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API RP 581 - 3rd Ed.2016 - Add.2-2020 - Risk-Based Inspection Methodology

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3-2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 581

[7] Davenport, J.A., A Survey of Vapor Cloud Explosions, Chemical Engineering Progress, 73(9),

September 1977 (see also AIChE Loss Prevention, 11, p. 39, 1977).

[8] Prugh, R.W., and R.W. Johnson, Guidelines for Vapor Release Mitigation, Center for Chemical Process

Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1988.

[9] Mudan, K.S., Evaluation of Fire and Flammability Hazards, Encyclopedia of Environmental Control

Technology, Vol. 1, Ch. 14, p. 416, Gulf Professional Publishing, Houston, TX, 1989.

[10] Shaw, P., and F. Briscoe, Vaporization of Spills of Hazardous Liquids on Land and Water, SRD-R-100,

Safety and Reliability Directorate, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, May 1978.

[11] Cremer and Warner Ltd., Risk Analysis of Six Potentially Hazardous Industrial Objects in the Rijnmond

Area, A Pilot Study: A Report to the Rijnmond Public Authority, ISBN 90-277-1393-6, D. Reidel

Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, sold and distributed in the United States and Canada by

Kluwer Boston, 1982.

[12] OFCM, Directory of Atmospheric Transport and Diffusion Consequence Assessment Models (FC-I3-

1999), published by the Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting

Research (OFCM) with the assistance of SCAPA members.

[13] Hanna, S.R., and P.J. Drivas, Guidelines for Use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models, Center for Chemical

Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1987.

[14] CCPS, Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis, Second Edition, Center for

Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 2000.

[15] Cox, A.W., F.P. Lees, and M.L. Ang, “Classification of Hazardous Locations,” a report of the Inter-

Institutional Group Classification of Hazardous Locations (HGCHL), 1990.

[16] Ignition Probability Review, Model Development and Look-up Correlations, First Edition, Energy Institute,

London, ISBN 978-0-85293-454-8, 2006.

[17] CCPS, Guidelines for Consequence Analysis of Chemical Releases, ISBN 0-8169-0786-2, Center for

Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1999.

[18] TNO, Methods for Calculation of Physical Effects (TNO Yellow Book, Third Edition), Chapter 6: Heat

Flux from Fires, CPR 14E (ISSN 0921-9633/2.10.014/9110), Servicecentrum, The Hague, 1997.

[19] EPA, Risk Management Program Guidance for Offsite Consequence Analysis, March 2009.

[20] SPFE, The SPFE Handbook for Fire Protection (Second Edition), Society of Fire Protection Engineering

and the National Fire Protection Association, ISBN 0-87765-354-2 (NFPA No. HFPE-95), 1995.

[21] Pietersen, C.M., and S.C. Huerta, “TNO 84-0222: Analysis of the LPG Incident in San Juan Ixhuatepec,

Mexico City, 19 November 1984,” Apeldoorn, The Netherlands: Netherlands Organization for Applied

Scientific Research.

[22] Mudan, K.S., and P.A. Croce, Fire Hazard Calculations for Large, Open Hydrocarbon Fires, SFPE

Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Boston.

[23] Mudan, K.S., Geometric View Factors for Thermal Radiation Hazard Assessment, Fire Safety Journal,

12, 1987, pp. 89–96.

[24] Roberts, A.F., Thermal Radiation Hazards from Releases of LPG from Pressurised Storage, Fire Safety

Journal, 4(3), 1981–1982, pp. 197–212.

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