The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Kas!ya and Kas!va [Derivation uncertain. The word first appears in the late Vedic form ka+!ya, a
decoction, distillation, essence; used figy of evil. The old Pali form is kas!va] 1. a kind of paste or gum
used in colouring walls Vin ii.151. -- 2. an astringent decoction extracted from plants Vin i.201, 277; J
v.198. -- 3. (of taste), astringent DhS 629; Miln 65; DhA ii.31. 4. (of colour) reddish -- yellow, orange
coloured Vin i.277. -- 5. (ethical) the fundamental faults (r!ga, dosa, moha) A i.112; Dh 10; Vbh 368. -- a˚
faultless, flawless, in akas!vatta' being without defect A i.112 (of a wheel, with -- sa˚ ibid.); -- sa˚ faulty
DhA i.82; -- mah!˚ wicked J iv.387. In cpds. both forms, viz. (kas!ya) -- yoga an astringent remedy J v.198
(kas!va˚ ibid.); -- rasa reddishyellow dye J ii.198; (kas!va) -- ôdaka an astringent decoction Vin i.205; --
gandha having a pungent smell Vin i.277; -- rasa having an astringent taste ibid.; -- va**a of reddish --
yellow colour ibid.
Kas!yatta
Kas!yatta (nt.) [abstr. fr. kas!ya] astringency Miln 56.
Kasi
Kasi and Kas" (f.) [fr. kas!ti] tilling, ploughing; agricul- ture, cultivation M ii.198; S i.172, 173=Sn 76 sq.;
Vin iv.6; Pv i.56 (k˚, gorakkha, va*ijj!); PvA 7; Sdhp 390 (k˚, va*ijj!); VvA 63. -- ˚' kasati to plough, to
till the land J i.277; Vism 284. -- kamma the act or occupation of ploughing, agriculture J ii.165, 300;
iii.270. -- kara*a ploughing, tilling of the field PvA 66; -- khetta a place for cultivation, a field PvA 8
(kas"˚); -- gorakkha agriculture and cattle breeding D i.135; -- bha*.a ploughing implements DhA i.307.
Kasi*a
Kasi*a1 [Vedic k%tsna] (adj.) entire, whole J iv.111, 112.
Kasi*a
Kasi*a2 [Deriv. uncertain] (nt.) one of the aids to kam- ma&&h!na the practice by means of which mystic
meditation (bh!van!, jh!na) may be attained. They are fully described at A v.46 sq., 60; usually enumerated
as ten [s!vak! dasa k˚ -- !yatan!ni bh!venti]; pa&hav"˚, !po˚, tejo˚, v!yo˚, n"la˚, p"ta˚, lohita˚, od!ta˚, !k!sa˚,
viññ!*a˚ -- that is, earth, water, fire, air; blue, yellow, red, white; space, intellection (or perhaps
consciousness) M ii.14; D iii.268, 290; Nett 89, 112; Dhs 202; Ps i.6, 95; cp. Manual 49 -- 52; Bdhd 4, 90
sq., 95 sq. -- For the last two (!k!sa˚ and viññ!*a˚) we find in later sources !loka˚ and (paricchinn') !k!sa˚
Vism 110; cp. Dhs trsl. 43 n. 4, 57 n. 2; Cpd. 54, 202. -- Eight (the above omitting the last two) are given at
Ps i.49, 143, 149. -- See further J i.313; iii.519; DhsA 186 sq. There are 14 manners of practising the
kasi*as (of which the first nine are: k˚ -- ânuloma'; k˚ -- pa&iloma'; k˚ -- ânupa&iloma'; jh!nânuloma';
jh˚pa&i˚; jh˚ -- ânupa&i˚; jh˚ -- ukkantika'; k˚ ukk˚; jh˚k˚ -- ukk˚) Vism 374; cp. Bdhd 5, 101 sq., 104, 152.
Nine qualities or properties of (pa&havi -- ) kasi*a are enumd at Vism 117. -- Each k. is fivefold,
according to uddha', adho, tiriya', advaya', appam!*a'; M ii.15, etc. -- kasi*a' oloketi to fix one's gaze
on the particular kasi*a chosen J v.314; ˚' samann!harati to concentrate one's mind on the k. J iii.519. --
!yatana the base or object of a kasi*a exercise (see above as 10 such objects) D iii.268; M ii.14; Ps i.28,
etc.; -- !ramma*a=˚!yatana Vism 427 (three, viz. tejo˚, od!ta˚, !loka˚). -- kamma the k. practice J i.141;
iv.306; v.162, 193. -- jh!na the k. meditation DhsA 413. -- dosa fault of the k. object Vism 117, 123 (the 4
faults of pa&hav" -- kasi*a being confusion of the 4 colours). -- parikamma the preliminary, preparatory rites
to the exercise of a kasi*a meditation, such as preparing the frame, repeating the necessary formulas, etc. J
i.8, 245; iii.13, 526; DhsA 187; -- ˚' katheti to give instructions in these preparations J iii.369; ˚' karoti to
perform the k -- preparations J iv.117; v.132, 427; vi.68; -- ma*.ala a board or stone or piece of ground
divided by depressions to be used as a mechanical aid to jh!na exercise. In each division of the ma*.ala a
sample of a kasi*a was put. Several of these stone ma*.alas have been found in the ruins at Anur!dhapura.
Cp. Cpd. 54 f. 202 f. J iii.501; DhA iv.208. -- sam!patti attainment in respect of the k. exercise Nd2 4668
(ten such).