in Figure 5.1 illustrates the basic methodology required for the determination of a RBIinspection and test schedule. The basic data required for the evaluation are listed in Table 5.1.PRD Interdependence with Fixed EquipmentThe risk of a PRD is directly related to the equipment that is protected by the PRD. The consequenceanalysis is performed as described in Part 3 for the protected equipment at an elevated pressurerepresenting the estimated overpressure upon PRD failure to open upon demand.Failure ModesThere are several failure modes of significance when evaluating the risks associated with PRD failure. Forthe PRD, the failure modes are grouped into two categories.a) Fails to open as designed (FAIL):⎯ stuck or fails to open (FTO),⎯ device partially open (DPO),⎯ opens above set pressure (OASP).b) Leakage failure (LEAK):
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Risk-Based Inspection MethodologyAP
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CONTENTS1 SCOPE ...................
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PART 2PROBABILITY OF FAILURE METHOD
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5.8 Figures .......................
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12.7 Nomenclature .................
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19.6 Determination of the Damage Fa
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Risk-Based Inspection MethodologyPa
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RISK-BASED INSPECTION METHODOLOGY,
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CONTENTSTABLE 2.A.1—LEADERSHIP AN
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PART 2, ANNEX 2.BDETERMINATION OF C
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2.B.8 AMINE CORROSION .............
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CONTENTSOVERVIEW ..................
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PART 3CONSEQUENCE OF FAILURE METHOD
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4.6.5 Releases to the Environment .
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5.9.7 Determination of Final Toxic
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CONTENTS3.A.1 GENERAL .............
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CONTENTS1 GENERAL………………
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Page 547 and 548: PART 5SPECIAL EQUIPMENT5-1
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CONTENTS5.A.1 General .............
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API RP 581 - 3rd Ed.2016 - Add.2-2020 - Risk-Based Inspection Methodology

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